1
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Volatile and thermally stable silver pyrazolate complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.115010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Zheng J, Lu Z, Wu K, Ning GH, Li D. Coinage-Metal-Based Cyclic Trinuclear Complexes with Metal-Metal Interactions: Theories to Experiments and Structures to Functions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9675-9742. [PMID: 32786416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the d10 coinage metal complexes, cyclic trinuclear complexes (CTCs) or trinuclear metallocycles with intratrimer metal-metal interactions are fascinating and important metal-organic or organometallic π-acids/bases. Each CTC of characteristic planar or near-planar trimetal nine-membered rings consists of Au(I)/Ag(I)/Cu(I) cations that linearly coordinate with N and/or C atoms in ditopic anionic bridging ligands. Since the first discovery of Au(I) CTC in the 1970s, research of CTCs has involved several fundamental areas, including noncovalent and metallophilic interaction, excimer/exciplex, acid-base chemistry, metalloaromaticity, supramolecular assemblies, and host/guest chemistry. These allow CTCs to be embraced in a wide range of innovative potential applications that include chemical sensing, semiconducting, gas and liquid adsorption/separation, catalysis, full-color display, and solid-state lighting. This review aims to provide a historic and comprehensive summary on CTCs and their extension to higher nuclearity complexes and coordination polymers from the perspectives of synthesis, structure, theoretical insight, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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3
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Dias HVR, Palehepitiya Gamage CS, Jayaratna NB, Hettiarachchi CV. Mixed ligand complexes of silver( i) supported by highly fluorinated pyrazolates, and chelating and bridging N-heterocycles. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04007j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A range of silver complexes featuring all nitrogen coordination environments involving pyrazolates and chelating and non-chelating bidentate N-heterocycles are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
| | | | - Naleen B. Jayaratna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
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4
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Lakhi JS, Patterson MR, Dias HVR. Coinage metal metallacycles involving a fluorinated 3,5-diarylpyrazolate. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03744c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoluminescent, trinuclear, coinage metal pyrazolates have been isolated using a fluorinated diaryl-pyrazolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet S. Lakhi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
| | - Monika R. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
| | - H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
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5
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Galassi R, Rawashdeh-Omary MA, Dias HVR, Omary MA. Homoleptic Cyclic Trinuclear d10 Complexes: from Self-Association via Metallophilic and Excimeric Bonding to the Breakage Thereof via Oxidative Addition, Dative Bonding, Quadrupolar, and Heterometal Bonding Interactions. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2019.1666371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Omary
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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6
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Guo Z, Luu J, Blair V, Deacon GB, Junk PC. Replacing Mercury: Syntheses of Lanthanoid Pyrazolates from Free Lanthanoid Metals, Pentafluorophenylsilver, and Pyrazoles, Aided by a Facile Synthesis of Polyfluoroarylsilver Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Guo
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton Australia
| | - Jenny Luu
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton Australia
| | - Victoria Blair
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton Australia
| | - Glen B. Deacon
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton Australia
| | - Peter C. Junk
- College of Science & Engineering James Cook University Townsville 4811 Qld Australia
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7
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Bassanetti I, Mattarozzi M, Delferro M, Marks TJ, Marchiò L. Silver(I) Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Complexes and Their Implementation as Precursors for Metallic Silver Deposition. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bassanetti
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 17/a43124ParmaItaly
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan Road60208EvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Monica Mattarozzi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 17/a43124ParmaItaly
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan Road60208EvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan Road60208EvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 17/a43124ParmaItaly
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8
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Zhang J, Fryauf DM, Garrett M, Logeeswaran VJ, Sawabe A, Islam MS, Kobayashi NP. Phenomenological Model of the Growth of Ultrasmooth Silver Thin Films Deposited with a Germanium Nucleation Layer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:7852-9. [PMID: 26126182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The structural properties of optically thin (15 nm) silver (Ag) films deposited on SiO2/Si(100) substrates with a germanium (Ge) nucleation layer were studied. The morphological and crystallographical characteristics of Ag thin films with different Ge nucleation layer thicknesses were assessed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry (GIXRD), X-ray reflection (XRR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface roughness of Ag thin films was found to decrease significantly by inserting a Ge nucleation layer with a thickness in the range of 1 to 2 nm (i.e., smoothing mode). However, as the Ge nucleation layer thickness increased beyond 2 nm, the surface roughness increased concomitantly (i.e., roughing mode). For the smoothing mode, the role of the Ge nucleation layer in the Ag film deposition is discussed by invoking the surface energy of Ge, the bond dissociation energy of Ag-Ge, and the deposition mechanisms of Ag thin films on a given characteristic Ge nucleation layer. Additionally, Ge island formation, the precipitation of Ge from Ag-Ge alloys, and the penetration of Ge into SiO2 are suggested for the roughing mode. This demonstration of ultrasmooth Ag thin films would offer an advantageous material platform with scalability for applications such as optics, plasmonics, and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junce Zhang
- †Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- ‡Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - David M Fryauf
- †Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- ‡Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Matthew Garrett
- †Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- ‡Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | | | - Atsuhito Sawabe
- ∥Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | | | - Nobuhiko P Kobayashi
- †Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- ‡Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
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9
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Teo EJ, Toyoda N, Yang C, Wang B, Zhang N, Bettiol AA, Teng JH. Sub-30 nm thick plasmonic films and structures with ultralow loss. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3243-3249. [PMID: 24504045 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05502g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report an alternative method of producing sub-30 nm thick silver films and structures with ultralow loss using gas cluster ion beam irradiation (GCIB). We have direct evidence showing that scattering from grain boundaries and voids rather than surface roughness are the main mechanisms for the increase in loss with reducing thickness. Using GCIB irradiation, we demonstrate the ability to reduce these scattering effects simultaneously through nanoscale surface smoothing, increase in grain width and lower percolation threshold. Significant improvement in electrical and optical properties by up to 4 times is obtained, before deviation from bulk silver properties starts to occur at 12 nm. We show that this is an enabling technology that can be applied post fabrication to metallic films or lithographically patterned nanostructures for enhanced plasmonic performance, especially in the ultrathin regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Jin Teo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, 117602, Singapore.
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10
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Hettiarachchi CV, Rawashdeh-Omary MA, Korir D, Kohistani J, Yousufuddin M, Dias HVR. Trinuclear copper(I) and silver(I) adducts of 4-chloro-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate and 4-bromo-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13576-83. [PMID: 24205789 DOI: 10.1021/ic402080y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses, structural, and photoluminescence properties of {[4-X-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]M}3 (X = Cl or Br, M = Cu or Ag) containing a heavier halide at the pyrazolyl ring 4-positions are reported. The Cu2O and Ag2O react with [4-Cl-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]H or [4-Br-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]H to form the corresponding metal pyrazolates, which are trinuclear adducts of the type {[4-X-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]M}3 with a nine-membered M3N6 metallacyclic core. They also feature relatively short M···Cl or M···Br intertrimer separations (∼ 3.6 Å) leading to supramolecular aggregates in the solid state. Distinct from the 4-H analogues {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]M}3, none of the four complexes described herein exhibits short intertrimer metal-metal interactions (as closest such M···M separations are at a distance greater than 5.0 Å). The {[4-X-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]M}3 adducts exhibit bright photoluminescence even at room temperature. The photophysical data suggest that the {[4-X-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3 complexes emit from an associative excited state, and the drastic Stokes shift suggests a significant change to the ground state structure of the trinuclear moiety and/or intermolecular interactions upon photoexcitation. The {[4-X-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Ag}3 complexes emit from a ligand-centered excited state affected by silver and the heavier halogens. Thin films of {[4-X-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3 trimers are promising for volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor applications as they exhibit luminescence color change upon exposure to vapors of benzene and its alkylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Champika V Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya , Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
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11
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Formica N, Ghosh DS, Carrilero A, Chen TL, Simpson RE, Pruneri V. Ultrastable and atomically smooth ultrathin silver films grown on a copper seed layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:3048-3053. [PMID: 23514424 DOI: 10.1021/am303147w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An effective method to deposit atomically smooth ultrathin silver (Ag) films by employing a 1 nm copper (Cu) seed layer is reported. The inclusion of the Cu seed layer leads to the deposition of films with extremely low surface roughness (<0.5 nm), while it also reduces the minimum thickness required to obtain a continuous Ag film (percolation thickness) to 3 nm compared to 6 nm without the seed layer. Moreover, the Cu seed layer alters the growth mechanism of the Ag film by providing energetically favorable nucleation sites for the incoming Ag atoms leading to an improved surface morphology and concomitant lower electrical sheet resistance. Optical measurements together with X-ray diffraction and electrical resistivity measurements confirmed that the Ag film undergoes a layer-by-layer growth mode resulting in a smaller grain size. The Cu seeded Ag growth method provides a feasible way to deposit ultrathin Ag films for nanoscale electronic, plasmonic and photonic applications. In addition, as a result of the improved uniformity, the oxidation of the Ag layer is strongly reduced to negligible values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Formica
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860 Spain.
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12
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Ke L, Lai SC, Liu H, Peh CKN, Wang B, Teng JH. Ultrasmooth silver thin film on PEDOT:PSS nucleation layer for extended surface plasmon propagation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:1247-1253. [PMID: 22339782 DOI: 10.1021/am201391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layers are used as the nucleation (seed) layer to reduce surface roughness of the overlying silver (Ag). The technique leads to ultrasmooth Ag thin films with a minimum surface roughness of 0.8 nm. The mechanism contributing to the improvement is explained on the basis of better wetting of Ag on PEDOT:PSS, and properties of the nucleation layer on the aspects of surface energy, surface adhesive force, and surface morphology influencing Ag wetting and growth pattern are being discussed. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) shows significant improvement, in terms of the Figure of Merits (FOM), as the surface roughness on Ag films is reduced. A lower light scattering and longer plasmon propagation of maximum 15.3 μm are also realized on a smoother Ag surface. The results indicate great potential on the application of combined PEDOT:PSS/Ag structure as an effective and economically feasible design solution for plasmonic and optical metamaterials devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ke
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602.
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13
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Rivers JH, DePue Anderson LJ, Starr CMN, Jones RA. Rhodium pyrazolate complexes as potential CVD precursors. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5401-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12450e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Chiu KC, Lin CY, Dong CY, Chen SJ. Optimizing silver film for surface plasmon-coupled emission induced two-photon excited fluorescence imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:5386-5396. [PMID: 21445177 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.005386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the optimal condition of a silver (Ag) film deposited on a cover slip for surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) induced two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) based on an objective-based, total internal reflection (TIR) microscope was investigated. According to the theoretical simulations of local electric field enhancement and fluorescence coupled emission efficiency, the thickness of the Ag film should be about 40 nm in order to maximize the TPEF collection efficiency by the objective. The deposited Ag film with a germanium seed layer on a cover slip exhibits additional improvement in surface smoothness by reducing variations in surface roughness to below 1.0 nm, thereby reduces local hot spots which degrade the image uniformity. Moreover, an Ag film with a 20 nm-thick SiO2 spacer not only prevents damage caused through interaction with the aqueous solution under high laser power irradiance, but also reduces the fluorescence quenching effect by the Ag film. By optimizing the Ag film thickness, surface smoothness, and a protective dielectric spacer, efficient TIR TPEF imaging can be achieved through SPCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chih Chiu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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15
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McCarty WJ, Yang X, Jones RA. Synthesis, structure and DFT study of a pyrazolate stabilized mononuclear Rh(ii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12164-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Liu H, Wang B, Leong ESP, Yang P, Zong Y, Si G, Teng J, Maier SA. Enhanced surface plasmon resonance on a smooth silver film with a seed growth layer. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3139-3146. [PMID: 20515054 DOI: 10.1021/nn100466p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an effective method to enhance the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on Ag films by using a thin Ni seed layer assisted deposition. Ag films with a thickness of about 50 nm were deposited by electron beam evaporation above an ultrathin Ni seed layer of approximately 2 nm on both silicon and quartz substrates. The root-mean-square (rms) surface roughness and the correlation length have been reduced from >4 nm and 28 nm for a pure Ag film to approximately 1.3 and 19 nm for Ag/Ni films, respectively. Both experimental and simulation results show that the Ag/Ni films exhibit an enhanced SPR over the pure Ag film with a narrower full width at half-maximum. Ag films with a Ge seed layer have also been prepared under the same conditions. The surface roughness can be reduced to less than 0.7 nm, but narrowing of the SPR curve is not observed due to increased absorptive damping in the Ge seed layer. Our results show that Ni acts as a roughness-diminishing growth layer for the Ag film while at the same time maintaining and enhancing the plasmonic properties of the combined structures. This points toward its use for low-loss plasmonic devices and optical metamaterials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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17
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Panneerselvam A, Malik MA, O'Brien P, Helliwell M. The Aerosol-Assisted CVD of Silver Films from Single-Source Precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200806729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Krishantha DMM, Gamage CSP, Schelly ZA, Dias HVR. Structures of Silver Pyrazolates in Hydrocarbon Solutions via Vapor-Pressure Osmometry. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7065-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801141s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Milan Krishantha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, and Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Chammi S. Palehepitiya Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, and Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Zoltan A. Schelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, and Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, and Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Boltasseva A, Shalaev VM. Fabrication of optical negative-index metamaterials: Recent advances and outlook. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metmat.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Niskanen A, Hatanpää T, Arstila K, Leskelä M, Ritala M. Radical-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Silver Thin Films Using Phosphine-Adducted Silver Carboxylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200606519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Hitzbleck J, Deacon GB, Ruhlandt‐Senge K. Structural Trends in Alkaline Earth and Rare Earth Metal 3,5‐Diisopropylpyrazolates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hitzbleck
- Syracuse University, Department of Chemistry, CST 1‐014, Syracuse, NY, 13244‐4100, USA, Fax: +1‐315‐443‐4070
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia, Fax: +61‐3‐9905 4597
| | - Glen B. Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia, Fax: +61‐3‐9905 4597
| | - Karin Ruhlandt‐Senge
- Syracuse University, Department of Chemistry, CST 1‐014, Syracuse, NY, 13244‐4100, USA, Fax: +1‐315‐443‐4070
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia, Fax: +61‐3‐9905 4597
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22
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Dias HR, Diyabalanage HV. Trimeric silver(I) pyrazolates with isopropyl, bromo, and nitro substituents: Synthesis and characterization of {[3,5-(i-Pr)2Pz]Ag}3, {[3,5-(i-Pr)2,4-(Br)Pz]Ag}3, and {[3,5-(i-Pr)2,4-(NO2)Pz]Ag}3. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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El-Kadri OM, Heeg MJ, Winter CH. Synthesis, structural characterization, and properties of chromium(iii) complexes containing amidinato ligands and η2-pyrazolato, η2-1,2,4-triazolato, or η1-tetrazolato ligands. Dalton Trans 2006:4506-13. [PMID: 16981026 DOI: 10.1039/b607903b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of anhydrous chromium(III) chloride with 2 or 3 equivalents of 1,3-di-tert-butylacetamidinatolithium or 1,3-diisopropylacetamidinatolithium in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature afforded Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(Cl)(THF) and Cr(iPrNC(CH3)NiPr)3 in 78% and 65% yields, respectively. Treatment of Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(Cl)(THF) with the potassium salts derived from pyrazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles afforded Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(X), where X=3,5-disubstituted pyrazolato or 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolato ligands, in 65-70% yields. X-Ray crystal structure analyses of Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(Me2pz) (Me2pz=3,5-dimethylpyrazolato) and Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(Me2trz) (Me2trz=3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolato) revealed eta2-coordination of the Me2pz and Me2trz ligands. Treatment of Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(Cl)(THF) with trifluoromethyltetrazolatosodium (NaCF3tetz) in the presence of 4-tert-butylpyridine afforded Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(CF3tetz)(4-tBupy) in 30% yield. An X-ray crystal structure determination showed eta1-coordination of the tetrazolato ligand through the 2-nitrogen atom. The complexes Cr(iPrNC(CH3)NiPr)3 and Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(X) are volatile and sublime with <1% residue between 120 and 165 degrees C at 0.05 Torr. In addition, these complexes are thermally stable at >300 degrees C under an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. Due to the good volatility and high thermal stability, these new compounds are promising precursors for the growth of chromium-containing thin films using atomic layer deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama M El-Kadri
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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