Non-esterified fatty acids induce apoptosis via a ROS-dependent mechanism involving the mitochondrial pathway in bovine abomasal smooth muscle cells

Effects of non-esterified fatty acids on relative abundance of prostaglandin E2 and F2α synthesis-related mRNA transcripts and protein in endometrial cells of cattle in vitro

Cows nearing parturition have a negative energy balance (NEB), which is closely associated with lesser fertility. The NEB results in greater fat mobilisation and production of a large amount of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). Prostaglandins (PG), especially prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α), have important functions in regulating reproductive function. There, however, is little known about how the synthesis and release of PG are affected by NEFA. In this study, there was a focus on effects of NEFA on PG secretion as well as relative abundances of mRNA transcript and protein for PG synthetases and PG receptors in bovine endometrial (BEND) cells. Proliferation rate of BEND cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner as NEFA increased in the media. The concentrations of PGE₂ and PGF_2α in NEFA treatment groups also decreased, while the ratio of PGE₂/PGF_2α and the relative abundances of proteins and mRNA that regulate PG synthesis and PG receptor mRNA transcripts and protein were greater as the NEFA concentration increased. Collectively, when there were large NEFA concentrations in the medium, there was a lesser release of PGE₂ and PGF_2α, however, there was a greater ratio of PGE₂/PGF_2α and relative abundances of mRNA transcripts and protein for PG synthetases and PG receptors in BEND cells, which changed the internal milieu and physiological function of the uterus with possible effects on fertility after calving. These findings provide important information that will help for further investigation of associations between NEB and fertility in dairy cows during the non-lactation to lactation-transition period.