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Stout K, Peters TPJ, Mabesoone MFJ, Visschers FLL, Meijer EM, Klop J, van den Berg J, White PB, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM, Elemans JAAW. Double Porphyrin Cage Compounds. European J Org Chem 2020; 2020:7087-7100. [PMID: 33380897 PMCID: PMC7756431 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of double porphyrin cage compounds are described. They consist of two porphyrins that are each attached to a diphenylglycoluril-based clip molecule via four ethyleneoxy spacers, and are linked together by a single alkyl chain using "click"-chemistry. Following a newly developed multistep synthesis procedure we report three of these double porphyrin cages, linked by spacers of different lengths, i.e. 3, 5, and 11 carbon atoms. The structures of the double porphyrin cages were fully characterized by NMR, which revealed that they consist of mixtures of two diastereoisomers. Their zinc derivatives are capable of forming sandwich-like complexes with the ditopic ligand 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (dabco).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Stout
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Theo P. J. Peters
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Mathijs F. J. Mabesoone
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Fabian L. L. Visschers
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Eline M. Meijer
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joëlle‐Rose Klop
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van den Berg
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Rds (Bldg 75)The University of Queensland4072Brisbane QldAustralia
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
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Robson RN, Hay BP, Pfeffer FM. To Cooperate or Not: The Role of Central Functionality in Bisthiourea [6]polynorbornane Hosts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N. Robson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Pigdons road 3217 Waurn Ponds VIC. Australia
- Department or Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East 10003 New York NY. USA
| | - Benjamin P. Hay
- Supramolecular Design Institute 127 Chestnut Hill Rd 37830 Oak Ridge TN. USA
| | - Frederick M. Pfeffer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Pigdons road 3217 Waurn Ponds VIC. Australia
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Murphy RB, Pham DT, Johnston MR. A Tetra-Porphyrin Host Exhibiting Interannular Cooperativity. Chemistry 2019; 25:13037-13043. [PMID: 31402518 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently identified as another form of cooperativity, interannular cooperativity is rarely observed in supramolecular chemistry. A tetra-porphyrin molecular tweezer with two bis-porphyrin binding sites is reported that exhibits archetypal interannular cooperativity when complexing 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). The UV/Vis titration data best supported a 1:2 plus 2:2 plus 1:4 complexation model (host:guest), giving K12 =6.32×1013 m-2 , K22 =3.04×1020 m-3 , and K14 =1.92×1016 m-4 in CHCl3 . The NMR titration data supported the formation of two sandwich species, including tetra-porphyrin⋅(DABCO)2 as the major species, although there are speciation differences between UV/Vis and NMR concentrations. Using statistical analysis, interannular cooperativity (γ) for tetra-porphyrin⋅(DABCO)2 was determined to be negative (γ=2.41×10-3 ), which may be explained by DABCO being too small to be optimally bound simultaneously at both bis-porphyrin binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys B Murphy
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia.,Present address: ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Duc-Truc Pham
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martin R Johnston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia
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Lensen MC, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE, Pyckhout-Hintzen W, Feiters MC, Elemans JAAW. Self-assembly of porphyrin hexamers via bidentate metal-ligand coordination. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14277-14287. [PMID: 29881835 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular assembly of metal-porphyrin hexamers with bidentate ligands in chloroform solutions is demonstrated by UV/Vis and 1H NMR-titrations, and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) experiments. Titrations of zinc porphyrin hexamer Zn1 with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) revealed that at a DABCO/Zn1 molar ratio of 3, intermolecular sandwich complexes are formed, which can be considered as "circular-shaped porphyrin ladders". These supramolecular complexes further aggregate into larger polymeric stacks, as a result of a combination of cooperativity effects, π-π stacking interactions, and chelate effects. The presence of rodlike assemblies in solution, formed by assembly of Zn1 and DABCO, is confirmed by SANS-experiments. Using a model for cylindrical assemblies, curve fitting calculations reveal that rods with an average length of 26 nm and a radius of 30-35 Å were formed, corresponding to columnar stacks of approximately 30 hexamer molecules. In contrast, the metal-free hexamer H21 did not form extended assemblies due to the absence of coordinative intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marga C Lensen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Murphy RB, Pham DT, White JM, Lincoln SF, Johnston MR. Molecular tweezers with a rotationally restricted linker and freely rotating porphyrin moieties. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6206-6223. [PMID: 30106402 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00944a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the degree of conformational rigidity and/or flexibility on preorganisation in artificial molecular receptors continues to be actively explored by supramolecular chemists. This work describes a bis-porphyrin architecture, linked via a rigid polycyclic backbone, in which a sterically bulky 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl diimide core restricts rotation to afford two non-interconvertible tweezer conformations; syn- and anti-. After separation, the host-guest chemistry of each conformation was studied independently. The difference in host geometry allows only the syn-conformation to form a strong 1 : 1 bis-porphyrin complex with the diamino ligand 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) (K11 = 1.25 × 108 M-1), with the anti-conformation adopting a 2 : 2 sandwich complex with DABCO (K22 = 5.57 × 1017 M-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys B Murphy
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia.
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Murphy RB, Norman RE, White JM, Perkins MV, Johnston MR. Tetra-porphyrin molecular tweezers: two binding sites linked via a polycyclic scaffold and rotating phenyl diimide core. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8707-8720. [PMID: 27722492 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01588c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a tetra-porphyrin molecular tweezer with two binding sites is described. The bis-porphyrin binding sites are aligned by a polycyclic scaffold and linked via a freely rotating phenyl diimide core. Synthesis was achieved using a divergent approach employing a novel coupling method for linking two polycyclic units to construct the core, with a copper(ii)-mediated phenyl boronic acid coupling found to extend to our polycyclic imide derivative. We expect this chemistry to be a powerful tool in accessing functional polycyclic supramolecular architectures in applications where north/south reactivity and/or directional interactions between modules are important. Porphyrin receptor functionalisation was undertaken last, by a four-fold ACE coupling reaction on the tetra-epoxide derivative of the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Murphy
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - R E Norman
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - J M White
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M V Perkins
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - M R Johnston
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia.
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Schouwey C, Papmeyer M, Scopelliti R, Severin K. A heterometallic macrocycle as a redox-controlled molecular hinge. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2252-8. [PMID: 25521255 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to modify the structure of nanoscopic assemblies in a controlled fashion is an important prerequisite for the creation of functional supramolecular systems. Here, we describe a heterometallic Pt2Cu2-macrocycle which behaves as a molecular hinge. A square-planar Pt(ii) complex with pendent 2-formylpyridine groups was synthesized and structurally characterized. Condensation of the complex with benzylamine followed by reaction with Cu(MeCN)4BF4 resulted in the formation of a rectangular Pt2Cu2-macrocycle. Upon chemical oxidation of the Cu centers, the macrocycle folds up to adopt a butterfly-like geometry in which the Pt centers approach each other. This process can be reversed by chemical reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Schouwey
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Rawal A, Hook JM, Robson RN, Gunzelmann D, Pfeffer FM, O'Dell LA. Solid-state NMR as a probe of anion binding: molecular dynamics and associations in a [5]polynorbornane bisurea host complexed with terephthalate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22195-203. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03628c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A suite of solid-state NMR experiments is used to study a supramolecular complex consisting of a [5]polynorbornane bisurea host and terephthalate dianion guest, revealing information on the dynamics of both the host and guest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rawal
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- NSW 2052
- Australia
| | - James M. Hook
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- NSW 2052
- Australia
| | - Ryan N. Robson
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Victoria 3220
- Australia
| | - Daniel Gunzelmann
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Victoria 3220
- Australia
| | - Frederick M. Pfeffer
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Victoria 3220
- Australia
| | - Luke A. O'Dell
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Victoria 3220
- Australia
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Johnstone MD, Frank M, Clever GH, Pfeffer FM. Rapid Solvent-Free Synthesis of Pyridyl-Functionalised [5]Polynorbornane-Based Ligands for Metal-Organic Rings and Cages. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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