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Rathod VD, Paganelli S, Kočevar M, Krivec M, Piccolo O. Improved Process for the Synthesis of 3-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)propanal for More Sustainable Production of Cinacalcet HCl. Molecules 2023; 28:6042. [PMID: 37630295 PMCID: PMC10458415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinacalcet (I), sold as hydrochloride salt, is a calcimimetic drug which has been approved for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal disease and for the treatment of hypercalcemia in patients with parathyroid carcinoma. Here, an improved method for the synthesis of 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)propanal (II), a key intermediate for the preparation of I, is described. The protocol required a Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reaction between 1-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene and acroleine diethyl acetal, catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of nBu4NOAc (tetrabutylammonium acetate), followed by the hydrogenation reaction of the crude mixture of products in a cascade process. Palladium species, at the end of the reaction, were efficiently recovered as Pd/Al2O3. The procedure was developed under conventional heating conditions as well as under microwave-assisted conditions. The obtained mixture of 1-(3,3-diethoxypropyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (III), impure for ethyl 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) propanoate (IV), was finally treated, under mild conditions, with potassium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (PDBBA) to obtain after hydrolysis 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)propanal (II), in an excellent overall yield and very high purity. Microwave conditions permitted a reduction in reaction times without affecting selectivity and yield. The final API was obtained through reductive amination of (II) with (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine (V) using a catalyst prepared by us with a very low content of precious metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Damu Rathod
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (V.D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (V.D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Marijan Kočevar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marko Krivec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (M.K.)
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Wang X, Li LJ, Wang ZY, Xu H, Dai HX. Homologation of aryl ketones to long-chain ketones and aldehydes via C-C bond cleavage. iScience 2022; 25:104505. [PMID: 35720269 PMCID: PMC9204744 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage is a powerful tool for the reconstruction of a molecular skeleton. We report herein the multi-carbon homologation of aryl ketones to long-chain ketones and aldehydes via ligand-promoted Ar-C(O) bond cleavage and subsequent cross coupling with alkenols. Various (hetero)aryl ketones are compatible in the reaction, affording the corresponding products wtih good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. Further applications in the late-stage diversification of biologically important molecules demonstrate the synthetic utility of this protocol. Mechanistic studies indicate that the ligand plays an important role in both C-C bond cleavage and the asymmetric migration-insertion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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3
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Gong K, Li C, Zhang D, Lu H, Wang Y, Li H, Zhang H. Sulfonic acid functionalized covalent organic frameworks as efficient catalyst for the one-pot tandem reactions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Efficient conversion of d-mannitol into 1,2:5,6-diacetonide with Aquivion-H as a recyclable catalyst. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108229. [PMID: 33401228 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous solid catalysis by the commercially available perfluorosulfonic ionomer Aquivion-H allowed 1,2:5,6-diacetonide of d-mannitol (1), immediate precursor of important unichiral C3-synthons, to be efficiently obtained from d-mannitol and 2,2-dimethoxypropane in DMF at room temperature. The 1,2-monoacetonide, whose intermediate formation is the rate-limiting step, could be almost completely converted into 1 with limited concurrent transformation of 1 into triacetonides. In line with recent literature reports, these results indicate that heterogeneous catalysis by Aquivion-H surpasses the performances of homogeneous acidic catalysis assuring, presumably for its peculiar morphology, a higher product selectivity. Easy recovery at the end of the reaction and recyclability are additional advantages of this solid acid catalyst.
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Bavo F, Pallavicini M, Gotti C, Appiani R, Moretti M, Colombo SF, Pucci S, Viani P, Budriesi R, Renzi M, Fucile S, Bolchi C. Modifications at C(5) of 2-(2-Pyrrolidinyl)-Substituted 1,4-Benzodioxane Elicit Potent α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonism with High Selectivity over the α3β4 Subtype. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15668-15692. [PMID: 33325696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of diastereomeric 2-(2-pyrrolidinyl)-1,4-benzodioxanes bearing a small, hydrogen-bonding substituent at the 7-, 6-, or 5-position of benzodioxane have been studied for α4β2 and α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor affinity and activity. Analogous to C(5)H replacement with N and to a much greater extent than decoration at C(7), substitution at benzodioxane C(5) confers very high α4β2/α3β4 selectivity to the α4β2 partial agonism. Docking into the two receptor structures recently determined by cryo-electron microscopy and site-directed mutagenesis at the minus β2 side converge in indicating that the limited accommodation capacity of the β2 pocket, compared to that of the β4 pocket, makes substitution at C(5) rather than at more projecting C(7) position determinant for this pursued subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Milena Moretti
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Pucci
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy.,Hunimed University, Via Rita Levi-Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, I-20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Renzi
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinese 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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Ouyang L, Xia Y, Liao J, Luo R. One‐Pot Transfer Hydrogenation Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones by Iridium Complexes “on Water”. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Yanping Xia
- School of Pharmacy Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- School of Pharmacy Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Renshi Luo
- School of Pharmacy Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
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