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Wickemeyer L, Schwabedissen J, Trapp PC, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. ortho-Phenylene-bridged phosphorus/silicon Lewis pairs. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2611-2618. [PMID: 36740914 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of five ortho-phenylene-bridged phosphorus-silicon Lewis pairs was synthesized, with phosphorus bearing isopropyl groups while the substituents at the silicon atom vary (-CH3, -Cl, -F). Possible interactions between Lewis acid and base were investigated both experimentally (NMR, XRD) and theoretically to determine the influence of the different substituents. Calculated ortho-interaction energies (OIEs) show a stabilizing interactions between the acidic and basic units which were also found for the meta- and para-interaction energies (MIEs and PIEs, respectively), indicating stabilization resulting not from direct acid-base interaction but from electronic interactions through the ring. Further spectroscopic (NMR, XRD) and theoretical (NBO, QTAIM, SAPT) investigations confirmed the absence of direct interactions between silicon and phoshorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Pia C Trapp
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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2
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Federmann P, Bosse T, Wolff S, Cula B, Herwig C, Limberg C. A strained intramolecular P/Al-FLP and its reactivity toward allene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13451-13454. [PMID: 36342335 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05640b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
FLPs featuring aluminum-phosphane interactions, spring-loaded by a rigid biphenylene linker, have been accessed through a route where trimethyltin units at phosphane-functionalized organic backbones are exchanged by an AlCl2 moiety. Upon contact with substrates like CO2 these are readily bound by the Al/P site with release of strain. The system could also be utilized for a unique reactivity, namely the activation of allene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Federmann
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tamino Bosse
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Siad Wolff
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Herwig
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Limberg
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Mebs S, Beckmann J. In silico capture of noble gas atoms with a light atom molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20968-20979. [PMID: 36053150 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02517e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Noble gas atoms (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, and Kr) can be captured in silico with a light atom molecule containing only C, H, Si, O, and B atoms. Extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations on series of peri-substituted scaffolds indicate that confined spaces (voids) capable to energy efficiently encapsulate and bind Ng atoms are accessible by design of a tripodal peri-substituted ligand, namely, [(5-Ph2B-xan-4-)3Si]H (xan = xanthene) comprising (after hydride abstraction) four Lewis acidic sites within the cationic structure [(5-Ph2B-xan-4-)3Si]+. The host (ligand system) thereby provides an adoptive environment for the guest (Ng atom) to accommodate for its particular size. Whereas considerable chemical interactions are detectable between the ligand system and the heavier Ng atoms Kr and Ar in the host guest complex [(5-Ph2B-xan-4-)3Si·Ng]+, the lighter Ng atoms Ne and He are rather tolerated by the ligand system instead of being chemically bound to it, nicely highlighting the gradual onset of (weak) chemical bonding along the series He to Kr. A variety of real-space bonding indicators (RSBIs) derived from the calculated electron and pair densities provides valuable insight to the situation of an "isolated atom in a molecule" in case of He, uncovering its size and shape, whereas minute charge rearrangements caused by polarization of the outer electron shell of the larger Ng atoms results in formation of polarized interactions for Ar and Kr with non-negligible covalent bond contributions for Kr. The present study shows that noble gas atoms can be trapped by small light-atom molecules without the forceful conditions necessary using cage structures such as fullerenes, boranes and related compounds or by using super-electrophilic sites like [B12(CN)11]- if the chelating effect of several Lewis acidic sites within one molecule is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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4
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Mebs S, Beckmann J. In silico activation of dinitrogen with a light atom molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20953-20967. [PMID: 35993454 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NN triple bond can be cleaved in silico with a light atom molecule containing only the earth abundant elements C, H, Si, and P. Extensive density functional theory (DFT) computations on various classes of peri-substituted scaffolds containing Lewis acidic and basic sites in the framework of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) indicate that the presence of two silyl cations and two P atoms in a flexible but not too flexible arrangement is essential for energy efficient N2-activation. The non-bonding lone-pair electrons of the P atoms thereby serve as donors towards N2, whereas the lone-pairs of N2 donate into the silyl cations. Newly formed lone-pair basins in the N2-adducts balance surplus charge. Thereby, the N-N bond distance is increased by astonishing 0.3 Å, from 1.1 Å in N2 gas to 1.4 Å in the adduct, which makes this bond prone to subsequent addition of hydride ions and protonation, forming two secondary amine sites in the process and eventually breaking the NN triple bond. Potential formation of dead-end states, in which the dications ("active states") aversively form a Lewis acid (LA)-Lewis base (LB) bond, or in which the LA and LB sites are too far away from each other to be able to capture N2, are problematic but might be circumvented by proper choice of spacer molecules, such as acenaphthalene or biphenylene, and the ligands attached to the LA and LB atoms, such as phenyl or mesityl, and by purging the reaction solutions with gaseous N2 in the initial reaction steps. Charge redistributions via N2-activation and splitting were monitored by a variety of real-space bonding indicators (RSBIs) derived from the calculated electron and electron pair densities, which provided valuable insight into the bonding situation within the different reaction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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5
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Sadek O, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D. Lewis pairing and frustration of group 13/15 elements geometrically enforced by (ace)naphthalene, biphenylene and (thio)xanthene backbones. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5777-5805. [PMID: 33972963 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and reactivity of mixed group 13/group 15 compounds (E13 = B, Al, Ga, In, Tl; E15 = N, P, Sb, Bi) featuring a rigid (ace)naphthalene or (thio)xanthene backbone are discussed in this review. The backbone may either enforce or prevent E15→E13 interactions, resulting in Lewis pairing or frustration. The formation of strong E15→E13 interactions is possible upon peri-substitution of (ace)naphthalenes. This gives the opportunity to access and study highly reactive species, as exemplified by P-stabilised borenium salts and boryl radicals. In turn, rigid expanded spacers such as biphenylenes, (thio)xanthenes and dibenzofurans impose long distances and geometrically prevent E15→E13 interactions. Such P-B derivatives display ambiphilic coordination properties and frustrated Lewis pair behaviour towards small molecules, their preorganised structure favouring reversible interaction/activation. Throughout the review, the importance of the scaffold in enforcing or preventing E15→E13 interactions is highlighted and discussed based on experimental data and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sadek
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France.
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6
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Furan S, Hupf E, Lork E, Beckmann J. Synthesis and Structure of 5‐Diphenylphosphino‐ acenaphth‐6‐yl Boronic Acid, Related Dialkyl Esters and Boroxine Rings. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinas Furan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
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7
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Denhof A, Olaru M, Lork E, Mebs S, Chęcińska L, Beckmann J. Silyl Cations Stabilized by Pincer Type Ligands with Adjustable Donor Atoms. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Denhof
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- Department of Chemistry Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre Babes‐Bolyai University 11 Arany Janos 400028 Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lilianna Chęcińska
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- Department of Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Lodz Pomorska 163/165 90‐236 Lodz Poland
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
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Duvinage D, Bottke P, Wark M, Lork E, Mebs S, Beckmann J. The Effect of Donor Additives on the Stability and Structure of 5-Diphenylphosphinoacenaphth-6-yllithium. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duvinage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie; Universität Bremen; Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Patrick Bottke
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Michael Wark
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie; Universität Bremen; Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimenthalpysik; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie; Universität Bremen; Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
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9
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Do TG, Hupf E, Lork E, Kögel JF, Mohr F, Brown A, Toyoda R, Sakamoto R, Nishihara H, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Aurophilicity and Photoluminescence of (6‐Diphenylpnicogenoacenaphth‐5‐yl)gold Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Truong Giang Do
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. T6G 2G2 Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Julius F. Kögel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Fabian Mohr
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften Anorganische Chemie Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. T6G 2G2 Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Anorganische Chemie The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku 113‐0033 Tokyo Japan
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Anorganische Chemie The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku 113‐0033 Tokyo Japan
- Anorganische Chemie JST‐PRESTO 4‐1‐8, Honcho, Kawaguchi 332‐0012 Saitama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Anorganische Chemie The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku 113‐0033 Tokyo Japan
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Anorganische Chemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
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10
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Olaru M, Krupke S, Lork E, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Transmetallation of bis(6-diphenylphosphinoxy-acenapth-5-yl)mercury with tin tetrachloride, antimony trichloride and bismuth trichloride. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5585-5594. [PMID: 30942221 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00827f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure of well-defined arylelement chlorides RSnCl4, RSnCl3·THF, RSbCl2, RSbCl2·THF and RBiCl2 is reported (R = 6-diphenylphosphinoxy-acenapth-5-yl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Sandra Krupke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
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11
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Mebs S, Beckmann J. Real-Space Bonding Indicator Analysis of the Donor–Acceptor Complexes X3BNY3, X3AlNY3, X3BPY3, and X3AlPY3 (X, Y = H, Me, Cl). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7717-7725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mebs
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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