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Magoulas GE, Afroudakis P, Georgikopoulou K, Roussaki M, Borsari C, Fotopoulou T, Santarem N, Barrias E, Tejera Nevado P, Hachenberg J, Bifeld E, Ellinger B, Kuzikov M, Fragiadaki I, Scoulica E, Clos J, Gul S, Costi MP, de Souza W, Prousis KC, Cordeiro da Silva A, Calogeropoulou T. Design, Synthesis and Antiparasitic Evaluation of Click Phospholipids. Molecules 2021; 26:4204. [PMID: 34299479 PMCID: PMC8305768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of seventeen novel ether phospholipid analogues, containing 5-membered heterocyclic rings (1,2,3-triazolyl, isoxazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl and 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl) in the lipid portion were designed and synthesized aiming to identify optimised miltefosine analogues. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiparasitic activity against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani intracellular amastigotes, against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and against different developmental stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. The nature of the substituents of the heterocyclic ring (tail) and the oligomethylene spacer between the head group and the heterocyclic ring was found to affect the activity and toxicity of these compounds leading to a significantly improved understanding of their structure-activity relationships. The early ADMET profile of the new derivatives did not reveal major liabilities for the potent compounds. The 1,2,3-triazole derivative 27 substituted by a decyl tail, an undecyl spacer and a choline head group exhibited broad spectrum antiparasitic activity. It possessed low micromolar activity against the intracellular amastigotes of two L. infantum strains and T. cruzi Y strain epimastigotes, intracellular amastigotes and trypomastigotes, while its cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) against THP-1 macrophages ranged between 50 and 100 μM. Altogether, our work paves the way for the development of improved ether phospholipid derivatives to control neglected tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E. Magoulas
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Chemical Biology, 11653 Athens, Greece; (G.E.M.); (P.A.); (K.G.); (M.R.); (T.F.); (K.C.P.)
| | - Pantelis Afroudakis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Chemical Biology, 11653 Athens, Greece; (G.E.M.); (P.A.); (K.G.); (M.R.); (T.F.); (K.C.P.)
| | - Kalliopi Georgikopoulou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Chemical Biology, 11653 Athens, Greece; (G.E.M.); (P.A.); (K.G.); (M.R.); (T.F.); (K.C.P.)
| | - Marina Roussaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Chemical Biology, 11653 Athens, Greece; (G.E.M.); (P.A.); (K.G.); (M.R.); (T.F.); (K.C.P.)
| | - Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Theano Fotopoulou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Chemical Biology, 11653 Athens, Greece; (G.E.M.); (P.A.); (K.G.); (M.R.); (T.F.); (K.C.P.)
| | - Nuno Santarem
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (N.S.); (A.C.d.S.)
- Parasite Disease Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emile Barrias
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (E.B.); (W.d.S.)
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Paloma Tejera Nevado
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (P.T.N.); (J.H.); (E.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Julia Hachenberg
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (P.T.N.); (J.H.); (E.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Eugenia Bifeld
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (P.T.N.); (J.H.); (E.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Bernhard Ellinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 22525 Hamburg, Germany; (B.E.); (M.K.); (S.G.)
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Kuzikov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 22525 Hamburg, Germany; (B.E.); (M.K.); (S.G.)
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irini Fragiadaki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (I.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Effie Scoulica
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (I.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Joachim Clos
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (P.T.N.); (J.H.); (E.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 22525 Hamburg, Germany; (B.E.); (M.K.); (S.G.)
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (E.B.); (W.d.S.)
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Kyriakos C. Prousis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Chemical Biology, 11653 Athens, Greece; (G.E.M.); (P.A.); (K.G.); (M.R.); (T.F.); (K.C.P.)
| | - Anabela Cordeiro da Silva
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (N.S.); (A.C.d.S.)
- Parasite Disease Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Theodora Calogeropoulou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Chemical Biology, 11653 Athens, Greece; (G.E.M.); (P.A.); (K.G.); (M.R.); (T.F.); (K.C.P.)
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Abstract
Abstract
The integration of nanoparticles with magnetic, ferroelectric or semiconducting properties into liquid crystals (LCs) has attracted great interest both for fundamental investigations and for technological applications. Here, an overview of hybrid materials based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and thermotropic LCs is given. After a general introduction to thermotropic LCs and LC-MNP hybrid materials, various preparation methods established by us are presented. The synthesis of shape-(an)isotropic MNPs, their functionalization by tailored (pro)mesogenic ligands with linear or dendritic structures and their integration into LC hosts are discussed. The characterization of the MNPs, (pro)mesogenic ligands and resulting MNP-LC hybrid materials is described to show the influence of MNP functionalization on the MNP-LC interactions including aspects such as colloidal stability and structuring in the LC host. Overall, we show that the physical properties of the hybrid material are significantly influenced not only by the MNPs (i.e., their size, shape and composition) but also by their surface properties (i.e., the structure of the (pro)mesogenic ligands).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hähsler
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Postfach 3640 , 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ingo Appel
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Postfach 3640 , 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Postfach 3640 , 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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