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Yan X, Chen X, Shan Z, Bi L. Engineering Exosomes to Specifically Target the Mitochondria of Brain Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48984-48993. [PMID: 38162779 PMCID: PMC10753542 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various health conditions, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial-targeting therapy aims to restore or enhance mitochondrial function to treat or alleviate these conditions. Exosomes, small vesicles that cells secrete, containing a variety of biomolecules, are critical in cell-to-cell communication and have been studied as potential therapeutic agents. Exosome-based therapy has the potential to treat both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Combining these two approaches involves using exosomes as carriers to transport mitochondrial-targeting agents to dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria within target cells. This article presents a new technique for engineering brain-derived exosomes that target mitochondria and has demonstrated promise in initial tests with primary neuron cells and healthy rats. This promising development represents a significant step forward in treating these debilitating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Health
Research Institute, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Xinqian Chen
- Department
of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Health
Research Institute, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Zhiying Shan
- Department
of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Health
Research Institute, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Lanrong Bi
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Health
Research Institute, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Cao THM, Le APH, Tran TT, Huynh VK, Pham BH, Le TM, Nguyen QL, Tran TC, Tong TM, Than THN, Nguyen TTT, Ha HTT. Plasma cell-free RNA profiling of Vietnamese Alzheimer's patients reveals a linkage with chronic inflammation and apoptosis: a pilot study. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1308610. [PMID: 38178908 PMCID: PMC10764507 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1308610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) is a potential hallmark for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as it construes the genetic expression level, giving insights into the pathological progress from the outset. Profiles of cfRNA in Caucasian AD patients have been investigated thoroughly, yet there was no report exploring cfRNAs in the ASEAN groups. This study examined the gap, expecting to support the development of point-of-care AD diagnosis. Methods cfRNA profiles were characterized from 20 Vietnamese plasma samples (10 probable AD and 10 age-matched controls). RNA reads were subjected to differential expression (DE) analysis. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify gene modules that were significantly co-expressed. These modules' expression profiles were then correlated with AD status to identify relevant modules. Genes with the highest intramodular connectivity (module membership) were selected as hub genes. Transcript counts of differentially expressed genes were correlated with key AD measures-MMSE and MTA scores-to identify potential biomarkers. Results 136 genes were identified as significant AD hallmarks (p < 0.05), with 52 downregulated and 84 upregulated in the AD cohort. 45.6% of these genes are highly expressed in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. Notably, all markers related to chronic inflammation were upregulated, and there was a significant shift in all apoptotic markers. Three co-expressed modules were found to be significantly correlated with Alzheimer's status (p < 0.05; R2> 0.5). Functional enrichment analysis on these modules reveals an association with focal adhesion, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and metal ion response leading to apoptosis, suggesting the potential participation of these pathways in AD pathology. 47 significant hub genes were found to be differentially expressed genes with the highest connectivity. Six significant hub genes (CREB1, YTHDC1, IL1RL1, PHACTR2, ANKRD36B, RNF213) were found to be significantly correlated with MTA and MMSE scores. Other significant transcripts (XRN1, UBB, CHP1, THBS1, S100A9) were found to be involved in inflammation and neuronal death. Overall, we have identified candidate transcripts in plasma cf-RNA that are differentially expressed and are implicated in inflammation and apoptosis, which can jumpstart further investigations into applying cf-RNA as an AD biomarker in Vietnam and ASEAN countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Hoang Minh Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Phuc Hoang Le
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tai Tien Tran
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vy Kim Huynh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bao Hoai Pham
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao Mai Le
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang Lam Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thang Cong Tran
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Mai Tong
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - The Ha Ngoc Than
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Tran To Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Ha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Xie Z, Gao Y, Tian L, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Su Y. Pemphigus and pemphigoid are associated with Alzheimer's disease in older adults: evidence from the US Nationwide inpatient sample 2016-2018. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:872. [PMID: 38114905 PMCID: PMC10731856 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemphigus and pemphigoid are rare autoimmune skin disorders caused by autoantibodies against structural proteins and characterized by blistering of the skin and/or mucous membranes. Associations have been noted between skin diseases and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Dementia is a neurological disorder of progressive cognitive impairment with increasing incidence among older adults. This study aimed to assess the potential associations between pemphigus, pemphigoid and AD in a large, nationally representative US cohort. METHODS All data of hospitalized patients aged 60 years or older were extracted from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2016-2018. Patients with a history of head trauma, diagnosis of vascular dementia, history of cerebrovascular disease, or malformation of cerebral vessels were excluded. The study population was divided into those with and without pemphigus (cohort 1) and with and without pemphigoid (cohort 2). RESULTS Pemphigus was independently associated with a 69% increased risk of AD. Adults ≥80 years old with pemphigus were 72% more likely to develop AD than adults without pemphigus. Women with pemphigus were 78% more likely to develop AD than women without pemphigus. On the other hand, pemphigoid was independently associated with a 39% increased risk for AD and subjects ≥80 years with pemphigoid were 40% more likely to have AD than those without pemphigoid. Females with pemphigoid were 63% more likely to have AD than those without pemphigoid. Moreover, Hispanic older adults with pemphigus were 3-times more likely to have AD than those without pemphigoid. CONCLUSIONS Pemphigus and pemphigoid were both independently associated with AD in older adults, especially among females and octogenarians. Further studies addressing the etiology and mechanisms underlying these associations are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Gao
- General Practice Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lidi Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Ya'an People's Hospital, 358 Chenghou Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, 518001, No.6 Xinyuan Street, Xixiang Road, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, 518001, No.6 Xinyuan Street, Xixiang Road, Shenzhen, 518001, China.
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Wiese LAK, Gibson A, Guest MA, Nelson AR, Weaver R, Gupta A, Carmichael O, Lewis JP, Lindauer A, Loi S, Peterson R, Radford K, Rhodus EK, Wong CG, Zuelsdorff M, Saidi LG, Valdivieso-Mora E, Franzen S, Pope CN, Killian TS, Shrestha HL, Heyn PC, Ng TKS, Prusaczyk B, John S, Kulshreshtha A, Sheffler JL, Besser L, Daniel V, Tolea MI, Miller J, Musyimi C, Corkey J, Yank V, Williams CL, Rahemi Z, Park J, Magzamen S, Newton RL, Harrington C, Flatt JD, Arora S, Walter S, Griffin P, Babulal GM. Global rural health disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: State of the science. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4204-4225. [PMID: 37218539 PMCID: PMC10524180 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals living in rural communities are at heightened risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), which parallels other persistent place-based health disparities. Identifying multiple potentially modifiable risk factors specific to rural areas that contribute to ADRD is an essential first step in understanding the complex interplay between various barriers and facilitators. METHODS An interdisciplinary, international group of ADRD researchers convened to address the overarching question of: "What can be done to begin minimizing the rural health disparities that contribute uniquely to ADRD?" In this state of the science appraisal, we explore what is known about the biological, behavioral, sociocultural, and environmental influences on ADRD disparities in rural settings. RESULTS A range of individual, interpersonal, and community factors were identified, including strengths of rural residents in facilitating healthy aging lifestyle interventions. DISCUSSION A location dynamics model and ADRD-focused future directions are offered for guiding rural practitioners, researchers, and policymakers in mitigating rural disparities. HIGHLIGHTS Rural residents face heightened Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risks and burdens due to health disparities. Defining the unique rural barriers and facilitators to cognitive health yields insight. The strengths and resilience of rural residents can mitigate ADRD-related challenges. A novel "location dynamics" model guides assessment of rural-specific ADRD issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ann Kirk Wiese
- C.E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Allison Gibson
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marc Aaron Guest
- Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Raven Weaver
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jordan P Lewis
- Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allison Lindauer
- Oregon Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Samantha Loi
- Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Peterson
- University of Montana School of Public and Community Health Sciences, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kylie Radford
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K Rhodus
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, for Health Equity Transformation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christina G Wong
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ladan Ghazi Saidi
- Department of Communication Disorders, Center for Brain Biology and Behavior (CB3), University of Nebraska at Kearney, and Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Esmeralda Valdivieso-Mora
- Department of Psychology and Public Health, Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas, El Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Sanne Franzen
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caitlin N Pope
- Department of Health, Behavior, & Society, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Timothy S Killian
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hom L Shrestha
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia C Heyn
- Center for Optimal Aging, Department of Physical Therapy, Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Beth Prusaczyk
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Center for Population Health Informatics at I2, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samantha John
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Ambar Kulshreshtha
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julia L Sheffler
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Lilah Besser
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Valerie Daniel
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Magdalena I Tolea
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Justin Miller
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Christine Musyimi
- Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Veronica Yank
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Christine L Williams
- C.E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Zahra Rahemi
- Clemson School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - JuYoung Park
- Sandler School of Social Work, College of Social Work and Criminal Justice, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert L Newton
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Jason D Flatt
- School of Public Health, Department of Social & Behavioral Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Sonakshi Arora
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Sarah Walter
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Percy Griffin
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Alzheimer's Clinical Trials Consortium, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ganesh M Babulal
- Scientific Engagement, Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Lopera F, Custodio N, Rico-Restrepo M, Allegri RF, Barrientos JD, Garcia Batres E, Calandri IL, Calero Moscoso C, Caramelli P, Duran Quiroz JC, Jansen AM, Mimenza Alvarado AJ, Nitrini R, Parodi JF, Ramos C, Slachevsky A, Brucki SMD. A task force for diagnosis and treatment of people with Alzheimer's disease in Latin America. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1198869. [PMID: 37497015 PMCID: PMC10367107 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1198869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a substantial burden to patients, their caregivers, health systems, and society in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This impact is exacerbated by limited access to diagnosis, specialized care, and therapies for AD within and among nations. The region has varied geographic, ethnic, cultural, and economic conditions, which create unique challenges to AD diagnosis and management. To address these issues, the Americas Health Foundation convened a panel of eight neurologists, geriatricians, and psychiatrists from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru who are experts in AD for a three-day virtual meeting to discuss best practices for AD diagnosis and treatment in LAC and create a manuscript offering recommendations to address identified barriers. In LAC, several barriers hamper diagnosing and treating people with dementia. These barriers include access to healthcare, fragmented healthcare systems, limited research funding, unstandardized diagnosis and treatment, genetic heterogeneity, and varying social determinants of health. Additional training for physicians and other healthcare workers at the primary care level, region-specific or adequately adapted cognitive tests, increased public healthcare insurance coverage of testing and treatment, and dedicated search strategies to detect populations with gene variants associated with AD are among the recommendations to improve the landscape of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nilton Custodio
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ricardo F. Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Instituto Neurológico Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Estuardo Garcia Batres
- Geriatric Unit, New Hope, Interior Hospital Atención Medica Siloé, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Ismael L. Calandri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Instituto Neurológico Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Calero Moscoso
- Department of Neurology, HCAM Memory and Behavior Unit, University of Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin HCAM, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Duran Quiroz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology Division, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - Alberto José Mimenza Alvarado
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Neurological Geriatrics Program, Department of Geriatrics, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose F. Parodi
- Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudia Ramos
- Antioquia Neurosciences Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia María Dozzi Brucki
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Yan X, Chen X, Shan Z, Bi L. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Mitochondria-targeting Exosomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.04.547719. [PMID: 37461660 PMCID: PMC10349970 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.04.547719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in both brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases, leading to various cellular abnormalities that can promote tumor growth and resistance to thera-pies, as well as impaired energy production and compromised neuronal function. Developing targeted therapies aimed at restoring mitochondrial function and improving overall cellular health could potentially be a promising approach to treating these conditions. Brain-derived exosomes (BR-EVs) have emerged as potential drug delivery vessels for neurological conditions. Herein, we report a new method for creating mitochondria-targeting exosomes and test its application in vitro and in vivo.
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Britton GB, Okonkwo OC. A fresh look at the multi-level social determinants of disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12481. [PMID: 37719283 PMCID: PMC10504580 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle B. Britton
- Centro de NeurocienciasInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP)Panamá CityPanamá
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Department of Medicine and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
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