1
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Inaba M, Murase R, Takeshita T, Yano K, Kosaka S, Takahashi N, Isomura N, Oh-ishi K, Yoshimune W, Tsuchiya K, Nobukawa T, Kodama K. Synthesis of a Mesoporous SnO 2 Catalyst Support and the Effect of Its Pore Size on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10295-10306. [PMID: 38379515 PMCID: PMC10910439 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the effectiveness and challenges of applying mesoporous tin oxide (SnO2)-based supports for Pt catalysts in the cathodes of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) to simultaneously achieve high performance and high durability. Recently, the focus of PEFC application in automobiles has shifted to heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs), which require high durability, high energy-conversion efficiency, and high power density. It has been reported that employing mesoporous carbon supports improves the initial performance by mitigating catalyst poisoning caused by sulfonic acid groups of the ionomer as well as by reducing the oxygen transport resistance through the Pt/ionomer interface. However, carbon materials in the cathode can degrade oxidatively during long-term operation, and more stable materials are desired. In this study, we synthesized connected mesoporous Sb-doped tin oxides (CMSbTOs) with controlled mesopore sizes in the range of 4-11 nm and tested their performance and durability as cathode catalyst supports. The CMSbTO supports exhibited higher fuel cell performance at a pore size of 7.3 nm than the solid-core SnO2-based, solid-core carbon, and mesoporous carbon supports under dry conditions, which can be attributed to the mitigation of the formation of the Pt/ionomer interface and the better proton conductivity within the mesopores even at the low-humidity conditions. In addition, the CMSbTO supports exhibited high durability under oxidative conditions. These results demonstrate the promising applicability of mesoporous tin oxide supports in PEFCs for HDVs. The remaining challenges, including the requirements for improving performance under wet conditions and stability under reductive conditions, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Inaba
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Murase
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhisa Yano
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Satoru Kosaka
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahashi
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Noritake Isomura
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Oh-ishi
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshimune
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | | | | | - Kensaku Kodama
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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2
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Razmgar K, Altarawneh M, Oluwoye I, Altarawneh N, Senanayake G. Thermodynamic stability of niobium-doped ceria surfaces. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Fu X, Li R, Zhang Y. High electrocatalytic activity of Pt on porous Nb-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles prepared by aerosol-assisted self-assembly. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22070-22081. [PMID: 36043094 PMCID: PMC9364361 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03821h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores an aerosol-assisted method to prepare an efficient support for the Pt catalyst of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Titania nanoparticles and mesoporous niobium-doped titania nanoparticles were prepared by aerosol-assisted self-assembly using titanium(iv) isopropoxide and niobium(v) ethoxide as the titanium and niobium sources for application as non-carbon supports for the platinum electrocatalyst. The structural characteristics and electrochemical properties of the supports were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and dynamic light scattering. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method was used to calculate the specific surface areas of the samples, and the pore size distribution was also examined. The results demonstrated that under a radial concentration gradient, the aerosol droplets self-assembled into a spherical shape, and mesoporous supports were obtained after subsequent removal of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide by annealing and washing. The hydrothermal technique was then used to deposit platinum on the TiO2-based supports. The electrical conductivity of the non-carbon support was enhanced by the strong metal-support interaction effect between the platinum catalyst particles and the porous niobium-doped TiO2 support. The half-wave potential, electrochemical surface area, mass activity, and specific activity of the obtained Pt/Nb-TiO2 catalyst all surpassed those of commercial Pt/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University Xiamen 361021 China
| | - Ruisong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Yucang Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University Xiamen 361021 China
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4
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Study of the Relationship between Metal–Support Interactions and the Electrocatalytic Performance of Pt/Ti4O7 with Different Loadings. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The application potential of Pt/Ti4O7 has been reported, but the lack of research on the relationship between Pt loading, MSI, and catalytic activity hinders further development. Micron-sized Ti4O7 powders synthesized by a thermal reduction method under an H2 atmosphere were used as a support material for Pt-based catalysts. Using a modified polyol method, Pt/Ti4O7-5, Pt/Ti4O7-10, and Pt/Ti4O7-20 with different mass ratios (Pt to Pt/Ti4O7 is 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) were successfully synthesized. Uniformly dispersed platinum nanoparticles exhibit disparate morphologies, rod-like for Pt/Ti4O7-5 and approximately spherical for Pt/Ti4O7-10 and Pt/Ti4O7-20. Small-angle deflections and lattice reconstruction induced by strong metal–support interactions were observed in Pt/Ti4O7-5, which indicated the formation of a new phase at the interface. However, lattice distortions and dislocations for higher loading samples imply the existence of weak metal–support interactions. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the different morphologies and varying metal–support interactions (MSI). With X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectrums of Pt and Ti display apparent shifts in binding energy compared with commercial Pt-C and non-platinized Ti4O7, which can properly explain the changes in absorption ability and oxygen reduction reaction activity, as described in the electrochemical results. The synthetic method, Pt loading, and surface coverage of the support play an important role in the adjustment of MSI, which gives significant guidance for better utilizing MSI to prepare the target catalyst.
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5
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Yang Y, Peltier CR, Zeng R, Schimmenti R, Li Q, Huang X, Yan Z, Potsi G, Selhorst R, Lu X, Xu W, Tader M, Soudackov AV, Zhang H, Krumov M, Murray E, Xu P, Hitt J, Xu L, Ko HY, Ernst BG, Bundschu C, Luo A, Markovich D, Hu M, He C, Wang H, Fang J, DiStasio RA, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A, Noonan KJT, Xiao L, Zhuang L, Pivovar BS, Zelenay P, Herrero E, Feliu JM, Suntivich J, Giannelis EP, Hammes-Schiffer S, Arias T, Mavrikakis M, Mallouk TE, Brock JD, Muller DA, DiSalvo FJ, Coates GW, Abruña HD. Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media and Alkaline Membrane-Based Energy Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6117-6321. [PMID: 35133808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy-based electrochemical energy conversion technologies offer the promise of enabling a transition of the global energy landscape from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of electrocatalysis in alkaline media and applications in alkaline-based energy technologies, particularly alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Anion exchange (alkaline) membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) enable the use of nonprecious electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), relative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which require Pt-based electrocatalysts. However, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) kinetics is significantly slower in alkaline media than in acidic media. Understanding these phenomena requires applying theoretical and experimental methods to unravel molecular-level thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis and, particularly, the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process that takes place in a proton-deficient alkaline media. Extensive electrochemical and spectroscopic studies, on single-crystal Pt and metal oxides, have contributed to the development of activity descriptors, as well as the identification of the nature of active sites, and the rate-determining steps of the HOR and ORR. Among these, the structure and reactivity of interfacial water serve as key potential and pH-dependent kinetic factors that are helping elucidate the origins of the HOR and ORR activity differences in acids and bases. Additionally, deliberately modulating and controlling catalyst-support interactions have provided valuable insights for enhancing catalyst accessibility and durability during operation. The design and synthesis of highly conductive and durable alkaline membranes/ionomers have enabled AEMFCs to reach initial performance metrics equal to or higher than those of PEMFCs. We emphasize the importance of using membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) to integrate the often separately pursued/optimized electrocatalyst/support and membranes/ionomer components. Operando/in situ methods, at multiscales, and ab initio simulations provide a mechanistic understanding of electron, ion, and mass transport at catalyst/ionomer/membrane interfaces and the necessary guidance to achieve fuel cell operation in air over thousands of hours. We hope that this Review will serve as a roadmap for advancing the scientific understanding of the fundamental factors governing electrochemical energy conversion in alkaline media with the ultimate goal of achieving ultralow Pt or precious-metal-free high-performance and durable alkaline fuel cells and related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cheyenne R Peltier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roberto Schimmenti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qihao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhifei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Georgia Potsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ryan Selhorst
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xinyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Weixuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mariel Tader
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hanguang Zhang
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Mihail Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ellen Murray
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Pengtao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy Hitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Linxi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brian G Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Colin Bundschu
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Aileen Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Danielle Markovich
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Meixue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng He
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiye Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kevin J T Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bryan S Pivovar
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Piotr Zelenay
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Jin Suntivich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emmanuel P Giannelis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Tomás Arias
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joel D Brock
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Francis J DiSalvo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Center for Alkaline Based Energy Solutions (CABES), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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6
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MA Y, KAJIMA H, SHIMASAKI Y, NAGAI T, NAPPORN TW, WADA H, KURODA K, KURODA Y, ISHIHARA A, MITSUSHIMA S. Degradation Analysis of Pt/Nb–Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub> as PEFC Cathode Catalysts with Controlled Arc Plasma–deposited Platinum Content. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.22-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing MA
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University
| | - Hirokata KAJIMA
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University
| | - Yuta SHIMASAKI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Takaaki NAGAI
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University
| | - Teko W. NAPPORN
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University
| | - Hiroaki WADA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Kazuyuki KURODA
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University
| | - Yoshiyuki KURODA
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University
| | - Akimitsu ISHIHARA
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University
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7
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Beom Cho S, He C, Sankarasubramanian S, Singh Thind A, Parrondo J, Hachtel JA, Borisevich AY, Idrobo JC, Xie J, Ramani V, Mishra R. Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Cluster-Decorated Titanium Carbide is a Durable and Inexpensive Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4680-4689. [PMID: 34383996 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clusters of nitrogen- and carbon-coordinated transition metals dispersed in a carbon matrix (e. g., Fe-N-C) have emerged as an inexpensive class of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, it was shown that optimizing the interaction between the nitrogen-coordinated transition metal clusters embedded in a more stable and corrosion-resistant carbide matrix yielded an ORR electrocatalyst with enhanced activity and stability compared to Fe-N-C catalysts. Utilizing first-principles calculations, an electrostatics-based descriptor of catalytic activity was identified, and nitrogen-coordinated iron (FeN4 ) clusters embedded in a TiC matrix were predicted to be an efficient platinum-group metal (PGM)-free ORR electrocatalyst. Guided by theory, selected catalyst formulations were synthesized, and it was demonstrated that the experimentally observed trends in activity fell exactly in line with the descriptor-derived theoretical predictions. The Fe-N-TiC catalyst exhibited enhanced activity (20 %) and durability (3.5-fold improvement) compared to a traditional Fe-N-C catalyst. It was posited that the electrostatics-based descriptor provides a powerful platform for the design of active and stable PGM-free electrocatalysts and heterogenous single-atom catalysts for other electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Beom Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
- Virtual Engineering Center, Technology Convergence Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET), Jinju, 52851, South Korea
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Shrihari Sankarasubramanian
- Department of Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Arashdeep Singh Thind
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Javier Parrondo
- Department of Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Jordan A Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Albina Y Borisevich
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Juan-Carlos Idrobo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Vijay Ramani
- Department of Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
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8
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High-performance AEM unitized regenerative fuel cell using Pt-pyrochlore as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107205118. [PMID: 34593643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107205118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of fixed-gas unitized regenerative fuel cells (FG-URFCs) are limited by the bifunctional activity of the oxygen electrocatalyst. It is essential to have a good bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst which can exhibit high activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this regard, Pt-Pb2Ru2O7-x is synthesized by depositing Pt on Pb2Ru2O7-x wherein Pt individually exhibits high ORR while Pb2Ru2O7-x shows high OER and moderate ORR activity. Pt-Pb2Ru2O7-x exhibits higher OER (η@10mAcm-2 = 0.25 ± 0.01 V) and ORR (η@-3mAcm-2 = -0.31 ± 0.02 V) activity in comparison to benchmark OER (IrO2, η@10mAcm-2 = 0.35 ± 0.02 V) and ORR (Pt/C, η@-3mAcm-2 = -0.33 ± 0.02 V) electrocatalysts, respectively. Pt-Pb2Ru2O7-x shows a lower bifunctionality index (η@10mAcm-2, OER - η@-3mAcm-2, ORR) of 0.56 V with more symmetric OER-ORR activity profile than both Pt (>1.0 V) and Pb2Ru2O7-x (0.69 V) making it more useful for the AEM (anion exchange membrane) URFC or metal-air battery applications. FG-URFC tested with Pt-Pb2Ru2O7-x and Pt/C as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst and bifunctional hydrogen electrocatalyst, respectively, yields a mass-specific current density of 715 ± 11 A/gcat -1 at 1.8 V and 56 ± 2 A/gcat -1 at 0.9 V under electrolyzer mode and fuel-cell mode, respectively. The FG-URFC shows a round-trip efficiency of 75% at 0.1 A/cm-2, underlying improvement in AEM FG-URFC electrocatalyst design.
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9
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Kostuch A, Rutkowska IA, Dembinska B, Wadas A, Negro E, Vezzù K, Di Noto V, Kulesza PJ. Enhancement of Activity and Development of Low Pt Content Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acid Media. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175147. [PMID: 34500578 PMCID: PMC8434571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum is a main catalyst for the electroreduction of oxygen, a reaction of primary importance to the technology of low-temperature fuel cells. Due to the high cost of platinum, there is a need to significantly lower its loadings at interfaces. However, then O2-reduction often proceeds at a less positive potential, and produces higher amounts of undesirable H2O2-intermediate. Hybrid supports, which utilize metal oxides (e.g., CeO2, WO3, Ta2O5, Nb2O5, and ZrO2), stabilize Pt and carbon nanostructures and diminish their corrosion while exhibiting high activity toward the four-electron (most efficient) reduction in oxygen. Porosity of carbon supports facilitates dispersion and stability of Pt nanoparticles. Alternatively, the Pt-based bi- and multi-metallic catalysts, including PtM alloys or M-core/Pt-shell nanostructures, where M stands for certain transition metals (e.g., Au, Co, Cu, Ni, and Fe), can be considered. The catalytic efficiency depends on geometric (decrease in Pt-Pt bond distances) and electronic (increase in d-electron vacancy in Pt) factors, in addition to possible metal-support interactions and interfacial structural changes affecting adsorption and activation of O2-molecules. Despite the stabilization of carbons, doping with heteroatoms, such as sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron results in the formation of catalytically active centers. Thus, the useful catalysts are likely to be multi-component and multi-functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kostuch
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.A.R.); (B.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Iwona A. Rutkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.A.R.); (B.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Beata Dembinska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.A.R.); (B.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Wadas
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.A.R.); (B.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Enrico Negro
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (E.N.); (K.V.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Keti Vezzù
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (E.N.); (K.V.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Vito Di Noto
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (E.N.); (K.V.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Pawel J. Kulesza
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.A.R.); (B.D.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-2255-26-344
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10
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He C, Sankarasubramanian S, Ells A, Parrondo J, Gumeci C, Kodali M, Matanovic I, Yadav AK, Bhattacharyya K, Dale N, Atanassov P, Ramani VK. Self-Anchored Platinum-Decorated Antimony-Doped-Tin Oxide as a Durable Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng He
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage and Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Shrihari Sankarasubramanian
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage and Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Andrew Ells
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage and Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Javier Parrondo
- Nissan Technical Center North America, Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Cenk Gumeci
- Nissan Technical Center North America, Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Mounika Kodali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ivana Matanovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | | | - Nilesh Dale
- Nissan Technical Center North America, Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vijay K. Ramani
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage and Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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11
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Du L, Prabhakaran V, Xie X, Park S, Wang Y, Shao Y. Low-PGM and PGM-Free Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Stability Challenges and Material Solutions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e1908232. [PMID: 32240570 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fuel cells as an attractive clean energy technology have recently regained popularity in academia, government, and industry. In a mainstream proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, platinum-group-metal (PGM)-based catalysts account for ≈50% of the projected total cost for large-scale production. To lower the cost, two materials-based strategies have been pursued: 1) to decrease PGM catalyst usage (so-called low-PGM catalysts), and 2) to develop alternative PGM-free catalysts. Grand stability challenges exist when PGM catalyst loading is decreased in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA)-the power generation unit of a PEM fuel cell-or when PGM-free catalysts are integrated into an MEA. More importantly, there is a significant knowledge gap between materials innovation and device integration. For example, high-performance electrocatalysts usually demonstrate undesired quick degradation in MEAs. This issue significantly limits the development of PEM fuel cells. Herein, recent progress in understanding the degradation of low-PGM and PGM-free catalysts in fuel cell MEAs and materials-based solutions to address these issues are reviewed. The key factors that degrade the MEA performance are highlighted. Innovative, emerging material concepts and development of low-PGM and PGM-free catalysts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | | | - Xiaohong Xie
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Sehkyu Park
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yuyan Shao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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12
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Huynh TT, Dang NN, Pham HQ. Bimetallic PtIr nanoalloy on TiO2-based solid solution oxide with enhanced oxygen reduction and ethanol electro-oxidation performance in direct ethanol fuel cells. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevating the electrocatalytic performance of both cathode and anode catalysts is critical to the advancement and widespread utilization of low-temperature fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Thien Huynh
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT)
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University
- Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Nam Nguyen Dang
- Future Materials & Devices Lab
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences
- Duy Tan University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Viet Nam
| | - Hau Quoc Pham
- Future Materials & Devices Lab
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences
- Duy Tan University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Viet Nam
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13
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Zhou F, Zhang Z, Wang J, Huang S, Liu J, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu W. In situ preparation of 2D MoS 2 nanosheets vertically supported on TiO 2/PVDF flexible fibers and their photocatalytic performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:375606. [PMID: 32428885 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 nanosheets vertically supported on TiO2/PVDF flexible fibers have been successfully synthesized by combining electrospinning with a low temperature hydrothermal method without acid. The morphology of the 2D MoS2 nanosheets could be controlled by adjusting the experimental parameters. The loaded 2D MoS2 nanosheets can not only broaden the light capture range of TiO2, but also greatly inhibit the recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Due to the synergistic effect between MoS2 and TiO2, the photocatalytic rate for levofloxacin hydrochloride is about 40 times higher than that for MoS2 only. Recycle experiments have proved the stability and reusability of TiO2/PVDF@2D MoS2 nanosheets. The mechanism is investigated by quenching experiments. The results show that the superoxide anion radical (•O2 -), the hydroxyl radical (•OH) and the hole (h+) all have contributions to photocatalysis. This work widens the range of materials to synthesize the composites of 2D MoS2 nanosheets and provides a new and gentle method for preparing flexible large-scale heterostructures for environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China. College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China. College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
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14
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Lee E, Park C, Lee DW, Lee G, Park HY, Jang JH, Kim HJ, Sung YE, Tak Y, Yoo SJ. Tunable Synthesis of N,C-Codoped Ti 3+-Enriched Titanium Oxide Support for Highly Durable PEMFC Cathode. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eungjun Lee
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changmin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibaek Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 38541 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Park
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Jang
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Juhn Kim
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsug Tak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST, Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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15
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Volokh M, Mokari T. Metal/semiconductor interfaces in nanoscale objects: synthesis, emerging properties and applications of hybrid nanostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:930-961. [PMID: 36133041 PMCID: PMC9418511 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00729f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures, composed of multi-component crystals of various shapes, sizes and compositions are much sought-after functional materials. Pairing the ability to tune each material separately and controllably combine two (or more) domains with defined spatial orientation results in new properties. In this review, we discuss the various synthetic mechanisms for the formation of hybrid nanostructures of various complexities containing at least one metal/semiconductor interface, with a focus on colloidal chemistry. Different synthetic approaches, alongside the underlying kinetic and thermodynamic principles are discussed, and future advancement prospects are evaluated. Furthermore, the proved unique properties are reviewed with emphasis on the connection between the synthetic method and the resulting physical, chemical and optical properties with applications in fields such as photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry, Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Taleb Mokari
- Department of Chemistry, Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
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