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Gao Z, Temprano I, Lei J, Tang L, Li J, Grey CP, Liu T. Recent Progress in Developing a LiOH-Based Reversible Nonaqueous Lithium-Air Battery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2201384. [PMID: 36063023 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The realization of practical nonaqueous lithium-air batteries (LABs) calls for novel strategies to address their numerous theoretical and technical challenges. LiOH formation/decomposition has recently been proposed as a promising alternative route to cycling LABs via Li2 O2 . Herein, the progress in developing LiOH-based nonaqueous LABs is reviewed. Various catalytic systems, either soluble or solid-state, that can activate a LiOH-based electrochemistry are compared in detail, with emphasis in providing an updated understanding of the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in nonaqueous media. We identify the key factors that can switch the cell chemistry between Li2 O2 and LiOH and highlight the debate around these routes, as well as rationalize potential causes for these opposing opinions. The identities of the reaction intermediates, activity of redox mediators and additives, location of reaction interfaces, causes of parasitic reactions, as well as the effect of CO2 on the LiOH electrochemistry, all play a critical role in altering the relative rates of a series of interconnected reactions and all warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyan Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Israel Temprano
- Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jiang Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Linbin Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Junjian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Clare P Grey
- Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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Wu S, Qin N, Zhang H, Wei C, Wang Z, Luo W, Li Y, Wang H, Zhang K, Wang Q, Lu Z. Revealing the catalytic pathway of a quinone-mediated oxygen reduction reaction in aprotic Li-O 2 batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:1025-1028. [PMID: 34951411 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05538k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Soluble redox species that facilitate the oxygen reduction reaction by mediating the LiO2 intermediate and consequently the formation of the Li2O2 have attracted considerable interest for Li-O2 batteries. Based on extensive radical studies, this work discloses a distinct solution reaction route when a quinone derivative was employed as a redox mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ning Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Chuanwan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Haiou Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong, P. R. China
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Nava M, Zhang S, Pastore KS, Feng X, Lancaster KM, Nocera DG, Cummins CC. Lithium superoxide encapsulated in a benzoquinone anion matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019392118. [PMID: 34903644 PMCID: PMC8713792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019392118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium peroxide is the crucial storage material in lithium-air batteries. Understanding the redox properties of this salt is paramount toward improving the performance of this class of batteries. Lithium peroxide, upon exposure to p-benzoquinone (p-C6H4O2) vapor, develops a deep blue color. This blue powder can be formally described as [Li2O2][Formula: see text] [LiO2][Formula: see text] {Li[p-C6H4O2]}0.7, though spectroscopic characterization indicates a more nuanced structural speciation. Infrared, Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance, diffuse-reflectance ultraviolet-visible and X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveal that the lithium salt of the benzoquinone radical anion forms on the surface of the lithium peroxide, indicating the occurrence of electron and lithium ion transfer in the solid state. As a result, obligate lithium superoxide is formed and encapsulated in a shell of Li[p-C6H4O2] with a core of Li2O2 Lithium superoxide has been proposed as a critical intermediate in the charge/discharge cycle of Li-air batteries, but has yet to be isolated, owing to instability. The results reported herein provide a snapshot of lithium peroxide/superoxide chemistry in the solid state with redox mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nava
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Katharine S Pastore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307;
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Liu T, Vivek JP, Zhao EW, Lei J, Garcia-Araez N, Grey CP. Current Challenges and Routes Forward for Nonaqueous Lithium-Air Batteries. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6558-6625. [PMID: 32090540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonaqueous lithium-air batteries have garnered considerable research interest over the past decade due to their extremely high theoretical energy densities and potentially low cost. Significant advances have been achieved both in the mechanistic understanding of the cell reactions and in the development of effective strategies to help realize a practical energy storage device. By drawing attention to reports published mainly within the past 8 years, this review provides an updated mechanistic picture of the lithium peroxide based cell reactions and highlights key remaining challenges, including those due to the parasitic processes occurring at the reaction product-electrolyte, product-cathode, electrolyte-cathode, and electrolyte-anode interfaces. We introduce the fundamental principles and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the different strategies that have been proposed to mitigate the various issues of this chemistry, which include the use of solid catalysts, redox mediators, solvating additives for oxygen reaction intermediates, gas separation membranes, etc. Recently established cell chemistries based on the superoxide, hydroxide, and oxide phases are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - J Padmanabhan Vivek
- Chemistry Department, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Evan Wenbo Zhao
- Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jiang Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Nuria Garcia-Araez
- Chemistry Department, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Clare P Grey
- Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Dai A, Li Q, Liu T, Amine K, Lu J. Fundamental Understanding of Water-Induced Mechanisms in Li-O 2 Batteries: Recent Developments and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805602. [PMID: 30478954 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern sustainability challenges in recent years have warranted the development of new energy storage technologies. Practical realization of the lithium-O2 battery holds great promise for revolutionizing energy storage as it holds the highest theoretical specific energy of any rechargeable battery yet discovered. However, the complete realization of Li-O2 batteries necessitates ambient air operations, which presents quite a few challenges, as carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and water (H2 O) contaminants introduce unwanted byproducts from side reactions that greatly affect battery performance. Although current research has thoroughly explored the beneficial incorporation of CO2 , much mystery remains over the inconsistent effects of H2 O. The presence of water in both the cathode and electrolyte has been observed to alter reaction mechanisms differently, resulting in a diverse range of effects on voltage, capacity, and cyclability. Moreover, recent preliminary research with catalysts and redox mediators has attempted to utilize the presence of water to the battery's benefit. Here, the key mechanism discrepancies of water-afflicted Li-O2 batteries are presented, concluding with a perspective on future research directions for nonaqueous Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Dai
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Qidong Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tongchao Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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Chen Y, Jovanov ZP, Gao X, Liu J, Holc C, Johnson LR, Bruce PG. High capacity surface route discharge at the potassium-O2 electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kwon HM, Thomas ML, Tatara R, Oda Y, Kobayashi Y, Nakanishi A, Ueno K, Dokko K, Watanabe M. Stability of Glyme Solvate Ionic Liquid as an Electrolyte for Rechargeable Li-O 2 Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6014-6021. [PMID: 28121136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A solvate ionic liquid (SIL) was compared with a conventional organic solvent for the electrolyte of the Li-O2 battery. An equimolar mixture of triglyme (G3) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Li[TFSA]), and a G3/Li[TFSA] mixture containing excess glyme were chosen as the SIL and the conventional electrolyte, respectively. Charge behavior and accompanying gas evolution of the two electrolytes was investigated by electrochemical mass spectrometry (ECMS). From the linear sweep voltammetry performed on an as-prepared cell, we demonstrate that the SIL has a higher oxidative stability than the conventional electrolyte and, furthermore, offers the advantage of lower volatility, which would benefit an open-type lithium-O2 cell design. Moreover, CO2 evolution during galvanostatic charge was less in the SIL, which implies less side reaction. However, O2 evolution during charge did not reach the theoretical value in either of the two electrolytes. Several mass spectral fragments were generated during the charge process, which provided evidence for side reactions of glyme-based electrolytes. We further relate the difference in observed discharge product morphology for these electrolytes to the solubility of the superoxide intermediate, determined by rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Min Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Morgan L Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Tatara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Oda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Azusa Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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Liang Z, Lu YC. Critical Role of Redox Mediator in Suppressing Charging Instabilities of Lithium–Oxygen Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7574-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojian Liang
- Electrochemical Energy and
Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yi-Chun Lu
- Electrochemical Energy and
Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Theoretical Exploration of Various Lithium Peroxide Crystal Structures in a Li-Air Battery. ENERGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/en8010529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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