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Hirata M, Wittayarat M, Namula Z, Le QA, Lin Q, Takebayashi K, Thongkittidilok C, Mito T, Tomonari S, Tanihara F, Otoi T. Generation of mutant pigs by lipofection-mediated genome editing in embryos. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23806. [PMID: 34903813 PMCID: PMC8668999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The specificity and efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing systems are determined by several factors, including the mode of delivery, when applied to mammalian embryos. Given the limited time window for delivery, faster and more reliable methods to introduce Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) into target embryos are needed. In pigs, somatic cell nuclear transfer using gene-modified somatic cells and the direct introduction of gene editors into the cytoplasm of zygotes/embryos by microinjection or electroporation have been used to generate gene-edited embryos; however, these strategies require expensive equipment and sophisticated techniques. In this study, we developed a novel lipofection-mediated RNP transfection technique that does not require specialized equipment for the generation of gene-edited pigs and produced no detectable off-target events. In particular, we determined the concentration of lipofection reagent for efficient RNP delivery into embryos and successfully generated MSTN gene-edited pigs (with mutations in 7 of 9 piglets) after blastocyst transfer to a recipient gilt. This newly established lipofection-based technique is still in its early stages and requires improvements, particularly in terms of editing efficiency. Nonetheless, this practical method for rapid and large-scale lipofection-mediated gene editing in pigs has important agricultural and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Hirata
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Manita Wittayarat
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Zhao Namula
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong, China
| | - Quynh Anh Le
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Qingyi Lin
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koki Takebayashi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Taro Mito
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sayuri Tomonari
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tanihara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan. .,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Abstract
In the past few years, new technologies have arisen that enable higher efficiency of gene editing. With the increase ease of using gene editing technologies, it is important to consider the best method for transferring new genetic material to livestock animals. Microinjection is a technique that has proven to be effective in mice but is less efficient in large livestock animals. Over the years, a variety of methods have been used for cloning as well as gene transfer including; nuclear transfer, sperm mediated gene transfer (SMGT), and liposome-mediated DNA transfer. This review looks at the different success rate of these methods and how they have evolved to become more efficient. As well as gene editing technologies, including Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the most recent clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs). Through the advancements in gene-editing technologies, generating transgenic animals is now more accessible and affordable. The goals of producing transgenic animals are to 1) increase our understanding of biology and biomedical science; 2) increase our ability to produce more efficient animals; and 3) produce disease resistant animals. ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPRs combined with gene transfer methods increase the possibility of achieving these goals.
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Key Words
- BLG, β-lactoglobulin
- CRISPR
- CRISPRs, clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats
- EG, embryonic germ
- ES, Embryonic stem
- ESC, Embryonic stem cell
- HDR, homology directed repair
- ICM, inner cell mass
- ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- NHEJ, non-homologous end joining
- NT, nuclear transfers
- OBCT, oocyte bisection technique
- PAM, protospacer adjacent motif
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PGCS, primordial germ cells
- RVDs, repeat variable diresidues
- SMGT
- SMGT, sperm mediated gene transfer
- SV40, simian virus 40
- TALEN
- TALENs, transcription activator-like effector nucleases
- ZFN
- ZFN, Zinc-finger nucleases
- gene editing
- gene transfer
- iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cells
- nuclear transfer
- ssODN, single strand oligo nucleotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Lotti
- a Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA
| | - Kathryn M Polkoff
- a Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA
| | - Marcello Rubessa
- b Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Matthew B Wheeler
- a Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA.,b Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois , Urbana , IL , USA
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Le Cerf D, Pepin AS, Niang PM, Cristea M, Karakasyan-Dia C, Picton L. Formation of polyelectrolyte complexes with diethylaminoethyl dextran: Charge ratio and molar mass effect. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 113:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wheeler MB, Walters EM, Clark SG. Transgenic animals in biomedicine and agriculture: outlook for the future. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 79:265-89. [PMID: 14643108 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(03)00168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic animals are produced by introduction of 'foreign' deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into preimplantation embryos. The foreign DNA is inserted into the genetic material and may be expressed in tissues of the resulting individual. This technique is of great importance to many aspects of biomedical science including gene regulation, the immune system, cancer research, developmental biology, biomedicine, manufacturing and agriculture. The production of transgenic animals is one of a number of new and developing technologies that will have a profound impact on the genetic improvement of livestock. The rate at which these technologies are incorporated into production schemes will determine the speed at which we will be able to achieve our goal of more efficiently producing livestock, which meets consumer and market demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Wheeler
- 366 Animal Sciences Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Oshima Y, Sakamoto T, Hisatomi T, Tsutsumi C, Sassa Y, Ishibashi T, Inomata H. Targeted gene transfer to corneal stroma in vivo by electric pulses. Exp Eye Res 2002; 74:191-8. [PMID: 11950229 DOI: 10.1006/exer.2001.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a method of targeted gene transfer by electric pulses to a selected area of corneal stroma in vivo. Plasmid DNA with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under a cytomegalovirus promoter was injected through the corneal pocket into the corneal stroma of the adult Brown Norway rat, and various intensities of electric pulses ranging from 10 to 30 V were delivered to the corneal epithelial side with an electric probe. Direct stereomicroscopy of the fluorescent using real-time imaging was used to determine in vivo gene expression on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, and 20 after gene transfer. Transgene expression was detected in the corneal stroma as early as day 1 and until day 15. The most intense expression was noted on days 4 and 6. Gene transfer was most effective using eight electric pulses of 20 V for 50 msec. Histologic study disclosed GFP expression in keratocytes within the targeted area. There was no apparent cell damage in the gene transferred cells. No apparent inflammation was found in the anterior chamber or trabecular cells when electric pulses less than 30 V were used. In summary, the present technique transferred the gene of interest to a highly selected area of corneal stroma with no apparent damage. This method will likely be useful not only for developing gene therapy for corneal diseases but also for corneal research in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Friedrich U, Stachowicz N, Simm A, Fuhr G, Lucas K, Zimmermann U. High efficiency electrotransfection with aluminum electrodes using microsecond controlled pulses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(98)00163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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