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Steve Strauss. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1658-1659. [PMID: 38837421 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
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Veale A, Reudink MW, Burg TM. Neutral markers reveal complex population structure across the range of a widespread songbird. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11638. [PMID: 38979005 PMCID: PMC11228359 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how both contemporary and historical physical barriers influence gene flow is key to reconstructing evolutionary histories and can allow us to predict species' resilience to changing environmental conditions. During the last glacial maximum (LGM), many high latitude North American bird species were forced into glacial refugia, including mountain bluebirds (Silia currucoides). Within their current breeding range, mountain bluebirds still experience a wide variety of environmental conditions and barriers that may disrupt gene flow and isolate populations. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained through restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, we detected at least four genetically distinct mountain bluebird populations. Based on this structure, we determined that isolation-by-distance, the northern Rocky Mountains, and discontinuous habitat are responsible for the low connectivity and the overall history of each population going back to the last glacial maximum. Finally, we identified five candidate genes under balancing selection and three loci under diversifying selection. This study provides the first look at connectivity and gene flow across the range of these high-altitude and high latitude songbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Veale
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LethbridgeLethbridgeAlbertaCanada
| | - Matthew W. Reudink
- Department of Biological SciencesThompson Rivers UniversityKamloopsBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Theresa M. Burg
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LethbridgeLethbridgeAlbertaCanada
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Zhang X, Chen K, Lv G, Wang W, Jiang J, Liu G. The association analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptomics identified BpCYCD3;2 as a participant in influencing cell division in autotetraploid birch (Betula pendula) leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112099. [PMID: 38640971 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Polyploidization plays a crucial role in plant breeding and genetic improvement. Although the phenomenon of polyploidization affecting the area and number of plant epidermal pavement cells is well described, the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon is still largely unknown. In this study, we found that the leaves of autotetraploid birch (Betula pendula) stopped cell division earlier and had a larger cell area. In addition, compared to diploids, tetraploids have a smaller stomatal density and fewer stomatal numbers. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed no significant difference in global DNA methylation levels between diploids and tetraploids. A total of 9154 differential methylation regions (DMRs) were identified between diploids and tetraploids, with CHH-type DMRs accounting for 91.73% of all types of DMRs. Further research has found that there are a total of 2105 differentially methylated genes (DMEGs) with CHH-type DMRs in birch. The GO functional enrichment results of DMEGs showed that differentially methylated genes were mainly involved in terms such as cellular process and metabolic process. The analysis of differentially methylated genes and differentially expressed genes suggests that hyper-methylation in the promoter region may inhibit the gene expression level of BpCYCD3;2 in tetraploids. To investigate the function of BpCYCD3;2 in birch, we obtained overexpression and repressed expression lines of BpCYCD3;2 through genetic transformation. The morphogenesis of both BpCYCD3;2-OE and BpCYCD3;2-RE lines was not affected. However, low expression of BpCYCD3;2 can lead to inhibition of cell division in leaves, and this inhibition of cell proliferation can be compensated for by an increase in cell size. Additionally, we found that the number and density of stomata in the BpCYCD3;2-RE lines were significantly reduced, consistent with the tetraploid. These data indicate that changes in cell division ability and stomatal changes in tetraploid birch can be partially attributed to low expression of the BpCYCD3;2 gene, which may be related to hyper-methylation in its promoter region. These results will provide new insights into the mechanism by which polyploidization affects plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guanbin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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Ong HG, Kim Y, Lee J, Kim B, Kang D, Jung E, Shin J, Kim Y. Approximate Bayesian computation and ecological niche models elucidate the demographic history and current fragmented population distribution of a Korean endemic shrub. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10792. [PMID: 38077507 PMCID: PMC10700048 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Climatic fluctuations and geological events since the LGM are believed to have significantly impacted the population size, distribution, and mobility of many species that we observe today. In this paper, we determined the processes driving the phylogeographic structure of the Korean endemic white forsythia by combining the use of genome-wide SNPs and predicting paleoclimatic habitats during the LGM (21 kya), Early Holocene (10 kya), Mid-Holocene (6 kya), and Late Holocene (3 kya). Using a maximum of 1897 SNPs retrieved from 124 samples across nine wild populations, five environmental predictors, and the species' natural occurrence records, we aimed to infer the species' demographic history and reconstruct its possible paleodistributions with the use of approximate Bayesian computation and ecological niche models, respectively. Under this integrated framework, we found strong evidence for patterns of range shift and expansion, and population divergence events from the onset of the Holocene, resulting in the formation of its five distinct genetic units. The most highly supported model inferred that after the split of an ancestral population into the southern group and a larger central metapopulation lineage, the latter gave rise to the eastern and northern clusters, before finally dividing into two sub-central groups. While the use of molecular data allowed us to identify and refine the (phylo)genetic relationships of the species' lineages and populations, the use of ecological data helped us infer a past LGM refugium and the directions of post-glacial range dynamics. The time frames of these demographic events were shown to be congruent with climatic and geological events that affected the central Korean Peninsula during these periods. These findings gave us a better understanding of the consequences of past spatiotemporal factors that may have resulted in the current fragmented population distribution of this endangered plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong‐In Kim
- On Biological Resource Research Institute (OBRRI)ChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Jung‐Hoon Lee
- On Biological Resource Research Institute (OBRRI)ChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Bo‐Yun Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR)IncheonSouth Korea
| | - Dae‐Hyun Kang
- Korea National Park Research InstituteWonjuSouth Korea
| | - Eui‐Kwon Jung
- Department of Life ScienceHallym UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Jae‐Seo Shin
- Department of Life ScienceHallym UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Young‐Dong Kim
- Multidisciplinary Genome InstituteHallym UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
- Department of Life ScienceHallym UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
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Bemmels JB, Haddrath O, Colbourne RM, Robertson HA, Weir JT. Legacy of supervolcanic eruptions on population genetic structure of brown kiwi. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3389-3397.e8. [PMID: 35728597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Supervolcanoes are volcanoes capable of mega-colossal eruptions that emit more than 1,000 km3 of ash and other particles.1 The earth's most recent mega-colossal eruption was the Oruanui eruption of the Taupo supervolcano 25,580 years before present (YBP) on the central North Island of New Zealand.2 This eruption blanketed major swaths of the North Island in thick layers of ash and igneous rock,2,3 devastating habitats and likely causing widespread population extinctions.4-7 An additional devastating super-colossal eruption (>100 km3) of the Taupo supervolcano occurred approximately 1,690 YBP.8 The impacts of such massive but ephemeral natural disasters on contemporary population genetic structure remain underexplored. Here, we combined data for 4,951 SNPs with spatially explicit demographic and coalescent models within an approximate Bayesian computation framework to test the drivers of genetic structure in brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli). Our results strongly support the importance of eruptions of the Taupo supervolcano in restructuring pre-existing geographic patterns of population differentiation and genetic diversity. Range shifts due to climatic oscillations-a frequent explanation for genetic structure9-are insufficient to fully explain the empirical data. Meanwhile, recent range contraction and fragmentation due to historically documented anthropogenic habitat alteration adds no explanatory power to our models. Our results support a major role for cycles of destruction and post-volcanic recolonization in restructuring the population genomic landscape of brown kiwi and highlight how ancient and ephemeral mega-disasters may leave a lasting legacy on patterns of intraspecific genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Bemmels
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Oliver Haddrath
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Rogan M Colbourne
- Department of Conservation, PO Box 10420, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Hugh A Robertson
- Department of Conservation, PO Box 10420, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jason T Weir
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada.
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Ruffley M, Smith ML, Espíndola A, Turck DF, Mitchell N, Carstens B, Sullivan J, Tank DC. Genomic evidence of an ancient Inland Temperate Rainforest in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2985-3001. [PMID: 35322900 PMCID: PMC9322681 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The disjunct temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest of North America (PNW) are characterized by late‐successional dominant tree species Thuja plicata (western redcedar) and Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock). The demographic histories of these species, along with the PNW rainforest ecosystem in its entirety, have been heavily impacted by geological and climatic changes the PNW has experienced over the last 5 million years, including mountain orogeny and repeated Pleistocene glaciations. These environmental events have ultimately shaped the history of these species, with inland populations potentially being extirpated during the Pleistocene glaciations. Here, we collect genomic data for both species across their ranges to test multiple demographic models, each reflecting a different phylogeographical hypothesis on how the ecosystem‐dominating species may have responded to dramatic climatic change. Our results indicate that inland and coastal populations in both species diverged ~2.5 million years ago in the early Pleistocene and experienced decreases in population size during glacial cycles, with subsequent population expansion. Importantly, we found evidence for gene flow between coastal and inland populations during the mid‐Holocene. It is likely that intermittent migration in these species during this time has prevented allopatric speciation via genetic drift alone. In conclusion, our results from combining genomic data and demographic inference procedures establish that populations of the ecosystem dominants Thuja plicata and Tsuga heterophylla persisted in refugia located in both the coastal and inland regions of the PNW throughout the Pleistocene, with populations expanding and contracting in response to glacial cycles with occasional gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ruffley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.,Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Megan L Smith
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology & Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA.,Department of Biology and Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Anahí Espíndola
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Dr, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Daniel F Turck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.,Stillinger Herbarium, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA
| | - Niels Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA
| | - Bryan Carstens
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology & Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Jack Sullivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA
| | - David C Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.,Stillinger Herbarium, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.,Department of Botany & Rocky Mountain Herbarium, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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Salvado P, Aymerich Boixader P, Parera J, Vila Bonfill A, Martin M, Quélennec C, Lewin J, Delorme‐Hinoux V, Bertrand JAM. Little hope for the polyploid endemic Pyrenean Larkspur ( Delphinium montanum): Evidences from population genomics and Ecological Niche Modeling. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8711. [PMID: 35342590 PMCID: PMC8932081 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Species endemic to restricted geographical ranges represent a particular conservation issue, be it for their heritage interest. In a context of global change, this is particularly the case for plants which belong to high-mountain ecosystems and, because of their ecological requirements, are doomed to survive or disappear on their "sky islands". The Pyrenean Larkspur (Delphinium montanum, Ranunculaceae) is endemic to the Eastern part of the Pyrenees (France and Spain). It is now only observable at a dozen of localities and some populations show signs of decline, such as a recurrent lack of flowering. Implementing population genomics approach (e.g., RAD-seq like) is particularly useful to understand genomic patterns of diversity and differentiation in order to provide recommendations in term of conservation. However, it remains challenging for species such as D. montanum that are autotetraploid with a large genome size (1C-value >10 pg) as most methods currently available were developed for diploid species. A Bayesian framework able to call genotypes with uncertainty allowed us to assess genetic diversity and population structure in this system. Our results show evidence for inbreeding (mean G IS = 0.361) within all the populations and substantial population structure (mean G ST = 0.403) at the metapopulation level. In addition to a lack of connectivity between populations, spatial projections of Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) analyses under different climatic scenarios predict a dramatic decrease of suitable habitat for D. montanum in the future. Based on these results, we discuss the relevance and feasibility of different conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascaline Salvado
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes (LGDP, UMR 5096 UPVD/CNRS)Université de Perpignan Via DomitiaPerpignanFrance
| | | | - Josep Parera
- Fédération des Réserves Naturelles CatalanesPradesFrance
| | | | - Maria Martin
- Fédération des Réserves Naturelles CatalanesPradesFrance
| | | | | | - Valérie Delorme‐Hinoux
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes (LGDP, UMR 5096 UPVD/CNRS)Université de Perpignan Via DomitiaPerpignanFrance
- Association Charles FlahaultToulougesFrance
| | - Joris A. M. Bertrand
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes (LGDP, UMR 5096 UPVD/CNRS)Université de Perpignan Via DomitiaPerpignanFrance
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Projected responses of Cerrado anurans to climate change are mediated by biogeographic character. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Blonder B, Ray CA, Walton JA, Castaneda M, Chadwick KD, Clyne MO, Gaüzère P, Iversen LL, Lusk M, Strimbeck GR, Troy S, Mock KE. Cytotype and genotype predict mortality and recruitment in Colorado quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02438. [PMID: 34374163 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Species responses to climate change depend on environment, genetics, and interactions among these factors. Intraspecific cytotype (ploidy level) variation is a common type of genetic variation in many species. However, the importance of intraspecific cytotype variation in determining demography across environments is poorly known. We studied quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), which occurs in diploid and triploid cytotypes. This widespread tree species is experiencing contractions in its western range, which could potentially be linked to cytotype-dependent drought tolerance. We found that interactions between cytotype and environment drive mortality and recruitment across 503 plots in Colorado. Triploids were more vulnerable to mortality relative to diploids and had reduced recruitment on more drought-prone and disturbed plots relative to diploids. Furthermore, there was substantial genotype-dependent variation in demography. Thus, cytotype and genotype variation are associated with decline in this foundation species. Future assessment of demographic responses to climate change will benefit from knowledge of how genetic and environmental mosaics interact to determine species' ecophysiology and demography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Blonder
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, 81224, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Courtenay A Ray
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, 81224, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - James A Walton
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5230, USA
| | - Marco Castaneda
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, 81224, USA
- East Los Angeles College, Monterey Park, California, 91754, USA
| | - K Dana Chadwick
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Climate and Ecosystems Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Michael O Clyne
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
| | - Pierre Gaüzère
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
| | - Lars L Iversen
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
| | - Madison Lusk
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
| | - G Richard Strimbeck
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Savannah Troy
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, 81224, USA
| | - Karen E Mock
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5230, USA
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