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Strong A, Rao S, von Hardenberg S, Li D, Cox LL, Lee PC, Zhang LQ, Awotoye W, Diamond T, Gold J, Gooch C, Gowans LJJ, Hakonarson H, Hing A, Loomes K, Martin N, Marazita ML, Mononen T, Piccoli D, Pfundt R, Raskin S, Scherer SW, Sobriera N, Vaccaro C, Wang X, Watson D, Weksberg R, Bhoj E, Murray JC, Lidral AC, Butali A, Buckley MF, Roscioli T, Koolen DA, Seaver LH, Prows CA, Stottmann RW, Cox TC. A mutational hotspot in AMOTL1 defines a new syndrome of orofacial clefting, cardiac anomalies, and tall stature. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1227-1239. [PMID: 36751037 PMCID: PMC10081944 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AMOTL1 encodes angiomotin-like protein 1, an actin-binding protein that regulates cell polarity, adhesion, and migration. The role of AMOTL1 in human disease is equivocal. We report a large cohort of individuals harboring heterozygous AMOTL1 variants and define a core phenotype of orofacial clefting, congenital heart disease, tall stature, auricular anomalies, and gastrointestinal manifestations in individuals with variants in AMOTL1 affecting amino acids 157-161, a functionally undefined but highly conserved region. Three individuals with AMOTL1 variants outside this region are also described who had variable presentations with orofacial clefting and multi-organ disease. Our case cohort suggests that heterozygous missense variants in AMOTL1, most commonly affecting amino acid residues 157-161, define a new orofacial clefting syndrome, and indicates an important functional role for this undefined region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Strong
- The Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Soumya Rao
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Dong Li
- The Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liza L. Cox
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Paul C. Lee
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Li Q. Zhang
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Waheed Awotoye
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Tamir Diamond
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jessica Gold
- The Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine Gooch
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Lord Jephthah Joojo Gowans
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkurumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Hing
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathleen Loomes
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nicole Martin
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics and Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tarja Mononen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David Piccoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Salmo Raskin
- Assistance Center for Cleft Lip and Palate (CAIF), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre and Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nara Sobriera
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Courtney Vaccaro
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiang Wang
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah Watson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, and Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- The Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics and Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Azeez Butali
- Departments of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry & Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael F. Buckley
- NSW Health Pathology Genomics Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- NSW Health Pathology Genomics Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - David A. Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurie H. Seaver
- Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Cynthia A. Prows
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Patient Services, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rolf W. Stottmann
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Patient Services, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Steve & Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy C. Cox
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, USA
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2
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Khalaf-Nazzal R, Fasham J, Inskeep KA, Blizzard LE, Leslie JS, Wakeling MN, Ubeyratna N, Mitani T, Griffith JL, Baker W, Al-Hijawi F, Keough KC, Gezdirici A, Pena L, Spaeth CG, Turnpenny PD, Walsh JR, Ray R, Neilson A, Kouranova E, Cui X, Curiel DT, Pehlivan D, Akdemir ZC, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Dobyns WB, Stottmann RW, Crosby AH, Baple EL. Bi-allelic CAMSAP1 variants cause a clinically recognizable neuronal migration disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:2068-2079. [PMID: 36283405 PMCID: PMC9674946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-centrosomal microtubules are essential cytoskeletal filaments that are important for neurite formation, axonal transport, and neuronal migration. They require stabilization by microtubule minus-end-targeting proteins including the CAMSAP family of molecules. Using exome sequencing on samples from five unrelated families, we show that bi-allelic CAMSAP1 loss-of-function variants cause a clinically recognizable, syndromic neuronal migration disorder. The cardinal clinical features of the syndrome include a characteristic craniofacial appearance, primary microcephaly, severe neurodevelopmental delay, cortical visual impairment, and seizures. The neuroradiological phenotype comprises a highly recognizable combination of classic lissencephaly with a posterior more severe than anterior gradient similar to PAFAH1B1(LIS1)-related lissencephaly and severe hypoplasia or absence of the corpus callosum; dysplasia of the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and midbrain; and cerebellar hypodysplasia, similar to the tubulinopathies, a group of monogenic tubulin-associated disorders of cortical dysgenesis. Neural cell rosette lineages derived from affected individuals displayed findings consistent with these phenotypes, including abnormal morphology, decreased cell proliferation, and neuronal differentiation. Camsap1-null mice displayed increased perinatal mortality, and RNAScope studies identified high expression levels in the brain throughout neurogenesis and in facial structures, consistent with the mouse and human neurodevelopmental and craniofacial phenotypes. Together our findings confirm a fundamental role of CAMSAP1 in neuronal migration and brain development and define bi-allelic variants as a cause of a clinically distinct neurodevelopmental disorder in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Khalaf-Nazzal
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University of Palestine, Jenin P227, Palestine
| | - James Fasham
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Science, RILD building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (Heavitree Hospital), Gladstone Road, Exeter EX1 2ED, UK
| | - Katherine A Inskeep
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Lauren E Blizzard
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joseph S Leslie
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Science, RILD building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Matthew N Wakeling
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Science, RILD building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nishanka Ubeyratna
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Science, RILD building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer L Griffith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wisam Baker
- Paediatrics Department, Dr. Khalil Suleiman Government Hospital, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Fida' Al-Hijawi
- Paediatrics Community Outpatient Clinics, Palestinian Ministry of Health, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Karen C Keough
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX 78723, USA; Child Neurology Consultants of Austin, 7940 Shoal Creek Boulevard, Suite 100, Austin, TX 78757, USA
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, 34480 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Loren Pena
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Christine G Spaeth
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Peter D Turnpenny
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Science, RILD building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (Heavitree Hospital), Gladstone Road, Exeter EX1 2ED, UK
| | - Joseph R Walsh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Randall Ray
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amber Neilson
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Evguenia Kouranova
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Biologic Therapeutics Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Science, RILD building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Emma L Baple
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Science, RILD building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (Heavitree Hospital), Gladstone Road, Exeter EX1 2ED, UK.
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3
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Kirino S, Suzuki M, Ogawa T, Takasawa K, Adachi E, Gau M, Takahashi K, Ikeno M, Yamada M, Suzuki H, Kosaki K, Moriyama K, Yoshida M, Morio T, Kashimada K. Clinical report: Chronic liver dysfunction in an individual with an AMOTL1 variant. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104623. [PMID: 36116699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AMOTL1 is a member of the Motin protein family and localizes to tight junctions and is involved in cell polarity and paracellular permeability. Pathological variants have been reported in three patients from two separate families in recent years. The clinical spectrum includes cleft lip and palate along with a high incidence of congenital cardiac disease and ear malformations. We report a case of AMOTL1 pathogenic variant in a 11-year-old male patient with nonspecific and chronic liver dysfunction accompanied by persistently elevated liver enzymes since early infancy. Liver biopsy at 8 years of age revealed a mildly dilated central vein and sinusoid with no specific etiology. Liver dysfunction is not a known clinical feature of AMOTL1 malfunction. However, given that the protein is known to be involved in angiogenesis, it may be inferred that abnormalities in this process may lead to liver dysfunction. This is the first report of liver dysfunction identified in a patient with AMOTL1 malfunction, which will shed light on other putative functions of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Kirino
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Takasawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Gau
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ikeno
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashimada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Rips J, Mor-Shaked H, Erdin S, Yanovsky-Dagan S, Eventov-Friedman S, Harel T. De novo variant in AMOTL1 in infant with cleft lip and palate, imperforate anus and dysmorphic features. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:190-195. [PMID: 33026150 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AMOTL1 belongs to the Motin family of proteins that are involved in organogenesis and tumorigenesis through regulation of cellular migration, tube formation, and angiogenesis. While involvement of all AMOTs in development or suppression of cancers is relatively well described, little is known about the congenital phenotype of pathogenic variants in these genes in humans. Recently, a heterozygous variant in AMOTL1 was published in association with orofacial clefts and cardiac abnormalities in an affected father and his daughter. However, studies in mice did not recapitulate the human phenotype and the case was summarized as inconclusive. We present a female infant with cleft lip and palate, imperforate anus and dysmorphic features, in whom trio exome sequencing revealed a de novo variant in AMOTL1 affecting a highly conserved amino acid (c.479C>T; p.[Pro160Leu]). Bioinformatic predictions and in silico modeling supported pathogenicity. This case reinforces the conjecture regarding the disruptive effect of pathogenic variants in AMOTL1 on organ formation in humans. Studies of additional families will reveal the full phenotypic spectrum associated with this multiple malformation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rips
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagar Mor-Shaked
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shira Yanovsky-Dagan
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
Understanding the etiology of congenital disorders requires interdisciplinary research and close collaborations between clinicians, geneticists and developmental biologists. The pace of gene discovery has quickened due to advances in sequencing technology, resulting in a wealth of publicly available sequence data but also a gap between gene discovery and crucial mechanistic insights provided by studies in model systems. In this Spotlight, I highlight the opportunities for developmental biologists to engage with human geneticists and genetic resources to advance the study of congenital disorders.
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