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Kirichok AA, Tkachuk H, Kozyriev Y, Shablykin O, Datsenko O, Granat D, Yegorova T, Bas YP, Semirenko V, Pishel I, Kubyshkin V, Lesyk D, Klymenko-Ulianov O, Mykhailiuk PK. 1-Azaspiro[3.3]heptane as a Bioisostere of Piperidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202311583. [PMID: 37819253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
1-Azaspiro[3.3]heptanes were synthesized, characterized, and validated biologically as bioisosteres of piperidine. The key synthesis step was thermal [2+2] cycloaddition between endocyclic alkenes and the Graf isocyanate, ClO2 S-NCO, to give spirocyclic β-lactams. Reduction of the β-lactam ring with alane produced 1-azaspiro[3.3]heptanes. Incorporation of this core into the anesthetic drug bupivacaine instead of the piperidine fragment resulted in a new patent-free analogue with high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Kirichok
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Chemistry, Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Yevhenii Kozyriev
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Faculty of Chemistry, 72 Gagarina Ave., 49010, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Akademika Kukharya 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Dmitry Granat
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Yegorova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Chemistry, Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliya P Bas
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Chemistry, Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Pishel
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Dmytro Lesyk
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Chemistry, Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
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2
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Sztanó G, Dobi Z, Soós T. Strain and Complexity, Passerini and Ugi Reactions of Four-Membered Heterocycles and Further Elaboration of TOSMIC Product. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200083. [PMID: 37548280 PMCID: PMC10405247 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Straightforward and general Passerini and Ugi procedures have been developed to incorporate four-membered heterocycles into highly functionalized scaffolds. Additionally, toslymethyl isocyanide (TosMIC)-derived Ugi adducts have been prepared, showcasing the prospect of the multicomponent reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Sztanó
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapest1519Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of ChemistryELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapest1117Pázmány Péter sétány 1/AHungary
| | - Zoltán Dobi
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapest1519Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapest1519Hungary
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Albitz K, Csókás D, Dobi Z, Pápai I, Soós T. Late-Stage Formal Double C-H Oxidation of Prenylated Molecules to Alkylidene Oxetanes and Azetidines by Strain-Enabled Cross-Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216879. [PMID: 36629402 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Prenylation is a ubiquitous late-stage modification in nature that often confers significantly improved bioactivity for secondary metabolites. While this lipophilic modification renders enhanced potency, the lipophilic tag(s) can diminish bioavailability and adversely alter drug transportation and metabolism. Thus, a functional-group-tolerant, mild, and selective late-stage C-H functionalization of prenyl tags would present a great potential in drug discovery programs but could also impact other fields, such as agrochemistry and chemical biology. Herein we report an exocyclic-strain-driven cross-metathesis reaction of prenyl tags, a formal double C-H oxidation protocol, that can be used for the selective late-stage derivatization of prenylated compounds and natural products. This methodology avoids the need for prefunctionalization of target molecules and affords ready access to an unprecedented library of oxo- and aza-prenylated complex molecules. Thus, in a broader context, this methodology extends late-stage functionalization beyond that available to nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Albitz
- Organocatalysis Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/A Pázmány Péter sétány, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Dobi
- Organocatalysis Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Organocatalysis Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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Castro-Alvarez A, Carneros H, Calafat J, Costa AM, Marco C, Vilarrasa J. NMR and Computational Studies on the Reactions of Enamines with Nitroalkenes That May Pass through Cyclobutanes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18167-18194. [PMID: 31720519 PMCID: PMC6844152 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of aldehyde enamines to nitroalkenes affords cyclobutanes in all solvents, with all of the pyrrolidine and proline derivatives tested by us and with all of the substrates we have examined. Depending on the temperature, concentration of water, solvent polarity, and other factors, the opening and hydrolysis of such a four-membered ring may take place rapidly or last for several days, producing the final Michael-like adducts (4-nitrobutanals). Thirteen new cyclobutanes have now been characterized by NMR spectroscopy. As could be expected, s-trans-enamine conformers give rise to all-trans-(4S)-4-nitrocyclobutylpyrrolidines, while s-cis-enamine conformers afford all-trans-(4R)-4-nitrocyclobutylpyrrolidines. These four-membered rings can isomerize to adduct enamines, which should be hydrolyzed via their iminium ions. MP2 and M06-2X calculations predict that one iminium ion is more stable than the other iminium species, so that protonation of the adduct enamines can be quite stereoselective; in the presence of water, the so-called syn adducts (e.g., OCH-*CHR-*CHPh-CH2NO2, with R and Ph syn) eventually become the major products. Why one syn adduct is obtained with aldehydes, whereas cyclic ketones (the predicted ring-fused cyclobutanes of which isomerize to their enamines more easily) produce the other syn adduct, is also explained by means of molecular orbital calculations. Nitro-Michael reactions of aldehyde enamines that "stop" at the nitrocyclobutane stage and final enamine stage do not work catalytically, as known, but those of cyclic ketone enamines that do not work stop at the final enamine stage (if their hydrolysis to the corresponding nitroethylketones is less favorable than expected). These and other facts are accounted for, and the proposals of the groups led by Seebach and Hayashi, Blackmond, and Pihko and Papai are reconciled.
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Dong M, Ji Z, Zhang B, Guo C, Jiao M, Chen B. A computational study into the origin of reactivity and selectivity of organocatalyzed [2 + 2] reactions between α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and nitroolefins. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Dong
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Ziyue Ji
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Chenchen Guo
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Mingyang Jiao
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Bo‐Zhen Chen
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
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Zhong X, Tang Q, Zhou P, Zhong Z, Dong S, Liu X, Feng X. Asymmetric synthesis of polysubstituted methylenecyclobutanes via catalytic [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of N-allenamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10511-10514. [PMID: 30167604 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06416d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of alkylidene malonates with the internal C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond of N-allenamides was developed with a MgII/N,N'-dioxide complex as a catalyst. Various polysubstituted methylenecyclobutanes were afforded in good yields (up to 99%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee) under mild conditions. The utility of the donor-acceptor cyclobutane product was demonstrated as a masked 1,4-dipole in the formal [4+2] annulation reaction with a silyl enol ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
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Tavani C, Bianchi L, Giorgi G, Maccagno M, Petrillo G. Densely Functionalized 2-Methylideneazetidines from Nitrodienic Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Tavani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Lara Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia; Università di Siena; Via A. Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Massimo Maccagno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Giovanni Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
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Pancholi AK, Iacobini GP, Clarkson GJ, Porter DW, Shipman M. Synthesis of 4,5-Diazaspiro[2.3]hexanes and 1,2-Diazaspiro[3.3]heptanes as Hexahydropyridazine Analogues. J Org Chem 2018; 83:491-498. [PMID: 29183129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
4,5-Diazaspiro[2.3]hexanes are made by dihalocarbene addition across the exocyclic double bond of readily accessible 3-alkylidene-1,2-diazetidines. Using difluorocarbene, generated from TMSCF3/NaI, these spirocycles were produced in yields up to 97% by stereospecific addition across the alkene. Lower yields (up to 64%) were observed using more reactive dichlorocarbene, due to competitive insertion of the carbene into the N-N bond. Larger 1,2-diazaspiro[3.3]heptanes are produced by [2 + 2] cycloaddition of 3-alkylidene-1,2-diazetidines with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in up to 99% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa K Pancholi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Greg P Iacobini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - David W Porter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre , Wimblehurst Road, West Sussex, RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Shipman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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