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Mora P, Chapouly C. Astrogliosis in multiple sclerosis and neuro-inflammation: what role for the notch pathway? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254586. [PMID: 37936690 PMCID: PMC10627009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system leading to neurodegeneration. It affects 2.3 million people worldwide, generally younger than 50. There is no known cure for the disease, and current treatment options - mainly immunotherapies to limit disease progression - are few and associated with serious side effects. In multiple sclerosis, disruption of the blood-brain barrier is an early event in the pathogenesis of lesions, predisposing to edema, excito-toxicity and inflammatory infiltration into the central nervous system. Recently, the vision of the blood brain barrier structure and integrity has changed and include contributions from all components of the neurovascular unit, among which astrocytes. During neuro-inflammation, astrocytes become reactive. They undergo morphological and molecular changes named "astrogliosis" driving the conversion from acute inflammatory injury to a chronic neurodegenerative state. Astrogliosis mechanisms are minimally explored despite their significance in regulating the autoimmune response during multiple sclerosis. Therefore, in this review, we take stock of the state of knowledge regarding astrogliosis in neuro-inflammation and highlight the central role of NOTCH signaling in the process of astrocyte reactivity. Indeed, a very detailed nomenclature published in nature neurosciences in 2021, listing all the reactive astrocyte markers fully identified in the literature, doesn't cover the NOTCH signaling. Hence, we discuss evidence supporting NOTCH1 receptor as a central regulator of astrogliosis in the pathophysiology of neuro-inflammation, notably multiple sclerosis, in human and experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mora
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
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Yoshihara M, Takahashi S. Recent advances in in situ Notch signaling measurement. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1244105. [PMID: 37576594 PMCID: PMC10416437 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1244105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is necessary for the development of many organ systems, including the nervous system, biliary system, and visual and auditory sensory systems. This signaling pathway is composed of DSL ligands and Notch receptors. Upon the interaction of those components between neighboring cells, the intracellular domain of the Notch receptor is cleaved from the cell membrane to act as a transcription factor. To date, many mechanistic insights, including lateral inhibition and lateral induction, have been proposed from observation of patterning morphogenesis and expression profiles of Notch signaling-associated molecules. The lack of a direct measurement method for Notch signaling, however, has impeded the examination of those mechanistic insights. In this mini-review, recent advances in the direct measurement of Notch signaling are introduced with a focus on the application of genetic modification of Notch receptors with the components of the Cre/loxP system and Gal4/UAS system. The combination of such conventional genetic techniques is opening a new era in Notch signaling biology by direct visualization of Notch "signaling" in addition to Notch signaling-associated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Yoshihara
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Sambe N, Yoshihara M, Nishino T, Sugiura R, Nakayama T, Louis C, Takahashi S. Analysis of Notch1 signaling in mammalian sperm development. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:108. [PMID: 37337280 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A mammalian Delta-Notch signaling component, Notch1, has been suggested for its expression during the normal sperm development although its conditional deletion caused no apparent abnormalities. Since we established our original transgenic mouse system that enabled labeling of past and ongoing Notch1 signaling at a cellular level, we tried to validate that observation in vivo. Our transgenic mouse system used Cre/loxP system to induce tandem dsRed expression upon Notch1 signaling. RESULTS To our surprise, we were unable to observe tandem dsRed expression in the seminiferous tubules where the sperms developed. In addition, tandem dsRed expression was lacking in the somatic cells of the next generation in our transgenic mouse system, suggesting that sperms received no Notch1 signaling during their development. To validate this result, we conducted re-analysis of four single-cell RNA-seq datasets from mouse and human testes and showed that Notch1 expression was little in the sperm cell lineage. Collectively, our results posed a question into the involvement of Notch1 in the normal sperm development although this observation may help the interpretation of the previous result that Notch1 conditional deletion caused no apparent abnormalities in murine spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Sambe
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masaharu Yoshihara
- PhD Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1- 1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Teppei Nishino
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Medical Education and Training, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, 1-3-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8558, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sugiura
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakayama
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chandra Louis
- PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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Sugiura R, Nakayama T, Nishino T, Sambe N, Radtke F, Yoshihara M, Takahashi S. Notch1 signaling is limited in healthy mature kidneys in vivo. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 37069662 PMCID: PMC10111784 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Delta-Notch signaling component, Notch1, is involved in the normal development and multiple disorders of the kidney. Although the increase in Notch1 signaling is crucial to these pathogeneses, the basal signaling level in 'healthy' mature kidneys is still unclear. To address this question, we used an artificial Notch1 receptor fused with Gal4/UAS components in addition to the Cre/loxP system and fluorescent proteins in mice. This transgenic reporter mouse system enabled labeling of past and ongoing Notch1 signaling with tdsRed or Cre recombinase, respectively. RESULTS We confirmed that our transgenic reporter mouse system mimicked the previously reported Notch1 signaling pattern. Using this successful system, we infrequently observed cells with ongoing Notch1 signaling only in Bowman's capsule and tubules. We consider that Notch1 activation in several lines of disease model mice was pathologically significant itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sugiura
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakayama
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Teppei Nishino
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
- Department of Medical Education and Training, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, 1-3-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8558 Japan
| | - Naoto Sambe
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Freddy Radtke
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), SV 2534 (Bâtiment SV) Station 19, Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Masaharu Yoshihara
- PhD Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1- 1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577 Japan
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
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Yoshihara M, Nishino T, Sambe N, Nayakama T, Radtke F, Mizuno S, Takahashi S. Generation of a Gal4-dependent gene recombination and illuminating mouse. Exp Anim 2022; 71:385-390. [PMID: 35444103 PMCID: PMC9388339 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell labeling technologies, including the Cre/loxP system, are powerful tools in developmental biology. Although the conventional Cre/loxP system has been extensively used to label the
expression of specific genes, it is less frequently used for labeling protein-protein interactions owing to technical difficulties. In the present study, we generated a new Gal4-dependent
transgenic reporter mouse line that expressed Cre recombinase and a near-infrared fluorescent protein, miRFP670. To examine whether this newly generated transgenic mouse line is applicable
in labeling of protein-protein interaction, we used a previously reported transgenic mouse lines that express Notch1 receptor with its intracellular domain replaced with a yeast
transcription factor, Gal4. Upon the binding of this artificial Notch1 receptor and endogenous Notch1 ligands, Gal4 would be cleaved from the cell membrane to induce expression of Cre
recombinase and miRFP670. Indeed, we observed miRFP670 signal in the mouse embryos (embryonic day 14.5). In addition, we examined whether our Cre recombinase was functional by using another
transgenic mouse line that express dsRed after Cre-mediated recombination. We observed dsRed signal in small intestine epithelial cells where Notch1 signal was suggested to be involved in
the crypt stem cell maintenance, suggesting that our Cre recombinase was functional. As our newly generated mouse line required only the functioning of Gal4, it could be useful for labeling
several types of molecular activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Yoshihara
- Ph.D. Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba
| | - Teppei Nishino
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Naoto Sambe
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Takahiro Nayakama
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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Magnusson JP, Goritz C, Tatarishvili J, Dias DO, Smith EMK, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z, Frisen J. A latent neurogenic program in astrocytes regulated by Notch signaling in the mouse. Science 2014; 346:237-41. [DOI: 10.1126/science.346.6206.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Germann M, Xu H, Malaterre J, Sampurno S, Huyghe M, Cheasley D, Fre S, Ramsay RG. Tripartite interactions between Wnt signaling, Notch and Myb for stem/progenitor cell functions during intestinal tumorigenesis. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:355-66. [PMID: 25290188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion studies confirm Wnt, Notch and Myb transcriptional pathway engagement in intestinal tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, their contrasting and combined roles when activated have not been elucidated. This is important as these pathways are not ablated but rather are aberrantly activated during carcinogenesis. Using ApcMin/+ mice as a source of organoids we documented their transition, on a clone-by-clone basis, to cyst-like spheres with constitutively activated Wnt pathway, increased self-renewal and growth and reduced differentiation. We then looked at this transition when Myb and/or Notch1 are activated. Activated Notch promoted cyst-like organoids. Conversely growth and propagation of cyst-like, but not normal organoids were Notch-independent. Activated Myb promoted normal, but not cyst-like organoids. Interestingly the Wnt, Notch and Myb pathways were all involved in regulating the expression of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) gene Lgr5 in organoids, while ISC gene and Notch target Olfm4 was dominantly repressed by Wnt. These findings parallel mouse intestinal adenoma formation where Notch promoted the initiation, but not growth, of Wnt-driven Olfm4-repressed colon tumors. Also Myb was essential for colon tumor initiation and collateral mouse pathologies. These data reveal the complex interplay and hierarchy of transcriptional networks that operate in ISCs and uncover a shift in pathway-dependencies during tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Germann
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huiling Xu
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jordane Malaterre
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shienny Sampurno
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mathilde Huyghe
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris 75248, Cedex 05, France
| | - Dane Cheasley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Silvia Fre
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris 75248, Cedex 05, France
| | - Robert G Ramsay
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
Several laboratories have developed genetic methods to monitor Notch activity in developing and adult mice. These approaches have been useful in identifying Notch signaling with high temporal and spatial resolution. This research has contributed substantially to our understanding of the role of Notch in cell specification and cellular physiology. Here, we present two protocols to monitor Notch activity in the mouse brain: (1) by intraventricular electroporation and (2) by intracranial viral injections of Notch reporter constructs. These methods allow monitoring of Notch signaling in specific brain regions from development to adulthood. In addition, using the appropriate modifications, the Notch reporter systems can also be used to monitor Notch activity in other organs of the mouse such as retina, skin, skeletal muscle, and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swananda Marathe
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Rue A-Gockel 1, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Gridley T, Groves AK. Overview of genetic tools and techniques to study Notch signaling in mice. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1187:47-61. [PMID: 25053480 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1139-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations of Notch signaling in humans cause both congenital and acquired defects and cancers. Genetically engineered mice provide the most efficient and cost-effective models to study Notch signaling in a mammalian system. Here, we review the various types of genetic models, tools, and strategies to study Notch signaling in mice, and provide examples of their use. We also provide advice on breeding strategies for conditional mutant mice, and a protocol for tamoxifen administration to mouse strains expressing inducible Cre recombinase-estrogen receptor fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gridley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA,
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Alberi L, Hoey SE, Brai E, Scotti AL, Marathe S. Notch signaling in the brain: in good and bad times. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:801-14. [PMID: 23570941 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which is fundamental for neuronal development and specification. In the last decade, increasing evidence has pointed out an important role of this pathway beyond embryonic development, indicating that Notch also displays a critical function in the mature brain of vertebrates and invertebrates. This pathway appears to be involved in neural progenitor regulation, neuronal connectivity, synaptic plasticity and learning/memory. In addition, Notch appears to be aberrantly regulated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and ischemic injury. The molecular mechanisms by which Notch displays these functions in the mature brain are not fully understood, but are currently the subject of intense research. In this review, we will discuss old and novel Notch targets and molecular mediators that contribute to Notch function in the mature brain and will summarize recent findings that explore the two facets of Notch signaling in brain physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Alberi
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Notch signaling has been shown over the past few decades to play fundamental roles in a plethora of developmental processes in an evolutionarily conserved fashion. Notch-mediated cell-to-cell signaling is involved in many aspects of embryonic development and control of tissue homeostasis in a variety of adult tissues, and regulates stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation and cellular homeostasis. The focus of this Review is the role of Notch signaling in stem cells, comparing insights from flies, fish and mice to highlight similarities, as well as differences, between species, tissues and stem cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Koch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Life Science, SwissInstitute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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