1
|
Maruccia E, Galliano S, Schiavo E, Garino N, Segura Zarate AY, Muñoz-García AB, Pavone M, Gerbaldi C, Barolo C, Cauda V, Bella F. Exploring zinc oxide morphologies for aqueous solar cells by a photoelectrochemical, computational, and multivariate approach. ENERGY ADVANCES 2024; 3:1062-1072. [PMID: 38766406 PMCID: PMC11097750 DOI: 10.1039/d4ya00010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells assembled with aqueous electrolytes are emerging as a sustainable photovoltaic technology suitable for safe indoor and portable electronics use. While the scientific community is exploring unconventional materials for preparing electrodes and electrolytes, this work presents the first study on zinc oxide as a semiconductor material to fabricate photoanodes for aqueous solar cells. Different morphologies (i.e., nanoparticles, multipods, and desert roses) are synthesized, characterized, and tested in laboratory-scale prototypes. This exploratory work, also integrated by a computational study and a multivariate investigation on the factors that influence electrode sensitization, confirms the possibility of using zinc oxide in the field of aqueous photovoltaics and opens the way to new morphologies and processes of functionalization or surface activation to boost the overall cell efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maruccia
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 - Torino Italy
| | - Simone Galliano
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7 10125 - Torino Italy
| | - Eduardo Schiavo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Comp. Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21 80126 - Napoli Italy
| | - Nadia Garino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 - Torino Italy
| | - Ana Y Segura Zarate
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7 10125 - Torino Italy
- Escuela de Física, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, TEC 159-7050 - Cartago Costa Rica
| | - Ana B Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Comp. Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21 80126 - Napoli Italy
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Comp. Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21 80126 - Napoli Italy
| | - Claudio Gerbaldi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 - Torino Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7 10125 - Torino Italy
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100 10153 - Torino Italy
- Istituto di Scienza, Tecnologia e Sostenibilità per lo Sviluppo dei Materiali Ceramici (ISSMC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64 48018 - Faenza Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 - Torino Italy
| | - Federico Bella
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 - Torino Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang S, Li Q, Li S, Li C, Tan H, Xie Y. Recent advances in the approaches for improving the photovoltaic performance of porphyrin-based DSSCs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4521-4536. [PMID: 38592027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Among other photovoltaic techniques including perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are considered to be a potential alternative to conventional silicon solar cells. Porphyrins are promising dyes with the properties of easy modification and superior light-harvesting capability. However, porphyrin dyes still suffer from a number of unfavorable aspects, which need to be addressed in order to improve the photovoltaic performance. This feature article briefly summarizes the recent progress in improving the Voc and Jsc of porphyrin-based DSSCs in terms of molecular engineering by modifying the porphyrin macrocycle, donor and acceptor moieties of the porphyrin dyes, coadsorption of the porphrin dyes with bulky coadsorbents like chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and cosensitization of the porphyrin dyes with metal-free organic dyes. Notably, concerted companion (CC) dyes are described in detail, which have been constructed by linking a porphyrin dye subunit and a metal-free organic dye subunit with flexible alkoxy chains to achieve panchromatic absorption and concerted enhancement of Voc and Jsc. In one sentence, this article is expected to provide further insights into the development of high performance DSSCs through the design and syntheses of efficient porphyrin dyes and CC dyes in combination with device optimization to achieve simultaneously elevated Voc and Jsc, which may inspire and promote further progress in the commercialization of the DSSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haijun Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo J, Lu Q, Li Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Wu X, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient Solar Cells Based on Porphyrin and Concerted Companion Dyes Featuring Benzo 12-Crown-4 for Suppressing Charge Recombination and Enhancing Dye Loading. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41569-41579. [PMID: 37608739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, various porphyrin dyes have been designed to develop efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Based on our previously reported porphyrin dye XW43, which contains a phenothiazine donor with two diethylene glycol (DEG)-derived substituents, we herein report a porphyrin dye XW89 by introducing a benzo 12-crown-4 (BCE) unit onto the N atom of the phenothiazine donor. On this basis, XW90 and XW91 have been synthesized by replacing a DEG chain in XW89 with two DEG chains and a 12-crown-4 unit, respectively. For iodine electrolyte-based DSSCs, dyes XW89-XW91 exhibit VOC values of 765-779 mV, higher than that of XW43 (755 mV), which may be related to the strong capability of the BCE group in binding Li+ and thus suppressing the downward shift of the TiO2 conduction band and interfacial charge recombination. Moreover, the smaller size of 12-crown-4 than the DEG unit enables higher adsorption amounts of the dyes than XW43, contributing to an enhanced JSC value. Due to the presence of two BCE units, dye XW91 exhibits the highest dye loading amount and JSC of 1.86 × 10-7 mol cm-2 and 19.79 mA cm-2, respectively, affording a high PCE of 11.1%. To further enhance the light-harvesting ability, a concerted companion (CC) dye XW92 has been constructed by linking the two subdye units corresponding to the porphyrin dye XW91 and an organic dye. As a result, XW92 affords an enhanced JSC and efficiency. Further coadsorption of XW92 with chenodeoxycholic acid achieved the highest efficiency of 12.1%. This work provides an effective approach for fabricating efficient DSSCs sensitized by porphyrin and CC dyes based on the introduction of crown ether units with smaller sizes and stronger Li+ affinities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingjun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sangiorgi N, Sangiorgi A, Sanson A. Title: Seawater-based electrolytes facilitate charge transfer mechanisms improving the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Stephan M, Stute B, von Lieres E, Müller TJJ. Consecutive Three‐component Synthesis of Phenothiazine Based Merocyanines – Bayesian Optimization, Electronic properties, and DSSC Characteristics. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Stephan
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie GERMANY
| | - Birgit Stute
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH IBG-1: Biotechnology GERMANY
| | - Eric von Lieres
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH IBG-1: Biotechnology GERMANY
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Universitätsstraße 1Gebäude: 26.43, Raum 00.41 40225 Düsseldorf GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Wang D, Li J, Zhang M, Kang D, Song P. Super-Exchange Charge Transfer in One-Photon and Two-Photon Absorption of Multibranched Compounds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9743-9753. [PMID: 35350325 PMCID: PMC8945106 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, density functional theory is used to study organic molecules in a donor-acceptor (D-A) system centered on phenothiazine with strip and trigonal structures. The transition modes of the one-photon absorption (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) processes of the two molecules are studied. The calculations show that the molar absorption coefficient of OPA for trigonal molecule TPPO and the cross section of TPA are both larger than those for strip molecule M1 due to the increase in the number of branches of the system. A special local excitation-enhanced charge-transfer excitation appears in strip-type molecule M1. In the charge-transfer process of trigonal D-A structure molecule TPPO, there are not only local excitation-enhanced charge-transfer excitation but also super-exchange charge transfer between the three branches that occurs due to the increase in the planarity of the system.
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo J, Xie Z, Zou J, Wu X, Gong X, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells based on concerted companion dyes: systematic optimization of thiophene units in the organic dye components. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
8
|
Johnson Mary Leeda Rani A, Gunasekeran A, Sundaramurthy D, Sambandam A. Effect of a locust bean gum based gel electrolyte with nanocomposite additives on the performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed Mn3O4 and Mn3O4·CuS nanocomposites as novel inorganic additives in locust bean gum (LBG) gel electrolytes for application in an aqueous dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abisharani Johnson Mary Leeda Rani
- Material Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ahalya Gunasekeran
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devikala Sundaramurthy
- Material Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anandan Sambandam
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Synthesis of metal free organic dyes: Experimental and theoretical approach to sensitize one-dimensional cadmium sulphide nanowires for solar cell application. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
de Haro JC, Tatsi E, Fagiolari L, Bonomo M, Barolo C, Turri S, Bella F, Griffini G. Lignin-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Sustainable Aqueous Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:8550-8560. [PMID: 34239783 PMCID: PMC8243320 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for sustainable materials for quasi-solid-state (QS) electrolytes in aqueous dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), novel bioderived polymeric membranes were prepared in this work by reaction of preoxidized kraft lignin with poly(ethylene glycol)diglycidylether (PEGDGE). The effect of the PEGDGE/lignin relative proportions on the characteristics of the obtained membranes was thoroughly investigated, and clear structure-property correlations were highlighted. In particular, the glass transition temperature of the materials was found to decrease by increasing the amount of PEGDGE in the formulation, indicating that polyethylene glycol chains act as flexible segments that increase the molecular mobility of the three-dimensional polymeric network. Concurrently, their swelling ability in liquid electrolyte was found to increase with the concentration of PEGDGE, which was also shown to influence the ionic transport efficiency within the membrane. The incorporation of these lignin-based cross-linked systems as QS electrolyte frameworks in aqueous DSSCs allowed the preparation of devices with excellent long-term stability under UV-vis light, which were found to be superior to benchmark QS-DSSCs incorporating state-of-the-art carboxymethylcellulose membranes. This study provides the first demonstration of lignin-based QS electrolytes for stable aqueous DSSCs, establishing a straightforward strategy to exploit the potential of lignin as a functional polymer precursor for the field of sustainable photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos de Haro
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisavet Tatsi
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Fagiolari
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- ICxT
Interdepartmental Centre, Università
degli Studi di Torino, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Turri
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federico Bella
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mayer L, Müller TJJ. 3,10‐Diaryl Phenothiazines – One‐pot Synthesis and Conformational Tuning of Ground and Excited State Electronics. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mayer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bruggeman DF, Bakker TMA, Mathew S, Reek JNH. Redox-Mediated Alcohol Oxidation Coupled to Hydrogen Gas Formation in a Dye-Sensitized Photosynthesis Cell. Chemistry 2020; 27:218-221. [PMID: 32902899 PMCID: PMC7839774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell (DSPEC) that couples redox-mediated light-driven oxidative organic transformations to reductive hydrogen (H2 ) formation. The DSPEC photoanode consists of a mesoporous anatase TiO2 film on FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), sensitized with the thienopyrroledione-based dye AP11, while H2 was formed at a FTO-Pt cathode. Irradiation of the dye-sensitized photoanode transforms 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) to the oxidized TEMPO (TEMPO+ ), which acts as a chemical oxidant for the conversion of benzyl alcohol. The TEMPO0/+ couple, previously used as redox mediator in DSSC, mediates efficient electron transfer from the organic substrate to the photo-oxidized dye. A DSPEC photoreactor was designed that allows in situ monitoring the reaction progress by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Sustained light-driven oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde within the DSPEC photoreactor, using of TEMPO as mediator, demonstrated the efficiency of the device, with a photocurrent of 0.4 mA cm-2 , approaching quantitative Faradaic efficiency and exhibiting excellent device stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didjay F Bruggeman
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tijmen M A Bakker
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mayer L, Kohlbecher R, Müller TJJ. Concatenating Suzuki Arylation and Buchwald-Hartwig Amination by A Sequentially Pd-Catalyzed One-Pot Process-Consecutive Three-Component Synthesis of C,N-Diarylated Heterocycles. Chemistry 2020; 26:15130-15134. [PMID: 32815662 PMCID: PMC7756286 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concatenation of Suzuki coupling and Buchwald‐Hartwig amination in a consecutive multicomponent reaction opens a concise, modular and efficient one‐pot approach to diversely functionalized heterocycles, as exemplified for 3,10‐diaryl 10H‐phenothiazines, 3,9‐diaryl 9H‐carbazoles, and 1,5‐diaryl 1H‐indoles, in high yields starting from simple staring materials. Moreover, this one‐pot reaction is a sequentially palladium‐catalyzed process that does not require additional catalyst loading after the first coupling step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mayer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Regina Kohlbecher
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effect of polyaniline (PANI) on efficiency enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated with poly(ethylene oxide)-based gel polymer electrolytes. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Galliano S, Bella F, Bonomo M, Viscardi G, Gerbaldi C, Boschloo G, Barolo C. Hydrogel Electrolytes Based on Xanthan Gum: Green Route towards Stable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1585. [PMID: 32806671 PMCID: PMC7466386 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of innovative electrolytes based on nontoxic and nonflammable solvents is an up-to-date, intriguing challenge to push forward the environmental sustainability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Water is one of the best choices, thus 100% aqueous electrolytes are proposed in this work, which are gelled with xanthan gum. This well-known biosourced polymer matrix is able to form stable and easily processable hydrogel electrolytes based on the iodide/triiodide redox couple. An experimental strategy, also supported by the multivariate chemometric approach, is used here to study the main factors influencing DSSCs efficiency and stability, leading to an optimized system able to improve its efficiency by 20% even after a 1200 h aging test, and reaching an overall performance superior to 2.7%. In-depth photoelectrochemical investigation demonstrates that DSSCs performance based on hydrogel electrolytes depends on many factors (e.g., dipping conditions, redox mediator concentrations, etc.), that must be carefully quantified and correlated in order to optimize these hydrogels. Photovoltaic performances are also extremely reproducible and stable in an open cell filled in air atmosphere, noticeably without any vacuum treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Galliano
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Federico Bella
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Guido Viscardi
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Claudio Gerbaldi
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
- ICxT Interdepartmental Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zając D, Sołoducho J, Cabaj J. Organic Triads for Solar Cells Application: A Review. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200311151421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The need to find alternative sources of energy and environmental protection has
resulted in the significant development of organic photovoltaics. The synthesis of organic
compounds that will ensure the efficiency of the cells has become a key issue. In this
work, we present an overview of materials based on donor-linker-acceptor structural motifs,
and summarize the current state of research which can help in the design of new, effective
photovoltaic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zając
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Sołoducho
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Cabaj
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bella F, Porcarelli L, Mantione D, Gerbaldi C, Barolo C, Grätzel M, Mecerreyes D. A water-based and metal-free dye solar cell exceeding 7% efficiency using a cationic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivative. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1485-1493. [PMID: 34084377 PMCID: PMC8148032 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A green, efficient and stable solar cell based only on water and safe and cheap elements of the periodic table is proposed in this work, finally consolidating (also from a sustainability viewpoint) the concept of "artificial photosynthesis" studied for decades by the scientific community. The concept of dye-sensitized solar cells is re-proposed here with a metal-free organic dye, an iodine-based electrolyte in a 100% aqueous environment and a new cathode (cationic PEDOT) synthesized for the first time with the aim of inhibiting the repulsion between the anions of redox couples and the PEDOT:PSS matrix commonly used as the counter-electrode. This elegant setup leads to a record efficiency of 7.02%, the highest value ever obtained for a water-based solar cell and, in general, for a photovoltaic device free of both organic solvents and expensive/heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bella
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 - Torino Italy +39 0110904643
| | - Luca Porcarelli
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Waurn Ponds Geelong VIC 3217 Australia
- Polymat, Institute for Polymer Materials, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 - Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS 16 Av. Pey-Berland 33607 - Pessac France
| | - Claudio Gerbaldi
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 - Torino Italy +39 0110904643
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 10125 - Torino Italy
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Station 3 1015 - Lausanne Switzerland
| | - David Mecerreyes
- Polymat, Institute for Polymer Materials, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 - Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Maria Diaz de Haro 3 48011 - Bilbao Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu Y, Liu Q, Luo J, Wang B, Feng T, Zhou X, Liu X, Xie Y. Solar Cells Sensitized with Porphyrin Dyes Containing Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Units: A High Efficiency Beyond 12 . CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2802-2809. [PMID: 30830720 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of new porphyrin dyes (XW42-XW44) containing oligo(ethylene glycol) units have been designed and synthesized. Two triethylene glycol units were introduced into the phenothiazine moiety of XW42, whereas diethylene glycol (DEG) and ethylene glycol chains were introduced to afford XW43 and XW44, respectively. Interestingly, the efficiencies of the DSSCs were clearly dependent on the chain lengths. Among the three dyes, XW42 and XW43 exhibited relatively high open-circuit voltages of 751 and 750 mV, respectively, and XW43 exhibited the highest efficiency of 10.32 % owing to the presence of the DEG chains with suitable lengths and excellent ability to trap Li+ . Furthermore, through a combined coadsorption and cosensitization approach, the efficiencies were dramatically enhanced. As a result, a highest efficiency of 12.10 % was obtained for the XW43+chenodeoxycholic acid+PT-C6 (a metal-free organic dye) system, which ranks among the highest efficiencies of cells based on the traditional iodine electrolyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyue Lu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Tong Feng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Iftikhar H, Sonai GG, Hashmi SG, Nogueira AF, Lund PD. Progress on Electrolytes Development in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1998. [PMID: 31234406 PMCID: PMC6631186 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been intensely researched for more than two decades. Electrolyte formulations are one of the bottlenecks to their successful commercialization, since these result in trade-offs between the photovoltaic performance and long-term performance stability. The corrosive nature of the redox shuttles in the electrolytes is an additional limitation for industrial-scale production of DSSCs, especially with low cost metallic electrodes. Numerous electrolyte formulations have been developed and tested in various DSSC configurations to address the aforementioned challenges. Here, we comprehensively review the progress on the development and application of electrolytes for DSSCs. We particularly focus on the improvements that have been made in different types of electrolytes, which result in enhanced photovoltaic performance and long-term device stability of DSSCs. Several recently introduced electrolyte materials are reviewed, and the role of electrolytes in different DSSC device designs is critically assessed. To sum up, we provide an overview of recent trends in research on electrolytes for DSSCs and highlight the advantages and limitations of recently reported novel electrolyte compositions for producing low-cost and industrially scalable solar cell technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haider Iftikhar
- New Energy Technologies Group, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Gabriela Gava Sonai
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Solar Energy, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Syed Ghufran Hashmi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto Startup Center, A-Grid, Otakaari 5, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Ana Flávia Nogueira
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Solar Energy, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Peter David Lund
- New Energy Technologies Group, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jia HL, Peng ZJ, Li SS, Huang CY, Guan MY. Self-Assembly by Coordination with Organic Antenna Chromophores for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15845-15852. [PMID: 30957484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of new sensitizers and new sensitization methods is one of the important means to enhance the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs); the ultimate goal is to broaden the spectral response of dyes, reduce electron recombination, and suppress dye aggregation. In this study, we have developed a series of new self-assembled dyes and applied them in DSSCs. We prepared two organic antenna chromophores S1 and S2 and coordinated them with two acceptors A1 and A2 via zinc to construct A-Zn-S series self-assembled dyes. This method is very simple and feasible and can avoid the complex synthesis steps of traditional dyes; the results show that the light-harvesting ability of devices can be improved and charge recombination can be reduced by adjusting the structures of the antenna chromophores and acceptors. The device with A2-Zn-S1 gave a power conversion efficiency of 4.25%, which was higher than those with A1-Zn-S1 (3.88%), A1-Zn-S2 (3.21%), and A2-Zn-S2 (3.52%); the main reason for this is that the different coordination combinations between the antenna chromophore and the acceptor show great differences in Voc and Jsc. The device based on A2-Zn-S1 showed a high Voc of 632 mV and a high Jsc of 9.54 mA cm-2; one reason for this is that S1 has better spectral responsiveness and another reason is that A2 has better steric resistance that effectively reduces charge recombination. Besides, IR spectra indicate that these self-assembled dyes anchored on a TiO2 surface by bicarboxyl anchoring groups are also very beneficial for improving the performance of dyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lang Jia
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jie Peng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044 , P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yun Guan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bella F, Galliano S, Piana G, Giacona G, Viscardi G, Grätzel M, Barolo C, Gerbaldi C. Boosting the efficiency of aqueous solar cells: A photoelectrochemical estimation on the effectiveness of TiCl4 treatment. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
22
|
Buene AF, Boholm N, Hagfeldt A, Hoff BH. Effect of furan π-spacer and triethylene oxide methyl ether substituents on performance of phenothiazine sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of three phenothiazine dyes inspired by literature dye EO3 improving absorption properties and photovoltaic performance in DSSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audun Formo Buene
- Department of Chemistry
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- NO-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - Nanna Boholm
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Chemin des Alambics
- CH-1015 Lausanne
| | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Department of Chemistry
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- NO-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharmoukh W, Cong J, Gao J, Liu P, Daniel Q, Kloo L. Molecular Engineering of D-D-π-A-Based Organic Sensitizers for Enhanced Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:3819-3829. [PMID: 31458623 PMCID: PMC6641492 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of molecularly engineered and novel dyes WS1, WS2, WS3, and WS4, based on the D35 donor, 1-(4-hexylphenyl)-2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole and 4-(4-hexylphenyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole as π-conjugating linkers, were synthesized and compared to the well-known LEG4 dye. The performance of the dyes was investigated in combination with an electrolyte based on Co(II/III) complexes as redox shuttles. The electron recombination between the redox mediators in the electrolyte and the TiO2 interface decreases upon the introduction of 4-hexylybenzene entities on the 2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole and 4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole linker units, probably because of steric hindrance. The open circuit photovoltage of WS1-, WS2-, WS3-, and WS4-based devices in combination with the Co(II/III)-based electrolyte are consistently higher than those based on a I-/I3 - electrolyte by 105, 147, 167, and 75 mV, respectively. The WS3-based devices show the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.4% at AM 1.5 G 100 mW/cm2 illumination mainly attributable to the high open-circuit voltage (V OC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Sharmoukh
- National
Research Centre, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Tahrir Street,
Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
- Organic Chemistry, Center of Molecular
Devices, Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Science and Engineering, and Applied Physical Chemistry, Center
of Molecular Devices, School of Chemical Science and Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiayan Cong
- Organic Chemistry, Center of Molecular
Devices, Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Science and Engineering, and Applied Physical Chemistry, Center
of Molecular Devices, School of Chemical Science and Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiajia Gao
- Organic Chemistry, Center of Molecular
Devices, Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Science and Engineering, and Applied Physical Chemistry, Center
of Molecular Devices, School of Chemical Science and Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peng Liu
- Organic Chemistry, Center of Molecular
Devices, Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Science and Engineering, and Applied Physical Chemistry, Center
of Molecular Devices, School of Chemical Science and Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quentin Daniel
- Organic Chemistry, Center of Molecular
Devices, Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Science and Engineering, and Applied Physical Chemistry, Center
of Molecular Devices, School of Chemical Science and Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Kloo
- Organic Chemistry, Center of Molecular
Devices, Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Science and Engineering, and Applied Physical Chemistry, Center
of Molecular Devices, School of Chemical Science and Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail: (L.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liang CJ, Kumar CHP, Li CT, Lin JT. Metal-Free Sensitizers with a Perfluorohexyl Side Chain for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Properties Alien to Alkyl Chains. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun-Ting Li
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Jiann T. Lin
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; Taipei 115 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cassone G, Calogero G, Sponer J, Saija F. Mobilities of iodide anions in aqueous solutions for applications in natural dye-sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13038-13046. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) composed of aqueous electrolytes represent an environmentally friendly, low-cost, and concrete alternative to standard DSSCs and typical solar cells. A joint experimental/computational study revealed the microscopic details behind the conduction properties of iodide anions in aqueous dye-sensitized solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cassone
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- 61265 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Sponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- 61265 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Franz Saija
- CNR-IPCF
- Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 37
- 98158 Messina
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shinde DB, Salunke JK, Candeias NR, Tinti F, Gazzano M, Wadgaonkar PP, Priimagi A, Camaioni N, Vivo P. Crystallisation-enhanced bulk hole mobility in phenothiazine-based organic semiconductors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46268. [PMID: 28401918 PMCID: PMC5388875 DOI: 10.1038/srep46268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of three novel donor-acceptor systems based on C(3)-malononitrile-substituted phenothiazines was synthesised in good overall yields and their thermal, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties were characterised. The compounds were prepared through a sequence of Ullmann-coupling, Vilsmeier-Haack formylation and Knoevenagel-condensation, followed by Suzuki-coupling reactions for introduction of aryl substitutents at C(7) position of the phenothiazine. The introduction of a donor unit at the C(7) position exhibited a weak impact on the optical and electrochemical characteristics of the compounds and led to amorphous films with bulk hole mobilities in the typical range reported for phenothiazines, despite the higher charge delocalisation as attested by computational studies. In contrast, highly ordered films were formed when using the C(7)-unsubstituted 3-malononitrile phenothiazine, exhibiting an outstanding mobility of 1 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, the highest reported for this class of compounds. Computational conformational analysis of the new phenothizanes suggested that free rotation of the substitutents at the C(7) position suppresses the ordering of the system, thereby hampering suitable packing of the new materials needed for high charge carrier mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Shinde
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagadish K Salunke
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nuno R Candeias
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Francesca Tinti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - P P Wadgaonkar
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nadia Camaioni
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Vivo
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li CT, Lin RYY, Lin JT. Sensitizers for Aqueous-Based Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:486-496. [PMID: 28070969 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are attractive due to their sustainability, the use of water as a safe solvent for the redox mediators, and their possible applications in photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, the higher tendency of dye leaching by water and the lower wettability of dye molecules are two major obstacles that need to be tackled for future applications of aqueous DSSCs. Sensitizers designed for aqueous DSSCs are discussed based on their functions, such as modification of the molecular skeleton and the anchoring group for better stability against dye leaching by water, and the incorporation of hydrophilic entities into the dye molecule or the addition of a surfactant to the system to increase the wettability of the dye for more facile dye regeneration. Surface treatment of the photoanode to deter dye leaching or improve the wettability of the dye molecule is also discussed. Redox mediators designed for aqueous DSSCs are also discussed. The review also includes quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells, with a focus on improvements in QD loading and suppression of interfacial charge recombination at the photoanode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ryan Yeh-Yung Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jiann T Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Govindarajan S, Gao S, Cai W, Yam C. Rational design and first-principles studies of phenothiazine-based dyes for dye-sensitised solar cells. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1281455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiwu Gao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luo JS, Wan ZQ, Jia CY. Recent advances in phenothiazine-based dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Liang CJ, Lin YJ, Yen YS, Lin JT, Yeh MCP. Metal-Free Indeno[2,1- b]thiophene-Based Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei 117 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Yen
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Assistant Research Scholar of the National; Science Council of ROC; Taiwan
| | - Jiann T. Lin
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang P. Yeh
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei 117 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cobalt-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Recent Advances towards Stable Devices. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
32
|
Chaurasia S, Lin JT. Metal-Free Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1311-36. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Chaurasia
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica; Nankang, Taipei-115 (Taiwan)
| | - Jiann T. Lin
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica; Nankang, Taipei-115 (Taiwan)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Manfredi N, Cecconi B, Calabrese V, Minotti A, Peri F, Ruffo R, Monai M, Romero-Ocaña I, Montini T, Fornasiero P, Abbotto A. Dye-sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen production: distinct activity in a glucose derivative of a phenothiazine dye. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6977-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00390g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A glucose-functionalized phenothiazine dye gave efficient activities compared to the common hydrophilic triethylene glycol derivative as a consequence of improved wettability and peculiar features of the sugar functionality.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cisneros R, Beley M, Lapicque F, Gros PC. Hydrophilic Ethylene-Glycol-Based Ruthenium Sensitizers for Aqueous Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|