Ir/Oxide/Cellulose Composites for Catalytic Purposes Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition

Dehydration of Alginic Acid Cryogel by TiCl4 vapor: Direct Access to Mesoporous TiO2 @C Nanocomposites and Their Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries

A new strategy for the synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ @C nanocomposites through the direct mineralization of seaweed-derived alginic acid cryogel by TiCl₄ through a solid/vapor reaction pathway is presented. In this synthesis, alginic acid cryogel can have multiple roles; i) mesoporous template, ii) carbon source, and iii) oxygen source for the TiO₂ precursor, TiCl₄ . The resulting TiO₂ @alginic acid composite was transformed either into pure mesoporous TiO₂ by calcination or into mesoporous TiO₂ @C nanocomposites by pyrolysis. By comparing with a nonporous TiO₂ @C composite, the importance of the mesopores on the performance of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries based on mesoporous TiO₂ @C composite was clearly evidenced. In addition, the carbon matrix in the mesoporous TiO₂ @C nanocomposite also showed electrochemical activity versus lithium ions, providing twice the capacity of pure mesoporous TiO₂ or alginic acid-derived mesoporous carbon (A600). Given the simplicity and environmental friendliness of the process, the mesoporous TiO₂ @C nanocomposite could satisfy the main prerequisites of green and sustainable chemistry while showing improved electrochemical performance as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries.

Chemical vapour deposition of Ir-based coatings: chemistry, processes and applications

Iridium-based film precursor chemistry, nucleation and growth at CVD/ALD are reviewed with numerical characterization of the growth features in 3D objects.

Atomic layer deposition of nanostructured materials for energy and environmental applications

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin film technology that in the past two decades rapidly developed from a niche technology to an established method. It proved to be a key technology for the surface modification and the fabrication of complex nanostructured materials. In this Progress Report, after a short introduction to ALD and its chemistry, the versatility of the technique for the fabrication of novel functional materials will be discussed. Selected examples, focused on its use for the engineering of nanostructures targeting applications in energy conversion and storage, and on environmental issues, will be discussed. Finally, the challenges that ALD is now facing in terms of materials fabrication and processing will be also tackled.

Flexible replication technique for high-aspect-ratio nanostructures

A flexible, nondestructive, and cost-effective replication technique for nanostructures is presented. The advantages of the process are: 1) it allows for tailoring structural parameters of the replica (e.g., line width) nearly independent of the structural geometry of the master; 2) it allows for replication of high-aspect-ratio structures also in polymer materials from solution (especially noncurable polymers) such as polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate; 3) it includes an easy separation process, thus preserving the master for repeated use. Linear grating replicas with line widths ranging from 88 to 300 nm are obtained using a single nanostructured master. Nanofibers and complex nanopatterned replicas are achievable. The presented technique and its flexibility show that atomic layer deposition is a unique tool for the preparation of high-efficiency polarizer diffractive optics, photonics, electronics, and catalysts.

Ta2O5- and TiO2-based nanostructures made by atomic layer deposition

Nanotubular Ta(2)O(5)- and TiO(2)-based structures were prepared by atomic layer deposition of Ta(2)O(5) and TiO(2) thin films, conformally on pore walls of porous alumina membranes. Both self-supporting alumina membranes and Si-supported thin-film membranes were studied as templates. Long Ta(2)O(5) and TiO(2) nanotubes were prepared successfully with the self-supporting membranes. The TiO(2) nanotubes showed photocatalytic activity in methylene blue degradation under UV illumination. The Ta(2)O(5) and TiO(2) nanotubes were further modified by depositing Pt nanoparticles inside them. The Si-supported thin-film membranes were used as templates for the preparation of robust Ta(2)O(5)-coated Ni nanorod arrays on a Si substrate using electrodeposition, chemical etching and atomic layer deposition. In addition to photocatalysis, the nanostructures prepared in this work may find applications as other catalysts and as solid-state or electrochemical capacitors.