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Vantourout P, Eum J, Conde Poole M, Hayday TS, Laing AG, Hussain K, Nuamah R, Kannambath S, Moisan J, Stoop A, Battaglia S, Servattalab R, Hsu J, Bayliffe A, Katragadda M, Hayday AC. Innate TCRβ-chain engagement drives human T cells toward distinct memory-like effector phenotypes with immunotherapeutic potentials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj6174. [PMID: 38055824 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Clonotypic αβ T cell responses to cargoes presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC), MR1, or CD1 proteins underpin adaptive immunity. Those responses are mostly mediated by complementarity-determining region 3 motifs created by quasi-random T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements, with diversity being highest for TCRγδ. Nonetheless, TCRγδ also displays nonclonotypic innate responsiveness following engagement of germline-encoded Vγ-specific residues by butyrophilin (BTN) or BTN-like (BTNL) proteins that uniquely mediate γδ T cell subset selection. We now report that nonclonotypic TCR engagement likewise induces distinct phenotypes in TCRαβ+ cells. Specifically, antibodies to germline-encoded human TCRVβ motifs consistently activated naïve or memory T cells toward core states distinct from those induced by anti-CD3 or superantigens and from others commonly reported. Those states combined selective proliferation and effector function with activation-induced inhibitory receptors and memory differentiation. Thus, nonclonotypic TCRVβ targeting broadens our perspectives on human T cell response modes and might offer ways to induce clinically beneficial phenotypes in defined T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vantourout
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Josephine Eum
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - María Conde Poole
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Thomas S Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Adam G Laing
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Khiyam Hussain
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rosamond Nuamah
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shichina Kannambath
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian C Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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Line J, Saville E, Meng X, Naisbitt D. Why drug exposure is frequently associated with T-cell mediated cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1268107. [PMID: 37795379 PMCID: PMC10546197 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1268107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions represent the most common manifestation of drug allergy seen in the clinic, with 25% of all adverse drug reactions appearing in the skin. The severity of cutaneous eruptions can vastly differ depending on the cellular mechanisms involved from a minor, self-resolving maculopapular rash to major, life-threatening pathologies such as the T-cell mediated bullous eruptions, i.e., Stevens Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. It remains a significant question as to why these reactions are so frequently associated with the skin and what factors polarise these reactions towards more serious disease states. The barrier function which the skin performs means it is constantly subject to a barrage of danger signals, creating an environment that favors elicitation. Therefore, a critical question is what drives the expansion of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen positive, skin homing, T-cell sub-populations in draining lymph nodes. One answer could be the heterologous immunity hypothesis whereby tissue resident memory T-cells that express T-cell receptors (TCRs) for pathogen derived antigens cross-react with drug antigen. A significant amount of research has been conducted on skin immunity in the context of contact allergy and the role of tissue specific antigen presenting cells in presenting drug antigen to T-cells, but it is unclear how this relates to epitopes derived from circulation. Studies have shown that the skin is a metabolically active organ, capable of generating reactive drug metabolites. However, we know that drug antigens are displayed systemically so what factors permit tolerance in one part of the body, but reactivity in the skin. Most adverse drug reactions are mild, and skin eruptions tend to be visible to the patient, whereas minor organ injury such as transient transaminase elevation is often not apparent. Systemic hypersensitivity reactions tend to have early cutaneous manifestations, the progression of which is halted by early diagnosis and treatment. It is apparent that the preference for cutaneous involvement of drug hypersensitivity reactions is multi-faceted, therefore this review aims to abridge the findings from literature on the current state of the field and provide insight into the cellular and metabolic mechanisms which may contribute to severe cutaneous adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dean Naisbitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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