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Consiglio G, Gorcyński A, Petralia S, Forte G. Predicting the dye-sensitized solar cell performance of novel linear carbon chain-based dyes: insights from DFT simulations. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15995-16004. [PMID: 37847522 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01856c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we employ density functional theory (DFT) simulations to predict the energy conversion efficiency of a novel class of organic dyes based on linear carbon chain (LCC) linkers for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We investigate the role of the anchoring group, which serves as a bridge connecting the linker and the surface. Specifically, we compare the performance of cyanoacrylic acid, dyes PY-4N and PY-3N, with that of phosphonate derivatives, dyes PY-4NP and PY-3NP, wherein the carboxylic group of the cyanoacrylic moiety is replaced with phosphonic acid. The observed variations in the UV/VIS absorption spectra have a slight impact on the light harvesting efficiency (LHE). Based on the empirical parameters we have taken into account, the electron injection efficiency (Φinj) and electron collection efficiency (ηcoll) values do not impact the short-circuit current density (JSC) values of all the studied dyes. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) is theoretically predicted using the improved normal model (INM) method. Among the dyes, PY-4N and PY-3N demonstrate the highest Voc values. This can be attributed to a more favorable recombination rate value, which is related to the energy gap between the HOMO level of the dyes and the conduction band minimum (CBM) of the surface. Dyes PY-4N and PY-3N are predicted to demonstrate remarkably high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) values of approximately 21.79% and 16.52%, respectively, and therefore, they are expected to be potential candidates as organic dyes for applications in DSSCs. It is worth noting that PY-4NP and PY-3NP exhibit strong adsorption energy on the surface and interesting PCE values of 11.66% and 8.29%, respectively. This opens up possibilities for their application in DSSCs either as standalone sensitizers or as co-sensitizers alongside metal-free organic dyes or organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Consiglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Italy
| | - Adam Gorcyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Italy.
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Consiglio G, Gorcyński A, Petralia S, Forte G. Computational study of linear carbon chain based organic dyes for dye sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1019-1030. [PMID: 36686920 PMCID: PMC9811357 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic, electronic and electron injection properties of a new class of linear carbon chain (LCC) based organic dyes have been investigated, by means of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The photophysical properties of LCC-based dyes are tuned by changing the length of the linear carbon chain; UV/VIS absorption is red-shifted with increasing LCC length whereas oscillator strength and electron injection properties are reduced. Excellent nonlinear optical properties are predicted in particular for PY-N4 and PY-S4 dyes in the planar conformation. Results indicate that a LCC-bridge produces better results compared to benzene and thiophene bridges. Simulations of I--Dye@(TiO2)14 and Dye@(TiO2)14 anatase complexes indicate that designed dyes inject electrons efficiently into the TiO2 surface and can be regenerated by electron transfer from the electrolyte. Superior properties in terms of efficiency are shown by compounds with a pyrrole ring as the donor group and PY-3N is expected to be a promising candidate for applications, however all the investigated dyes could provide a good performance in solar energy conversion. Our study demonstrates that computational design can provide a significant contribution to experimental work; we expect this study will contribute to future developments to identify new and highly efficient sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Consiglio
- Department of Chemical Science University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64 95125 Italy
| | - Adam Gorcyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug Science and Health University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64 95125 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Drug Science and Health University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64 95125 Italy
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Owen Bonello R, Pitak MB, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Fallis IA, Pope SJ. Aryl, bi-functionalised imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline ligands and their luminescent rhenium(I) complexes. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Development of Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT) Derivatives as Solution-Processable Small Molecular Semiconductors for Organic Thin Film Transistors. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel solution-processable dithieno[3,2-d:2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT) derivatives with alkylated thiophene or alkyl chain substituents, 2,6-bis(5-octylthiophen-2-yl)dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (compound 1), 2,6-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (compound 2), and 2,6-dioctyldithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (compound 3), have been synthesized and employed as small molecular organic semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). All compounds exhibited good thermal stability over 290 °C, while different side groups of DTT compounds afforded different melting temperatures. The molecular orbital energy levels were experimentally and theoretically calculated, and their trend was almost the same. The developed compounds were employed as active layers for top-contact/bottom-gate OFETs with average charge carrier mobility as high as 0.10 cm2/Vs and current on/off ratio > 107 in ambient atmosphere. Notably, DTT derivative with linear alkyl chain (-octyl) substituents showed the best device performance. High device performance could be attributed to the large grains and continuous surface coverages as well as high film texture of the corresponding semiconductor films.
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Selvi G, Özdemir FA, Aykutoglu G, Özdemir N, Şerbetçi Z, Çetinkaya B, Dayan O. A neutral arene ruthenium(II) complex with a sulfonated N,O-chelating ligand: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Müller AV, Polo AS. Mechanistic Insights into the Stepwise Assembly of Ruthenium(II) Tris-heteroleptic Compounds. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:13829-13839. [PMID: 30335998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ruthenium(II) tris-heteroleptic compounds cis-[Ru(NN)(dcbH2)(NCS)2], NN = polypyridyl ligand and dcbH2 = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, can be synthesized by a one-pot route starting from [Ru( p-cymene)Cl2]2, followed by the sequential addition of ligands. In this work, each synthetic step for the cis-[Ru(R-phen)(dcbH2)(NCS)2] (R = H, Me, Ph, MeO, or Cl) preparation was individually investigated, aiming to identify reaction intermediates and to establish correlations among temperature, reaction time, reactant concentration, and the identity of the substituent of the polypyridyl ligand with the kinetics of the reactions and distribution of the products. The first step is the cleavage of [Ru( p-cymene)Cl2]2, followed by the coordination of R-phen via an associative mechanism and establishment of a direct correlation between the electron-donating or electron-withdrawing character of R and the reaction rates. The second step is the conversion of [Ru(R-phen)( p-cymene)Cl]Cl to cis-[Ru(R-phen)(dcbH2)Cl2], and the rate-determining step is the formation of the intermediate [Ru(R-phen)Cl2], which exhibits a low dependence on R. The last step is the substitution of Cl- by NCS-, and the N-bound isomer is the major product. The reaction temperature, time, and identity of R influence the relative distribution of the linkage isomers. The comprehension of each of these processes is a key factor to develop new strategies to optimize the one-pot synthetic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa V Müller
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC , Av. dos Estados 5001 , 09210-580 , Santo André - SP , Brazil
| | - André S Polo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC , Av. dos Estados 5001 , 09210-580 , Santo André - SP , Brazil
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Carella A, Borbone F, Centore R. Research Progress on Photosensitizers for DSSC. Front Chem 2018; 6:481. [PMID: 30364239 PMCID: PMC6193062 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are considered one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies as an alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, for their compatibility with low-cost production methods, their peculiar optical and mechanical properties and the high indoor efficiency. Photosensitizers represent one of the most important components of a DSSC device and probably the most thoroughly investigated in the last twenty years, with thousands of dyes that have been proposed and tested for this kind of application. In this review we aimed to provide an overview of the three main classes of DSSC photosensitizers, namely ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, Zn-porphyrin derivatives and metal-free organic dyes. After a brief introduction about the architecture and operational principles of a DSSC and the state of the art of the other main components of this type of device, we focused our discussion on photosensitizers. We have defined the numerous requirements DSSC photosensitizers should satisfy and have provided an overview of their historical development over the years; by examining specific dyes reported in the literature, we attempted to highlight the molecular design strategies that have been established for the optimization of their performance in real devices both in terms of efficiency (which recently reaches an outstanding 14.3%) and operational stability. Finally, we discussed, in the last section, the possible future developments of this intriguing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carella
- Chemical Sciences Department, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Borbone
- Chemical Sciences Department, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Centore
- Chemical Sciences Department, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Teixeira Veiga E, Vidal Müller A, Duarte Ramos L, Passalacqua Morelli Frin K, Sarto Polo A. Interrelationship between the Ancillary Ligand Structure, Acid–Base Properties, and TiO
2
Surface Coverage of Ru
II
Dyes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Teixeira Veiga
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC ‐ UFABC Av. dos Estados, 5001 09210‐580 Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Andressa Vidal Müller
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC ‐ UFABC Av. dos Estados, 5001 09210‐580 Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Luiz Duarte Ramos
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC ‐ UFABC Av. dos Estados, 5001 09210‐580 Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Karina Passalacqua Morelli Frin
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC ‐ UFABC Av. dos Estados, 5001 09210‐580 Santo André SP Brazil
| | - André Sarto Polo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC ‐ UFABC Av. dos Estados, 5001 09210‐580 Santo André SP Brazil
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Bonello RO, Pitak MB, Coles SJ, Hallett AJ, Fallis IA, Pope SJ. Synthesis and characterisation of phosphorescent rhenium(I) complexes of hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted imidazo[4,5- f ]-1,10-phenanthroline ligands. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Schleicher D, Leopold H, Borrmann H, Strassner T. Ruthenium(II) Bipyridyl Complexes with Cyclometalated NHC Ligands. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7217-7229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Schleicher
- Physikalische Organische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hendrik Leopold
- Physikalische Organische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Horst Borrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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