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Zhao M, Sun M, Xiong T, Tian S, Liu S. On the link between tree size and ecosystem carbon sequestration capacity across continental forests. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong China
| | - Mengde Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong China
| | - Shihong Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong China
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2
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Height-diameter allometry for tropical forest in northern Amazonia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255197. [PMID: 34914697 PMCID: PMC8675728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Height measurements are essential to manage and monitor forest biomass and carbon stocks. However, accurate estimation of this variable in tropical ecosystems is still difficult due to species heterogeneity and environmental variability. In this article, we compare and discuss six nonlinear allometric models parameterized at different scales (local, regional and pantropical). We also evaluate the height measurements obtained in the field by the hypsometer when compared with the true tree height. We used a dataset composed of 180 harvested trees in two distinct areas located in the Amapá State. The functional form of the Weibull model was the best local model, showing similar performance to the pantropical model. The inaccuracy detected in the hypsometer estimates reinforces the importance of incorporating new technologies in measuring individual tree heights. Establishing accurate allometric models requires knowledge of ecophysiological and environmental processes that govern vegetation dynamics and tree height growth. It is essential to investigate the influence of different species and ecological gradients on the diameter/height ratio.
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Qiu T, Aravena MC, Andrus R, Ascoli D, Bergeron Y, Berretti R, Bogdziewicz M, Boivin T, Bonal R, Caignard T, Calama R, Julio Camarero J, Clark CJ, Courbaud B, Delzon S, Donoso Calderon S, Farfan-Rios W, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Greenberg CH, Guo Q, Hille Ris Lambers J, Hoshizaki K, Ibanez I, Journé V, Kilner CL, Kobe RK, Koenig WD, Kunstler G, LaMontagne JM, Ledwon M, Lutz JA, Motta R, Myers JA, Nagel TA, Nuñez CL, Pearse IS, Piechnik Ł, Poulsen JR, Poulton-Kamakura R, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Scher CL, Schmidt Van Marle H, Seget B, Sharma S, Silman M, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Uriarte M, Vacchiano G, Veblen TT, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wion AP, Wright SJ, Zhu K, Zimmerman JK, Żywiec M, Clark JS. Is there tree senescence? The fecundity evidence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106130118. [PMID: 34400503 PMCID: PMC8403963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106130118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its importance for forest regeneration, food webs, and human economies, changes in tree fecundity with tree size and age remain largely unknown. The allometric increase with tree diameter assumed in ecological models would substantially overestimate seed contributions from large trees if fecundity eventually declines with size. Current estimates are dominated by overrepresentation of small trees in regression models. We combined global fecundity data, including a substantial representation of large trees. We compared size-fecundity relationships against traditional allometric scaling with diameter and two models based on crown architecture. All allometric models fail to describe the declining rate of increase in fecundity with diameter found for 80% of 597 species in our analysis. The strong evidence of declining fecundity, beyond what can be explained by crown architectural change, is consistent with physiological decline. A downward revision of projected fecundity of large trees can improve the next generation of forest dynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qiu
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Marie-Claire Aravena
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), La Pintana, 8820808 Santiago, Chile
| | - Robert Andrus
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC H2L 2C4, Canada
| | - Roberta Berretti
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Michal Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Thomas Boivin
- l'Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Raul Bonal
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Caignard
- Université Bordeaux, l'Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Rafael Calama
- Centro de Investigación Forestal - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CIFOR), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Connie J Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Benoit Courbaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, l'Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystémes et Sociétés En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402 St.-Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Université Bordeaux, l'Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Sergio Donoso Calderon
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), La Pintana, 8820808 Santiago, Chile
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011
| | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Cathryn H Greenberg
- Bent Creek Experimental Forest, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Asheville, NC 28801
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Janneke Hille Ris Lambers
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kazuhiko Hoshizaki
- Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Ines Ibanez
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Valentin Journé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, l'Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystémes et Sociétés En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402 St.-Martin-d'Heres, France
| | | | - Richard K Kobe
- Department of Plant Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Walter D Koenig
- Hastings Reservation, University of California Berkeley, Carmel Valley, CA 93924
| | - Georges Kunstler
- Université Grenoble Alpes, l'Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystémes et Sociétés En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402 St.-Martin-d'Heres, France
| | | | - Mateusz Ledwon
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-016 Krakow, Poland
| | - James A Lutz
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
- Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Renzo Motta
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Chase L Nuñez
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ian S Pearse
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO 80526
| | - Łukasz Piechnik
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-512 Krakow, Poland
| | - John R Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | | | - Miranda D Redmond
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Chantal D Reid
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Kyle C Rodman
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - C Lane Scher
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Harald Schmidt Van Marle
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), La Pintana, 8820808 Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Seget
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-512 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shubhi Sharma
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106
| | | | - Margaret Swift
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Giorgio Vacchiano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Territory, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas T Veblen
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Amy V Whipple
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011
| | - Andreas P Wion
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, United States 00936
| | - Magdalena Żywiec
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-512 Krakow, Poland
| | - James S Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708;
- Université Grenoble Alpes, l'Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystémes et Sociétés En Montagne (LESSEM), 38402 St.-Martin-d'Heres, France
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Height–diameter allometry in African monodominant forest close to mixed forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467421000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAfrican monodominant forests are frequently formed by Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (De Wild.) J. Leonard and commonly found close to mixed forests. However, previous studies have ignored differences between these two forest types in height–diameter allometry, which is extremely important for aboveground biomass (AGB) estimates. This study aims to evaluate the performance of height–diameter models and their effects on height attributes and AGB estimations in African monodominant and mixed forests. Four 1-ha plots divided in 16 subplots (0.25 ha) were installed in each forest type in northern Republic of Congo. We measured diameter of all trees ≥ 10 cm diameter for each subplot and we measured the height of 264 trees over a large range of 7–64 m in two forest types. There was a significant difference in height–diameter allometry between two forest types and trees were taller and had greater AGB in monodominant forests than in mixed forests. Two height–diameter models from the literature generated the lowest error values when predicting tree height and AGB in mixed forests, whereas no model derived from the literature was appropriate for monodominant forests. The variation in height–diameter allometry between monodominant and mixed forests influences AGB estimates that have practical implications for carbon monitoring.
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Zhao M, Tian S, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zeng S, Liu S. Allometric relationships, functional differentiations, and scaling of growth rates across 151 tree species in China. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
| | - Shihong Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
| | - Suping Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
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6
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LiDAR Applications to Estimate Forest Biomass at Individual Tree Scale: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Perspectives. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate forest biomass estimation at the individual tree scale is the foundation of timber industry and forest management. It plays an important role in explaining ecological issues and small-scale processes. Remotely sensed images, across a range of spatial and temporal resolutions, with their advantages of non-destructive monitoring, are widely applied in forest biomass monitoring at global, ecoregion or community scales. However, the development of remote sensing applications for forest biomass at the individual tree scale has been relatively slow due to the constraints of spatial resolution and evaluation accuracy of remotely sensed data. With the improvements in platforms and spatial resolutions, as well as the development of remote sensing techniques, the potential for forest biomass estimation at the single tree level has been demonstrated. However, a comprehensive review of remote sensing of forest biomass scaled at individual trees has not been done. This review highlights the theoretical bases, challenges and future perspectives for Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) applications of individual trees scaled to whole forests. We summarize research on estimating individual tree volume and aboveground biomass (AGB) using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Laser Scanning (UAV-LS) and Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS, including Vehicle-borne Laser Scanning (VLS) and Backpack Laser Scanning (BLS)) data.
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Philipson CD, Cutler MEJ, Brodrick PG, Asner GP, Boyd DS, Moura Costa P, Fiddes J, Foody GM, van der Heijden GMF, Ledo A, Lincoln PR, Margrove JA, Martin RE, Milne S, Pinard MA, Reynolds G, Snoep M, Tangki H, Sau Wai Y, Wheeler CE, Burslem DFRP. Active restoration accelerates the carbon recovery of human-modified
tropical forests. Science 2020; 369:838-841. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
More than half of all tropical forests are degraded by human impacts,
leaving them threatened with conversion to agricultural plantations and
risking substantial biodiversity and carbon losses. Restoration could
accelerate recovery of aboveground carbon density (ACD), but adoption of
restoration is constrained by cost and uncertainties over effectiveness. We
report a long-term comparison of ACD recovery rates between naturally
regenerating and actively restored logged tropical forests. Restoration
enhanced decadal ACD recovery by more than 50%, from 2.9 to 4.4 megagrams
per hectare per year. This magnitude of response, coupled with modal values
of restoration costs globally, would require higher carbon prices to justify
investment in restoration. However, carbon prices required to fulfill the
2016 Paris climate agreement [$40 to $80 (USD) per tonne carbon dioxide
equivalent] would provide an economic justification for tropical forest
restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Philipson
- School of Social Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Philip G. Brodrick
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Gregory P. Asner
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Doreen S. Boyd
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pedro Moura Costa
- Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Joel Fiddes
- Mountainsense Consulting, 7249 Serneus, Switzerland
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, CH-7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Giles M. Foody
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Alicia Ledo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | | | - James A. Margrove
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roberta E. Martin
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sol Milne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Michelle A. Pinard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Glen Reynolds
- South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership, Danum Valley Field Centre, Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Hamzah Tangki
- Conservation & Environmental Management Division, Yayasan Sabah Group, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yap Sau Wai
- Conservation & Environmental Management Division, Yayasan Sabah Group, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Ngute ASK, Sonké B, Nsanyi Sainge M, Calders K, Marchant R, Cuni‐Sanchez A. Investigating above‐ground biomass in old‐growth and secondary montane forests of the Cameroon Highlands. Afr J Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Senghor K. Ngute
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs QLD Australia
- Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory Department of Biology Higher Teachers' Training College University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
| | | | - Kim Calders
- CAVElab – Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Belgium
| | - Rob Marchant
- Department of Geography and Environment York Institute for Tropical Ecosystems Wentworth Way, University of York Heslington UK
| | - Aida Cuni‐Sanchez
- Department of Geography and Environment York Institute for Tropical Ecosystems Wentworth Way, University of York Heslington UK
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO USA
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9
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Thinning Effects on the Tree Height–Diameter Allometry of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.). FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10121129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The stem height–diameter allometric relationship is fundamental in determining forest and ecosystem structures as well as in estimating tree volume, biomass, and carbon stocks. Understanding the effects of silvicultural practices on tree height–diameter allometry is necessary for sustainable forest management, though the impact of measures such as thinning on the allometric relationship remain understudied. In the present study, the effects of thinning on tree height–diameter allometry were evaluated using Masson pine height and diameter growth data from a plantation experiment that included unthinned and thinned treatments with different intensities. To determine whether thinning altered the height–diameter allometry rhythm, the optimal height–diameter model was identified and dummy variable methods were used to investigate the differences among model parameters for different thinning treatments. Periodic (annual) allometric coefficients were calculated based on height and diameter increment data and were modeled using the generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) to further illustrate the response of tree height–diameter allometry to different thinning treatments over time. Significant differences were detected among the parameters of the optimal height–diameter model (power function) for different thinning treatments, which indicated that the pattern of the height–diameter allometry relationship of Masson pine was indeed altered by thinning treatments. Results also indicated a nonlinear trend in the allometric relationship through time which was significantly affected by thinning. The height–diameter allometric coefficient exhibited a unimodal convex bell curve with time in unthinned plots, and thinning significantly interfered with the original trend of the height–diameter allometric coefficient. Thinning caused trees to increase diameter growth at the expense of height growth, resulting in a decrease of the ratio of tree height to diameter, and this trend was more obvious as the thinning intensity increased.
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10
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Beirne C, Miao Z, Nuñez CL, Medjibe VP, Saatchi S, White LJT, Poulsen JR. Landscape-level validation of allometric relationships for carbon stock estimation reveals bias driven by soil type. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01987. [PMID: 31359463 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation of climate change depends on accurate estimation and mapping of terrestrial carbon stocks, particularly in carbon dense tropical forests. Allometric equations can be used to robustly estimate biomass of tropical trees, but often require tree height, which is frequently unknown. Researchers and practitioners must, therefore, decide whether to directly measure a subset of tree heights to develop diameter : height (D:H) equations or rely on previously published generic equations. To date, studies comparing the two approaches have been spatially restricted and/or not randomly allocated across the landscape of interest, making the implications of deciding whether or not to measure tree heights difficult to determine. To address this issue, we use inventory data from a systematic-random forest inventory across Gabon (102 forest sites; 42,627 trees, including 7,036 height-measured trees). Using plot-specific models of D:H as a benchmark, we compare the performance of a suite of locally fitted and commonly used generic models (parameterized national, georegional, and pantropical equations) across a variety of scales, and assess which abiotic, anthropogenic, and topographical covariates contribute the most to bias in height estimation. We reveal marked spatial structure in the magnitude and direction of bias in tree height estimation using all generic models, due at least in part to soil type, which compounded to substantial error in site-level AGB estimates (of up to 38% or 150 Mg/ha). However, two generic pantropical models (Chave 2014; Feldpausch 2012) converged to within 2.5% of mean AGB at the landscape scale. Our results suggest that some (not all) pantropical equations can extrapolate AGB across large spatial scales with minimal bias in estimated mean AGB. However, extreme caution must be taken when interpreting the AGB estimates from generic models at the site-level as they fail to capture substantial spatial variation in D:H relationships, which could lead to dramatic under- or over-estimation of site-level carbon stocks. Validated allometric models derived at site- or soil-type-levels may be the best way to reduce such biases arising from landscape-level heterogeneity in D:H model fit in the Afrotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Beirne
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Z Miao
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - C L Nuñez
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - V P Medjibe
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - S Saatchi
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, 91109, USA
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - L J T White
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Batterie IV, BP. 20379, Libreville, Gabon
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, BP. 13354, Libreville, Gabon
- African Forest Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - J R Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
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11
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Performance of Laser-Based Electronic Devices for Structural Analysis of Amazonian Terra-Firme Forests. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tropical vegetation biomass represents a key component of the carbon stored in global forest ecosystems. Estimates of aboveground biomass commonly rely on measurements of tree size (diameter and height) and then indirectly relate, via allometric relationships and wood density, to biomass sampled from a relatively small number of harvested and weighed trees. Recently, however, novel in situ remote sensing techniques have been proposed, which may provide nondestructive alternative approaches to derive biomass estimates. Nonetheless, we still lack knowledge of the measurement uncertainties, as both the calibration and validation of estimates using different techniques and instruments requires consistent assessment of the underlying errors. To that end, we investigate different approaches estimating the tropical aboveground biomass in situ. We quantify the total and systematic errors among measurements obtained from terrestrial light detection and ranging (LiDAR), hypsometer-based trigonometry, and traditional forest inventory. We show that laser-based estimates of aboveground biomass are in good agreement (<10% measurement uncertainty) with traditional measurements. However, relative uncertainties vary among the allometric equations based on the vegetation parameters used for parameterization. We report the error metrics for measurements of tree diameter and tree height and discuss the consequences for estimated biomass. Despite methodological differences detected in this study, we conclude that laser-based electronic devices could complement conventional measurement techniques, thereby potentially improving estimates of tropical vegetation biomass.
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12
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Sullivan MJP, Lewis SL, Hubau W, Qie L, Baker TR, Banin LF, Chave J, Cuni-Sanchez A, Feldpausch TR, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Arets E, Ashton P, Bastin JF, Berry NJ, Bogaert J, Boot R, Brearley FQ, Brienen R, Burslem DFRP, de Canniere C, Chudomelová M, Dančák M, Ewango C, Hédl R, Lloyd J, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Marimon BS, Junior BHM, Metali F, Moore S, Nagy L, Vargas PN, Pendry CA, Ramírez-Angulo H, Reitsma J, Rutishauser E, Salim KA, Sonké B, Sukri RS, Sunderland T, Svátek M, Umunay PM, Martinez RV, Vernimmen RRE, Torre EV, Vleminckx J, Vos V, Phillips OL. Field methods for sampling tree height for tropical forest biomass estimation. Methods Ecol Evol 2018; 9:1179-1189. [PMID: 29938017 PMCID: PMC5993227 DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the relationship between tree diameter and height is a key component of efforts to estimate biomass and carbon stocks in tropical forests. Although substantial site-to-site variation in height-diameter allometries has been documented, the time consuming nature of measuring all tree heights in an inventory plot means that most studies do not include height, or else use generic pan-tropical or regional allometric equations to estimate height.Using a pan-tropical dataset of 73 plots where at least 150 trees had in-field ground-based height measurements, we examined how the number of trees sampled affects the performance of locally derived height-diameter allometries, and evaluated the performance of different methods for sampling trees for height measurement.Using cross-validation, we found that allometries constructed with just 20 locally measured values could often predict tree height with lower error than regional or climate-based allometries (mean reduction in prediction error = 0.46 m). The predictive performance of locally derived allometries improved with sample size, but with diminishing returns in performance gains when more than 40 trees were sampled. Estimates of stand-level biomass produced using local allometries to estimate tree height show no over- or under-estimation bias when compared with biomass estimates using field measured heights. We evaluated five strategies to sample trees for height measurement, and found that sampling strategies that included measuring the heights of the ten largest diameter trees in a plot outperformed (in terms of resulting in local height-diameter models with low height prediction error) entirely random or diameter size-class stratified approaches.Our results indicate that even limited sampling of heights can be used to refine height-diameter allometries. We recommend aiming for a conservative threshold of sampling 50 trees per location for height measurement, and including the ten trees with the largest diameter in this sample.
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13
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Liu M, Feng Z, Zhang Z, Ma C, Wang M, Lian BL, Sun R, Zhang L. Development and evaluation of height diameter at breast models for native Chinese Metasequoia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182170. [PMID: 28817600 PMCID: PMC5560716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate tree height and diameter at breast height (dbh) are important input variables for growth and yield models. A total of 5503 Chinese Metasequoia trees were used in this study. We studied 53 fitted models, of which 7 were linear models and 46 were non-linear models. These models were divided into two groups of single models and multivariate models according to the number of independent variables. The results show that the allometry equation of tree height which has diameter at breast height as independent variable can better reflect the change of tree height; in addition the prediction accuracy of the multivariate composite models is higher than that of the single variable models. Although tree age is not the most important variable in the study of the relationship between tree height and dbh, the consideration of tree age when choosing models and parameters in model selection can make the prediction of tree height more accurate. The amount of data is also an important parameter what can improve the reliability of models. Other variables such as tree height, main dbh and altitude, etc can also affect models. In this study, the method of developing the recommended models for predicting the tree height of native Metasequoias aged 50–485 years is statistically reliable and can be used for reference in predicting the growth and production of mature native Metasequoia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Liu
- Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing,China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing,China
| | - Zhongke Feng
- Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing,China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing China
| | - Chenghui Ma
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing,China
| | | | - Renjie Sun
- Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing,China
| | - Li Zhang
- Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing,China
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14
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Imani G, Boyemba F, Lewis S, Nabahungu NL, Calders K, Zapfack L, Riera B, Balegamire C, Cuni-Sanchez A. Height-diameter allometry and above ground biomass in tropical montane forests: Insights from the Albertine Rift in Africa. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179653. [PMID: 28617841 PMCID: PMC5472301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical montane forests provide an important natural laboratory to test ecological theory. While it is well-known that some aspects of forest structure change with altitude, little is known on the effects of altitude on above ground biomass (AGB), particularly with regard to changing height-diameter allometry. To address this we investigate (1) the effects of altitude on height-diameter allometry, (2) how different height-diameter allometric models affect above ground biomass estimates; and (3) how other forest structural, taxonomic and environmental attributes affect above ground biomass using 30 permanent sample plots (1-ha; all trees ≥ 10 cm diameter measured) established between 1250 and 2600 m asl in Kahuzi Biega National Park in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Forest structure and species composition differed with increasing altitude, with four forest types identified. Different height-diameter allometric models performed better with the different forest types, as trees got smaller with increasing altitude. Above ground biomass ranged from 168 to 290 Mg ha-1, but there were no significant differences in AGB between forests types, as tree size decreased but stem density increased with increasing altitude. Forest structure had greater effects on above ground biomass than forest diversity. Soil attributes (K and acidity, pH) also significantly affected above ground biomass. Results show how forest structural, taxonomic and environmental attributes affect above ground biomass in African tropical montane forests. They particularly highlight that the use of regional height-diameter models introduces significant biases in above ground biomass estimates, and that different height-diameter models might be preferred for different forest types, and these should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Imani
- Biology Department, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, DR Congo
- Plant Department, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, DR Congo
- * E-mail:
| | - Faustin Boyemba
- Plant Department, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, DR Congo
| | - Simon Lewis
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nsharwasi Léon Nabahungu
- Soil Laboratory, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture/Kalambo site, Kalambo, DR Congo
| | - Kim Calders
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Earth Observation, Climate and Optical Group, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Zapfack
- Plant Biology and physiology Department, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Bernard Riera
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie générale, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Brunoy, France
| | | | - Aida Cuni-Sanchez
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Mapping Forest Ecosystem Biomass Density for Xiangjiang River Basin by Combining Plot and Remote Sensing Data and Comparing Spatial Extrapolation Methods. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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