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Yelenik S, Rose E, Cordell S. Invasive-dominated grasslands in Hawai'i are resilient to disturbance. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10948. [PMID: 38510540 PMCID: PMC10951494 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-native-dominated landscapes may arise from invasion by competitive plant species, disturbance and invasion of early-colonizing species, or some combination of these. Without knowing site history, however, it is difficult to predict how native or non-native communities will reassemble after disturbance events. Given increasing disturbance levels across anthropogenically impacted landscapes, predictive understanding of these patterns is important. We asked how disturbance affected community assembly in six invaded habitat types common in dryland, grazed landscapes on Island of Hawai'i. We mechanically disturbed 100 m2 plots in six vegetation types dominated by one of four invasive perennial grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus clandestinus, Cenchrus setaceus, or Melinis repens), a native shrub (Dodonaea viscosa), or a native perennial bunchgrass (Eragrostis atropioides). We censused vegetation before disturbance and monitored woody plant colonization and herbaceous cover for 21 months following the disturbance, categorizing species as competitors, colonizers, or a combination, based on recovery patterns. In addition, we planted individuals of the native shrub and bunchgrass and monitored survival to overcome dispersal limitation of native species when exploring these patterns. We found that the dominant vegetation types showed variation in post-disturbance syndrome, and that the variation in colonizer versus competitor syndrome occurred both between species, but also within species among different vegetation types. Although there were flushes of native shrub seedlings, these did not survive to 21 months within invaded habitats, probably due to regrowth by competitive invasive grasses. Similarly, survival of planted native individuals was related to the rate of regrowth by dominant species. Regardless of colonization/competitor syndrome, however, all dominant vegetation types were relatively resilient to change. Our results highlight that the altered post-agricultural, invaded grassland landscapes in Hawai'i are stable states. More generally, they point to the importance of resident communities and their effects on species interactions and seed availability in shaping plant community response to disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Yelenik
- U.S. Geological SurveyPacific Island Ecosystem Research StationHawaiʻi National ParkHawaiiUSA
- Present address:
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research StationRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Eli Rose
- U.S. Geological SurveyPacific Island Ecosystem Research StationHawaiʻi National ParkHawaiiUSA
| | - Susan Cordell
- U.S. Forest ServiceInstitute of Pacific Islands ForestryHiloHawaiiUSA
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2
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Hishe H, Giday K, Fremout T, Negussie A, Aerts R, Muys B. Environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting natural regeneration of degraded dry Afromontane forest. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadgu Hishe
- Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle University Mek'ele Ethiopia
- Division Forest Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E‐2411 Leuven BE‐3001 Belgium
| | - Kidane Giday
- Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle University Mek'ele Ethiopia
| | - Tobias Fremout
- Division Forest Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E‐2411 Leuven BE‐3001 Belgium
- Biodiversity International Lima Peru
| | | | - Raf Aerts
- Division Forest Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E‐2411 Leuven BE‐3001 Belgium
- Division Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 31‐2435 Leuven BE‐3001 Belgium
| | - Bart Muys
- Division Forest Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E‐2411 Leuven BE‐3001 Belgium
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3
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Wall CB, Egan CP, Swift SIO, Hynson NA. Three decades post-reforestation has not led to the reassembly of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with remnant primary forests. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4234-4247. [PMID: 32885507 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of deforestation can potentially be ameliorated through ecological restoration. However, reforestation alone may not reassemble the same ecological communities or functions as primary forests. In part, this failure may be owed to forest ecosystems inherently involving complex interactions among guilds of organisms. Plants, which structure forest food webs, rely on intimate associations with symbiotic microbes such as root-inhabiting mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we leverage a large-scale reforestation project on Hawai'i Island underway for over three decades to assess whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities have concurrently been restored. The reference ecosystem for this restoration project is a remnant montane native Hawaiian forest that provides critical habitat for endangered birds. We sampled soils from 12 plots within remnant and restored forest patches and characterized AM fungal communities using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. While some AM fungal community metrics were comparable between remnant and restored forest (e.g. species richness), other key characteristics were not. Specifically, community membership and the identity of AM fungal keystone species differed between the two habitat types, as well as the primary environmental factors influencing community composition. Remnant forest AM fungal communities were strongly associated with soil chemical properties, especially pH, while restored forest communities were influenced by the spatial proximity to remnant forests. We posit that combined, these differences in soil AM fungal communities could be negatively affecting the recruitment of native plant hosts and that future restoration efforts should consider plant-microbe interactions as an important facet of forest health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Wall
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Cameron P Egan
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Biology, Okanagan College, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Sean I O Swift
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Nicole A Hynson
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Yelenik SG, Roy K, Stallman J. Successful restoration of
Metrosideros polymorpha
(ʻōhiʻa) is possible in forest sites with active Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death infections. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G. Yelenik
- Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center U.S. Geological Survey Volcano HI 96718 U.S.A
| | - Kylle Roy
- Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center U.S. Geological Survey Volcano HI 96718 U.S.A
| | - Jeff Stallman
- Hawaiʻi Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawaiʻi Hilo HI 96720 U.S.A
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5
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Quon LH, Bobich EG, Questad EJ. Facilitation and herbivory during restoration of California coastal sage scrub. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H. Quon
- Biological Sciences Department, College of ScienceCalifornia State Polytechnic University Pomona, 3801 W Temple Avenue Pomona CA 91786 U.S.A
| | - Edward G. Bobich
- Biological Sciences Department, College of ScienceCalifornia State Polytechnic University Pomona, 3801 W Temple Avenue Pomona CA 91786 U.S.A
| | - Erin J. Questad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of ScienceCalifornia State Polytechnic University Pomona, 3801 W Temple Avenue Pomona CA 91786 U.S.A
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6
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Multispectral Approach for Identifying Invasive Plant Species Based on Flowering Phenology Characteristics. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive plant species (IPS) are the second biggest threat to biodiversity after habitat loss. Since the spatial extent of IPS is essential for managing the invaded ecosystem, the current study aims at identifying and mapping the aggressive IPS of Acacia salicina and Acacia saligna, to understand better the key factors influencing their distribution in the coastal plain of Israel. This goal was achieved by integrating airborne-derived hyperspectral imaging and multispectral earth observation for creating species distribution maps. Hyperspectral data, in conjunction with high spatial resolution species distribution maps, were used to train the multispectral images at the species level. We incorporated a series of statistical models to classify the IPS location and to recognize their distribution and density. We took advantage of the phenological flowering stages of Acacia trees, as obtained by the multispectral images, for the support vector machine classification procedure. The classification yielded an overall Kappa coefficient accuracy of 0.89. We studied the effect of various environmental and human factors on IPS density by using a random forest machine learning model, to understand the mechanisms underlying successful invasions, and to assess where IPS have a higher likelihood of occurring. This algorithm revealed that the high density of Acacia most closely related to elevation, temperature pattern, and distances from rivers, settlements, and roads. Our results demonstrate how the integration of remote-sensing data with different data sources can assist in determining IPS proliferation and provide detailed geographic information for conservation and management efforts to prevent their future spread.
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Wei W, Li H, Wang B, Zhang K. Rain- and water-use efficiencies of a shrub ecosystem and its resilience to drought in the Central Asia region during 2000–2014. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Schuster MJ, Wragg PD, Reich PB. Using revegetation to suppress invasive plants in grasslands and forests. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter D. Wragg
- Department of Forest Resources; University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources; University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; University of Western Sydney; Penrith NSW Australia
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Bruno JF, Rand TA, Emery NC, Bertness MD. Facilitative and competitive interaction components among New England salt marsh plants. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4049. [PMID: 29201563 PMCID: PMC5712206 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra- and interspecific interactions can be broken down into facilitative and competitive components. The net interaction between two organisms is simply the sum of these counteracting elements. Disentangling the positive and negative components of species interactions is a critical step in advancing our understanding of how the interaction between organisms shift along physical and biotic gradients. We performed a manipulative field experiment to quantify the positive and negative components of the interactions between a perennial forb, Aster tenuifolius, and three dominant, matrix-forming grasses and rushes in a New England salt marsh. Specifically, we asked whether positive and negative interaction components: (1) are unique or redundant across three matrix-forming species (two grasses; Distichlis spicata and Spartina patens, and one rush; Juncus gerardi), and (2) change across Aster life stages (seedling, juvenile, and adult). For adult Aster the strength of the facilitative component of the matrix-forb interaction was stronger than the competitive component for two of the three matrix species, leading to net positive interactions. There was no statistically significant variation among matrix species in their net or component effects. We found little difference in the effects of J. gerardi on Aster at later life-history stages; interaction component strengths did not differ between juveniles and adults. However, mortality of seedlings in neighbor removal plots was 100%, indicating a particularly strong and critical facilitative effect of matrix species on this forb during the earliest life stages. Overall, our results indicate that matrix forming grasses and rushes have important, yet largely redundant, positive net effects on Aster performance across its life cycle. Studies that untangle various components of interactions and their contingencies are critical to both expanding our basic understanding of community organization, and predicting how natural communities and their component parts will respond to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bruno
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Tatyana A Rand
- Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Sidney, MT, United States of America
| | - Nancy C Emery
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Mark D Bertness
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
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D'Antonio CM, Ostertag R, Cordell S, Yelenik S. Interactions Among Invasive Plants: Lessons from Hawai‘i. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most ecosystems have multiple-plant invaders rather than single-plant invaders, yet ecological studies and management actions focus largely on single invader species. There is a need for general principles regarding invader interactions across varying environmental conditions, so that secondary invasions can be anticipated and managers can allocate resources toward pretreatment or postremoval actions. By reviewing removal experiments conducted in three Hawaiian ecosystems (a dry tropical forest, a seasonally dry mesic forest, and a lowland wet forest), we evaluate the roles environmental harshness, priority effects, productivity potential, and species interactions have in influencing secondary invasions, defined here as invasions that are influenced either positively (facilitation) or negatively (inhibition/priority effects) by existing invaders. We generate a conceptual model with a surprise index to describe whether long-term plant invader composition and dominance is predictable or stochastic after a system perturbation such as a removal experiment. Under extremely low resource availability, the surprise index is low, whereas under intermediate-level resource environments, invader dominance is more stochastic and the surprise index is high. At high resource levels, the surprise index is intermediate: Invaders are likely abundant in the environment but their response to a perturbation is more predictable than at intermediate resource levels. We suggest further testing across environmental gradients to determine key variables that dictate the predictability of postremoval invader composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. D'Antonio
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai‘i, Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720
| | - Susan Cordell
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720
| | - Stephanie Yelenik
- USGS Pacific Islands Ecosystem Research Center, Volcano, Hawai‘i 96718
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11
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Baruch Z, Christmas MJ, Breed MF, Guerin GR, Caddy‐Retalic S, McDonald J, Jardine DI, Leitch E, Gellie N, Hill K, McCallum K, Lowe AJ. Leaf trait associations with environmental variation in the wide‐ranging shrub
Dodonaea viscosa
subsp.
angustissima
(Sapindaceae). AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdravko Baruch
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Matthew J. Christmas
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Greg R. Guerin
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Stefan Caddy‐Retalic
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - John McDonald
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Duncan I. Jardine
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Emrys Leitch
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Nick Gellie
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Kathryn Hill
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Kimberly McCallum
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
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12
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Young TP, Stuble KL, Balachowski JA, Werner CM. Using priority effects to manipulate competitive relationships in restoration. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Truman P. Young
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of California; Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- Ecology Graduate Group; University of California; Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- Population Biology Graduate Group; University of California; Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Katharine L. Stuble
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of California; Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Jennifer A. Balachowski
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of California; Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- Ecology Graduate Group; University of California; Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Chhaya M. Werner
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of California; Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- Population Biology Graduate Group; University of California; Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
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13
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Yelenik SG. Linking dominant Hawaiian tree species to understory development in recovering pastures via impacts on soils and litter. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G. Yelenik
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; Crater Rim Drive Hawai‘i National Park HI 96718 U.S.A
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