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Kaleem M, Kayali A, Sheikh RA, Kuerban A, Hassan MA, Almalki NAR, Al-Abbasi FA, Anwar F, Omran Z, Alhosin M. In Vitro and In Vivo Preventive Effects of Thymoquinone against Breast Cancer: Role of DNMT1. Molecules 2024; 29:434. [PMID: 38257347 PMCID: PMC10819256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women and is a major cause of female cancer-related deaths. BC is a multifactorial disease caused by the dysregulation of many genes, raising the need to find novel drugs that function by targeting several signaling pathways. The antitumoral drug thymoquinone (TQ), found in black seed oil, has multitargeting properties against several signaling pathways. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of TQ on the MCF7 and T47D human breast cancer cell lines and its antitumor activity against BC induced by a single oral dose (65 mg/kg) of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in female rats. The therapeutic activity was evaluated in DMBA-treated rats who received oral TQ (50 mg/kg) three times weekly. TQ-treated MCF7 and T47D cells showed concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. TQ also decreased the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in both cancer cell types. In DMBA-treated animals, TQ inhibited the number of liver and kidney metastases. These effects were associated with a reduction in DNMT1 mRNA expression. These results indicate that TQ has protective effects against breast carcinogens through epigenetic mechanisms involving DNMT1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kaleem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (A.K.); (R.A.S.); (A.K.); (M.A.H.); (N.A.R.A.); (F.A.A.-A.); (F.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440037, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asaad Kayali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (A.K.); (R.A.S.); (A.K.); (M.A.H.); (N.A.R.A.); (F.A.A.-A.); (F.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ryan A. Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (A.K.); (R.A.S.); (A.K.); (M.A.H.); (N.A.R.A.); (F.A.A.-A.); (F.A.)
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abudukadeer Kuerban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (A.K.); (R.A.S.); (A.K.); (M.A.H.); (N.A.R.A.); (F.A.A.-A.); (F.A.)
| | - Mohammed A. Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (A.K.); (R.A.S.); (A.K.); (M.A.H.); (N.A.R.A.); (F.A.A.-A.); (F.A.)
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla P.O. Box 8892, Yemen
| | - Naif Abdullah R. Almalki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (A.K.); (R.A.S.); (A.K.); (M.A.H.); (N.A.R.A.); (F.A.A.-A.); (F.A.)
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (A.K.); (R.A.S.); (A.K.); (M.A.H.); (N.A.R.A.); (F.A.A.-A.); (F.A.)
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (A.K.); (R.A.S.); (A.K.); (M.A.H.); (N.A.R.A.); (F.A.A.-A.); (F.A.)
| | - Ziad Omran
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdelaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guards-Health Affairs, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (A.K.); (R.A.S.); (A.K.); (M.A.H.); (N.A.R.A.); (F.A.A.-A.); (F.A.)
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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