Raising Standards for the Evaluation of Future Psoriasis Therapeutics: A Critical Checklist

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Psoriasis: From Clinical Practice to Basic Research

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, represents a significant clinical challenge due to its complex pathogenesis and the limitations of existing therapeutic strategies. Current psoriasis diagnoses are primarily clinician-dependent, with instrumental diagnostics serving as adjuncts. Ongoing research is progressively deciphering its molecular underpinnings; the future of psoriasis diagnostics may involve genetic and immunological profiling to pinpoint biomarkers, enabling more accurate and timely interventions. The administration of psoriasis medications, whether oral, injectable, or topical, is associated with a range of side effects and compliance issues. Topical medications, despite their advantages in patient compliance and reduced systemic side effects, are hindered by the altered skin barrier in psoriasis, which impedes effective drug penetration and retention. In recent years, the development of novel transdermal drug delivery systems represents a promising frontier in psoriasis management. Nanotechnology-, microneedle- and dressing-based systems have demonstrated the potential for improved skin penetration, enhanced bioavailability, or extended retention time. Here, we will focus on the latest insights into the etiology, diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic approaches for psoriasis, with a particular emphasis on the evolution and challenges of novel transdermal drug delivery systems.

Guselkumab for psoriasis: a critical appraisal of Phase III studies

Biologic therapies have raised the frontiers of accepted treatment efficacy for severe psoriasis. Guselkumab is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to the p19 subunit and inhibits IL-23. In three Phase III randomized, active comparator and placebo controlled trials, guselkumab demonstrated superior efficacy and a comparable safety profile when assessed against adalimumab and ustekinumab. Critical appraisal highlighted uncertainties over risk of bias from missing details in the trial publications that would be overcome with the provision of accompanying trial protocols, as well as the need for a head-to-head trial against an IL-17 inhibitor. Overall, guselkumab is a promising addition to the biologic options for psoriasis due to its high efficacy, safe profile, low immunogenicity and efficacy in ustekinumab and adalimumab nonresponders.

Inflammation: Treatment Progress and Limitations

There is an increasing understanding on the etiology of chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, or rheumatoid arthritis. Large consortia contributed to the elucidation of the genetics, for instance, of IBD identifying a number of genes involved in innate mucosal defense and immune tolerance (most prominent, e.g., NOD2) and other related processes. For a number of such diseases, common genetic susceptibility loci were identified, suggesting overlapping immune response pathways, although there is no causality of single genetic traits.² In particular, the elucidation of main triggers of inflammation like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), integrins, specific cytokines like interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-23 launched the successful development of new pharmacological approaches, leading to a tremendous improvement of therapeutic outcomes.