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Popov KK, Campbell JLP, Kysilka O, Hošek J, Davies CD, Pour M, Kočovský P. Reductive Amination Revisited: Reduction of Aldimines with Trichlorosilane Catalyzed by Dimethylformamide─Functional Group Tolerance, Scope, and Limitations. J Org Chem 2021; 87:920-943. [PMID: 34841878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aldimines, generated in situ from aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes and aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic primary or secondary amines, can be reduced with trichlorosilane in the presence of dimethylformamide (DMF) as an organocatalyst (≤10 mol %) in toluene or CH2Cl2 at room temperature. The reduction tolerates ketone carbonyls, esters, amides, nitriles, sulfones, sulfonamides, NO2, SF5, and CF3 groups, boronic esters, azides, phosphine oxides, C═C and C≡C bonds, and ferrocenyl nucleus, but sulfoxides and N-oxides are reduced. α,β-Unsaturated aldimines undergo 1,2-reduction only, leaving the C═C bond intact. N-Monoalkylation of primary amines is attained with a 1:1 aldehyde to amine ratio, whereas excess of the aldehyde (≥2:1) allows second alkylation, giving rise to tertiary amines. Reductive N-alkylation of α-amino acids proceeds without racemization; the resulting products, containing a C≡C bond or N3 group, are suitable for click chemistry. This reaction thus offers advantages over the traditional methods (borohydride reduction or catalytic hydrogenation) in terms of efficiency and chemoselectivity. Solubility of some of the reacting partners appears to be the only limitation. The byproducts generated by the workup with aqueous NaHCO3 (i.e., NaCl and silica) are environmentally benign. As a greener alternative, DMA can be employed as a catalyst instead of DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill K Popov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna L P Campbell
- Syngenta, Grangemouth Manufacturing Centre, Earl's Road, Grangemouth FK3 8XG, U.K
| | - Ondřej Kysilka
- Trelleborg Bohemia, Akademika Bedrny 531/8a, Věkoše, 500 03 Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hošek
- Farmak, Na vlčinci 16/3, Klášterní Hradisko, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Milan Pour
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kočovský
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Urzúa JI, Torneiro M. Divergent Synthesis of Porous Tetraphenylmethane Dendrimers. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13231-13238. [PMID: 29135247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetraphenylmethane-ethynylene-based shape-persistent dendrimers are a new class of nanoobjects with an intriguing 3D architecture. We report an efficient divergent strategy for their synthesis based on the Sonogashira Pd-catalyzed coupling of terminal alkynes with aryl iodides. As repeat unit, we prepared a tetraphenylmethane derivative bearing a terminal alkyne and three triazene moieties. Coupling of this building block to tetrakis(p-iodophenyl)methane afforded, after triazene activation, a dodecaiodo-terminated first generation dendrimer, which was transformed by another Sonogashira coupling into a methoxy-terminated second generation dendrimer with persistent globular shape and well-defined cavities. This work also unveils new aspects of triazene chemistry, i.e., the unprecedented efficient generation of an azo compound by mixing of a triazene with phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio I Urzúa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercedes Torneiro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Dahms B, Franke R, Waldvogel SR. Synthesis of Optically Pure Arylamine Derivatives by Using the Bucherer Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Dahms
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH; Paul-Baumann-Straße 1 45772 Marl Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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Zhang Y, Hu H, Liu CJ, Cao D, Wang B, Sun Y, Abdukader A. Highly Efficient Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Promoted Direct Diazenylation of Pyrazolones with Aryltriazenes under Mild Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 China
| | - Chen-Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dawei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 China
| | - Yadong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 China
| | - Ablimit Abdukader
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals; Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 China
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Reactivity of 5-nitro-2,1-benzothiazole-3-diazonium hydrogensulfate towards OH and CH acids: structure, spectral properties, tautomerism. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cao D, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang B, Sun Y, Abdukadera A, Hu H, Liu Q. Ionic Liquid Promoted Diazenylation of N-Heterocyclic Compounds with Aryltriazenes under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2016; 18:2000-3. [PMID: 27096379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, mild, and metal-free approach to direct diazenylation of N-heterocyclic compounds with aryltriazenes using Brønsted ionic liquid as a promoter has been developed for the first time. Many N-heterocyclic azo compounds were synthesized in good to excellent yields at room temperature under an open atmosphere. Notably, the promoter 1,3-bis(4-sulfobutyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium hydrogen sulfate could be conveniently recycled and reused with the same efficacies for at least four cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry Detecting Center, Xinjiang University , Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry Detecting Center, Xinjiang University , Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
| | - Chenjiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry Detecting Center, Xinjiang University , Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry Detecting Center, Xinjiang University , Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry Detecting Center, Xinjiang University , Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
| | - Ablimit Abdukadera
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry Detecting Center, Xinjiang University , Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry Detecting Center, Xinjiang University , Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry Detecting Center, Xinjiang University , Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
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