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Effect of Diazotated Sulphonated Polystyrene Films on the Calcium Oxalate Crystallization. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abdel-Aal EA, Abdel-Ghafar HM, El-Sayed D, El-Shazly AN, Hoinkis J. Crystallization study of reverse osmosis desalination scales at low salinity with and without inhibitor. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2016.1196278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Abdel-Aal
- Head of Minerals Technology Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - H. M. Abdel-Ghafar
- Head of Minerals Technology Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - D. El-Sayed
- Head of Minerals Technology Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - A. N. El-Shazly
- Head of Minerals Technology Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - J. Hoinkis
- Institute of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HSKA), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Ohana E, Shcheynikov N, Moe OW, Muallem S. SLC26A6 and NaDC-1 transporters interact to regulate oxalate and citrate homeostasis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1617-26. [PMID: 23833257 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia can trigger Ca(2+)-oxalate stone formation, even in the absence of hypercalciuria, but the molecular mechanisms that control urinary oxalate and citrate levels are not understood completely. Here, we examined the relationship between the oxalate transporter SLC26A6 and the citrate transporter NaDC-1 in citrate and oxalate homeostasis. Compared with wild-type mice, Slc26a6-null mice exhibited increased renal and intestinal sodium-dependent succinate uptake, as well as urinary hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia, but no change in urinary pH, indicating enhanced transport activity of NaDC-1. When co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes, NaDC-1 enhanced Slc26a6 transport activity. In contrast, Slc26a6 inhibited NaDC-1 transport activity in an activity dependent manner to restricted tubular citrate absorption. Biochemical and physiologic analysis revealed that the STAS domain of Slc26a6 and the first intracellular loop of NaDC-1 mediated both the physical and functional interactions of these transporters. These findings reveal a molecular pathway that senses and tightly regulates oxalate and citrate levels and may control Ca(2+)-oxalate stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Ohana
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
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Kovacevic L, Lu H, Lakshmanan Y. Urinary turbidity as a marker of crystallization: Is spectrophotometric assessment useful? Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45:1009-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-013-0466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Besenhofer LM, Cain MC, Dunning C, McMartin KE. Aluminum citrate prevents renal injury from calcium oxalate crystal deposition. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:2024-33. [PMID: 23138489 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals are responsible for the kidney injury associated with exposure to ethylene glycol or severe hyperoxaluria. Current treatment strategies target the formation of calcium oxalate but not its interaction with kidney tissue. Because aluminum citrate blocks calcium oxalate binding and toxicity in human kidney cells, it may provide a different therapeutic approach to calcium oxalate-induced injury. Here, we tested the effects of aluminum citrate and sodium citrate in a Wistar rat model of acute high-dose ethylene glycol exposure. Aluminum citrate, but not sodium citrate, attenuated increases in urea nitrogen, creatinine, and the ratio of kidney to body weight in ethylene glycol-treated rats. Compared with ethylene glycol alone, the addition of aluminum citrate significantly increased the urinary excretion of both crystalline calcium and crystalline oxalate and decreased the deposition of crystals in renal tissue. In vitro, aluminum citrate interacted directly with oxalate crystals to inhibit their uptake by proximal tubule cells. These results suggest that treating with aluminum citrate attenuates renal injury in rats with severe ethylene glycol toxicity, apparently by inhibiting calcium oxalate's interaction with, and retention by, the kidney epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Besenhofer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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Venkatesan N, Shroff S, Jeyachandran K, Doble M. Effect of uropathogens on in vitro encrustation of polyurethane double J ureteral stents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 39:29-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-010-0280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sargut ST, Sayan P, Kıran B. Influence of essential and non-essential amino acids on calcium oxalate crystallization. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200900605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pedraza CE, Chien YC, McKee MD. Calcium oxalate crystals in fetal bovine serum: implications for cell culture, phagocytosis and biomineralization studies in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:1379-93. [PMID: 17879965 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture methods and models are key investigative tools for cell and molecular biology studies. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used as an additive during cell culture since its constituents promote cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Here we report that commercially available FBS from different major suppliers consistently contain precipitated, calcium oxalate crystals-either in the monohydrate (COM) or dihydrate (COD) form. Mineral structure and phase identification of the crystals were determined by X-ray diffraction, chemical composition by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and imaging and measurement of crystal growth steps by atomic force microscopy-all identified and confirmed crystallographic parameters for COM and COD. Proteins binding to the crystals were identified by immunoblotting, revealing the presence of osteopontin and fetuin-A (alpha(2)HS-glycoprotein)--known regulators of crystal growth found in serum. Macrophage cell cultures exposed to calcium oxalate crystals showed internalization of the crystals by phagocytosis in a process that induced disruption of cell-cell adhesion, release of reactive oxygen species and membrane damage, events that may be linked to the release of inflammatory cytokines by these cells into the culture media. In conclusion, calcium oxalate crystals found in commercially available FBS are toxic to cells, and their presence may confound results from in vitro studies where, amongst others, phagocytosis, biomineralization, renal cell and molecular biology, and drug and biomaterial testing are being examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio E Pedraza
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2
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Rabinovich YI, Daosukho S, Byer KJ, El-Shall HE, Khan SR. Direct AFM measurements of adhesion forces between calcium oxalate monohydrate and kidney epithelial cells in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 325:594-601. [PMID: 18619606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion forces between the calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM, whewellite) crystal and the layer of the epithelial kidney cells have been directly measured under buffer solutions by using atomic force microscope (AFM). Two renal epithelial lines, MDCK (a collecting duct line) and LLC-PK1 (a proximal tubular line), were used. All experiments were conducted in buffer solutions containing additional Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) ions in the various concentrations. For MDCK-cells, the obtained values of the adhesion force were in the range 0.12-0.51 nN and 0.12-0.20 nN for Ca(2+) and Mg(2+), respectively. No adhesion force (larger than 0.05 nN) has been found for LLC-PK1 cells. The "critical" concentrations of ions, near which the adhesion force (for MDCK-cells) was maximal, were found to be 100 mM. The "critical" concentration of ions and the tendency of the adhesion forces with the changing ions concentration, confirm earlier results of Lieske et al. [J.C. Lieske, G. Farell, S. Deganello, Urol. Res. 32 (2004) 117-123], in which the affinity (rather than the adhesion force) between the COM micro-crystals and the layer of the MDCK-cells were measured, calculating the radioactive signal of radioactive (14)C COM-crystals stuck to the cells. We believe that the aggregation of the COM crystals does not occur in the bulk urine due to short travel time through the nephron. If so, the kidney stone formation is determined by COM-seeding on the tubules walls. The further growth of the stone on the seed can take practically unlimited time because the COM crystal is practically is not soluble in water or urine solutions. The value of the adhesion force can be useful for evaluation of the adhesion energy or probability of the COM-aggregates to stick to the kidney epithelium under the urine flow. This probability is calculated taking into account the adhesion force, F(ad), and hydrodynamic driving force of the flow. This probability reflects the opportunity of the small aggregates to grow and form the kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov I Rabinovich
- Particle Engineering Research Center, 205 PERC Bldg, Bldg #746, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6135, USA.
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Encrustation of nanostructured Ti in a simulated urinary tract environment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu J, Jiang H, Liu XY. How does bovine serum albumin prevent the formation of kidney stone? A kinetics study. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:9085-9. [PMID: 16671718 DOI: 10.1021/jp057403b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To attain a better understanding of the crystallization of calcium oxalate crystals under the influence of the protein bovine serum albumin, we examined not only the nucleation kinetics but also the structural synergy between the biomineral and the biosubstrate. It follows that during the crystallization process of calcium oxalate crystals bovine serum albumin inhibits the nucleation of calcium oxalate by increasing the kink kinetics barrier. The results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction show, however, that bovine serum albumin promotes the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate. Apart from this, bovine serum albumin facilitates the ordered calcium oxalate crystal assembly by suppressing the supersaturation-driven interfacial structure mismatch. The physics questions behind the mentioned effects have been addressed from the kinetics point of view. This may explain why bovine serum albumin plays an important role in suppressing urine stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
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Chandrajith R, Wijewardana G, Dissanayake CB, Abeygunasekara A. Biomineralogy of human urinary calculi (kidney stones) from some geographic regions of Sri Lanka. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2006; 28:393-9. [PMID: 16791711 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-006-9048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stones (urinary calculi) have become a global scourge since it has been recognized as one of the most painful medical problems. Primary causative factors for the formation of these stones are not clearly understood, though they are suspected to have a direct relationship to the composition of urine, which is mainly governed by diet and drinking water. Sixty nine urinary calculi samples which were collected from stone removal surgeries were analyzed chemically for their Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and phosphate contents. Structural and mineralogical properties of stones were studied by XRD and FT-IR methods. The mean contents of trace elements were 1348 mg kg(-1) (Na); 294 mg kg(-1) (K); 32% (Ca); 1426 mg kg(-1) (Mg); 8.39 mg kg(-1) (Mn); 258 mg kg(-1) (Fe); 67 mg kg(-1) (Cu); 675 mg kg(-1) (Zn); 69 mg kg(-1) (Pb); and 1.93% (PO (4) (3-) ). The major crystalline constituent in the calculi of Sri Lanka is calcium oxalate monohydrate. Principal component analysis was used to identify the multi element relationships in kidney stones. Three components were extracted and the first component represents positively correlated Na-K-Mg-PO (4) (3-) whereas the second components represent the larger positively weighted Fe-Cu-Pb. Ca-Zn correlated positively in the third component in which Mn-Cu correlated negatively. This study indicates that during the crystallization of human urinary stones, Ca shows more affinity towards oxalates whereas other alkali and alkaline earths precipitate with phosphates.
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Rabinovich YI, Esayanur M, Daosukho S, Byer KJ, El-Shall HE, Khan SR. Adhesion force between calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal and kidney epithelial cells and possible relevance for kidney stone formation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 300:131-40. [PMID: 16677664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AFM interaction force measurements have been performed between calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal (COM) colloidal probes and monolayers of renal epithelial cells (on a polymer substrate) in artificial urine (AU) solutions. The adhesion force was measured for the COM/MDCK cell interaction, while no adhesion force was found for the COM/LLC-PK(1) cell interaction. Long-range repulsive forces for both lines of cells were measured in the range of 2-3 mum. After removal of the cell from the substrate by the AU flow, the basal membrane (BM), with a thickness of 100-200 nm, remained on the substrate. In this case, the shorter-range repulsive forces were found on the extending (approaching) portion of force/indentation curves. Similar to the COM/MDCK cell interaction, the retracting portions of curves for COM/basal membranes have shown the existence of the attractive force of adhesion for the interaction of COM with a BM of MDCK cells, while no adhesion was found for COM/BM LLC-PK(1) cells interaction. No adhesion force was found for the interaction of a BM (of any cells) with the silicon nitride tip. Besides the hydrodynamic reasons, the adhesion difference between LLC-PK(1) and MDCK cells possibly explains the preferential deposition of crystals only in collecting ducts (lined with MDCK-type cells) and the lack of the crystal deposition in the proximal tubules (lined with LLC-PK(1)-type cells). Previous treatments of cells with oxalate alone increased the adhesion force COM/BM MDCK; however, even after oxalate treatment there was small or no adhesion between COM and BM LLC-PK(1) cells. Note that the adhesion force for COM/BM MDCK is practically independent of the probe velocity, i.e., does not have the viscous origin. Evaluation of the adhesion energy shows that this force should be related to the ionic or hydrogen bonds of samples.
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Rabinovich Y, Esayanur M, Daosukho S, Byer K, El-Shall H, Khan S. Atomic force microscopy measurement of the elastic properties of the kidney epithelial cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 285:125-35. [PMID: 15797405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct interaction force measurements using atomic force microscopy (AFM) were carried out between a silicon nitride tip and renal epithelial cells (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney-MDCK and proximal tubular epithelial cells derived from pig kidneys, LLC-PK1). The approaching (extending) portion of the force/distance curves is considered, and repulsive forces in the long range of 2-3 microm were seen in both MDCK as well as LLC-PK1 cells growing under normal conditions. The repulsive force in the shorter distance range of 50-200 nm was also observed, when cells were damaged exposing the underlying basal membrane. LLC-PK1 cells were more prone to damage than the MDCK cells, hence short-range forces were common in the former and long-range forces in the latter cells. The functional dependence of repulsive force on the indentation depth changes, at small indentation depth the force increases linearly, while at larger indentations the force is a quadratic function of the distance, which is attributed to the elasticity of the membrane and the solid-like response of cells, respectively. The oxalate treatment of cells for 2-4 h gives rise to an increase in the elastic modulus of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rabinovich
- Particle Engineering Research Center, 206 P, S & T Bldg, Bldg # 746, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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