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Ehamparam R, Oquendo LE, Liao MW, Brynnel AK, Ou KL, Armstrong NR, McGrath DV, Saavedra SS. Axially Bound Ruthenium Phthalocyanine Monolayers on Indium Tin Oxide: Structure, Energetics, and Charge Transfer Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29213-29223. [PMID: 28795562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of charge collection at the organic/transparent conducting oxide (TCO) interface in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices affects overall device efficiency. Modifying the TCO with an electrochemically active molecule may enhance OPV efficiency by providing a charge-transfer pathway between the electrode and the organic active layer, and may also mitigate surface recombination. The synthesis and characterization of phosphonic acid-ruthenium phthalocyanine (RuPcPA) monolayer films on indium tin oxide (ITO), designed to facilitate charge harvesting at ITO electrodes, is presented in this work. The PA group was installed axially relative to the Pc plane so that upon deposition, RuPcPA molecules were preferentially aligned with the ITO surface plane. The tilt angle of 22° between the normal axes to the Pc plane and the ITO surface plane, measured by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, is consistent with a predominately in-plane orientation. The effect of surface roughness on RuPcPA orientation was modeled, and a correlation was obtained between experimental and theoretical mean tilt angles. Based on electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies, RuPcPA monolayers are composed predominately of monomers. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potential modulated-ATR (PM-ATR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the electron-transfer (ET) kinetics of these monolayers. A rate constant of 4.0 × 103 s-1 was measured using EIS, consistent with a short tunneling distance between the chromophore and the electrode surface. Using PM-ATR, ks,opt values of 2.2 × 103 and 2.4 × 103 s-1 were measured using TE and TM polarized light, respectively; the similarity of these values is consistent with a narrow molecular orientation distribution and narrow range of tunneling distances. The ionization potential of RuPcPA-modified ITO was measured using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and the results indicate favorable energetics for hole collection at the RuPcPA/ITO interface, indicating that this type of TCO modification may be useful for enhancing charge collection efficiency in OPV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanan Ehamparam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Luis E Oquendo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael W Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ambjorn K Brynnel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kai-Lin Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Neal R Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dominic V McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - S Scott Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Hindenberg P, López-Andarias A, Rominger F, de Cózar A, Romero-Nieto C. A Guide for the Design of Functional Polyaromatic Organophosphorus Materials. Chemistry 2017; 23:13919-13928. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Alicia López-Andarias
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Abel de Cózar
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; 48011 Bilbao Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Facultad de Química; Universidad del País Vasco and Donostia International Physics Center, P. K. 1072; 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia Spain
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Espinoza EM, Xia B, Darabedian N, Larsen JM, Nuñez V, Bao D, Mac JT, Botero F, Wurch M, Zhou F, Vullev VI. Nitropyrene Photoprobes: Making Them, and What Are They Good for? European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Llansola-Portoles MJ, Bergkamp JJ, Tomlin J, Moore TA, Kodis G, Moore AL, Cosa G, Palacios RE. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Perylene-TiO2Nanoassemblies. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1375-82. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J. Llansola-Portoles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Jesse J. Bergkamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - John Tomlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Self Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA); McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Rodrigo E. Palacios
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
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Hernández LI, Godin R, Bergkamp JJ, Llansola Portolés MJ, Sherman BD, Tomlin J, Kodis G, Méndez-Hernández DD, Bertolotti S, Chesta CA, Mariño-Ochoa E, Moore AL, Moore TA, Cosa G, Palacios RE. Spectral Characteristics and Photosensitization of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Reverse Micelles by Perylenes. J Phys Chem B 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3086792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Hernández
- Departamento de Química,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río
Cuarto, Córdoba 5800, Argentina
| | - Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Self Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA), McGill University, Otto Maass Chemistry Building, 801
Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jesse J. Bergkamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Manuel J. Llansola Portolés
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - John Tomlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Dalvin D. Méndez-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Sonia Bertolotti
- Departamento de Química,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río
Cuarto, Córdoba 5800, Argentina
| | - Carlos A. Chesta
- Departamento de Química,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río
Cuarto, Córdoba 5800, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Mariño-Ochoa
- Department of Chemistry, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey,
Monterrey, NL, 64849, México
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Self Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA), McGill University, Otto Maass Chemistry Building, 801
Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Rodrigo E. Palacios
- Departamento de Química,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río
Cuarto, Córdoba 5800, Argentina
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Charge-separated excited states in platinum(II) chromophores: Photophysics, formation, stabilization and utilization in solar energy conversion. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dworak L, Zastrow M, Zeyat G, Rück-Braun K, Wachtveitl J. Ultrafast dynamics of dithienylethenes differently linked to the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:394007. [PMID: 22964261 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/39/394007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced dynamics of a dithienylethene chromophore coupled to the surface of TiO(2) by either a tripodal linker or a carboxyl group was investigated with ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The absence of electron transfer from the photoexcited tripodal dithienylethene chromophore demonstrates that the tripod efficiently uncouples the electronic systems of dithienylethene and TiO(2). Contrary to this situation, photoinduced electron transfer can compete with ultrafast intramolecular relaxation in the COOH-dithienylethene/TiO(2) coupled system. An electron transfer rate of 1.1 × 10(12) s(-1) can be extracted, which is considerably slower than the intramolecular relaxation rate of the dithienylethene (3.7 × 10(12) s(-1)). Consequently, the electron transfer reaction exhibits a low efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Dworak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Lin HC, Polaske NW, Oquendo LE, Gliboff M, Knesting KM, Nordlund D, Ginger DS, Ratcliff EL, Beam BM, Armstrong NR, McGrath DV, Saavedra SS. Electron-Transfer Processes in Zinc Phthalocyanine-Phosphonic Acid Monolayers on ITO: Characterization of Orientation and Charge-Transfer Kinetics by Waveguide Spectroelectrochemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1154-1158. [PMID: 26288050 DOI: 10.1021/jz3002426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using a monolayer of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcPA) tethered to indium tin oxide (ITO) as a model for the donor/transparent conducting oxide (TCO) interface in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), we demonstrate the relationship between molecular orientation and charge-transfer rates using spectroscopic, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical methods. Both monomeric and aggregated forms of the phthalocyanine (Pc) are observed in ZnPcPA monolayers. Potential-modulated attenuated total reflectance (PM-ATR) measurements show that the monomeric subpopulation undergoes oxidation/reduction with ks,app = 2 × 10(2) s(-1), independent of Pc orientation. For the aggregated ZnPcPA, faster orientation-dependent charge-transfer rates are observed. For in-plane-oriented Pc aggregates, ks,app = 2 × 10(3) s(-1), whereas for upright Pc aggregates, ks,app = 7 × 10(2) s(-1). The rates for the aggregates are comparable to those required for redox-active interlayer films at the hole-collection contact in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chu Lin
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nathan W Polaske
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Luis E Oquendo
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | | | | | - Dennis Nordlund
- #Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road MS69, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Erin L Ratcliff
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Brooke M Beam
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Neal R Armstrong
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dominic V McGrath
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - S Scott Saavedra
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Segawa Y, Stephan DW. Metal-free hydrogenation catalysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11963-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Terry CA, Fernández MJ, Gude L, Lorente A, Grant KB. Physiologically relevant concentrations of NaCl and KCl increase DNA photocleavage by an N-substituted 9-aminomethylanthracene dye. Biochemistry 2011; 50:10375-89. [PMID: 22014335 DOI: 10.1021/bi200972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of a new 9-aminomethylanthracene dye N-substituted with a pyridinylpolyamine side chain (4). The effects of NaCl and KCl on anthracene/DNA interactions were then studied, with the goal of simulating the conditions of high ionic strength that a DNA photosensitizer might encounter in the cell nucleus (~150 mM of NaCl and 260 mM of KCl). As exemplified by methylene blue (5), the expected effect of increasing ionic strength is to decrease DNA binding and photocleavage yields. In contrast, the addition of 150 mM of NaCl in combination with 260 mM of KCl to photocleavage reactions containing micromolar concentrations of 4 triggers the conversion of supercoiled, nicked, and linear forms of pUC19 plasmid into a highly degraded band of DNA fragments (350 nm hν, pH 7.0). Circular dichroism spectra point to a correlation between salt-induced unwinding of the DNA helix and the increase in DNA photocleavage yields. The results of circular dichroism, UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission, thermal denaturation, and photocleavage inhibition experiments suggest that the combination of salts causes a change in the DNA binding mode of 4 from intercalation to an external interaction. This in turn leads to an increase in the anthracene-sensitized production of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Terry
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, United States
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Nöll G, Daub J, Lutz M, Rurack K. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Properties, and Electropolymerization of Azulene Dyads. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4859-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200080v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Nöll
- FB 8, Organische Chemie, Universität Siegen, Adolf Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Jörg Daub
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Lutz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Knut Rurack
- Div. 1.5, BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Lee CH, Galoppini E. Synthesis of Strapped Porphyrins: Toward Isolation of the Chromophore on Semiconductor Surfaces. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3692-704. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100434t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Elena Galoppini
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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Lee CH, Zhang Y, Romayanantakit A, Galoppini E. Modular synthesis of ruthenium tripodal system with variable anchoring groups positions for semiconductor sensitization. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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