1
|
Härtel TM, Hoch F, Back MD. Differential Behavioral Pathways Linking Personality to Leadership Emergence and Effectiveness in Groups. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672241246388. [PMID: 38655833 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241246388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study integrates leadership process models with process models of personality and behavioral personality science to examine the behavioral-perceptual pathways that explain interpersonal personality traits' divergent relation to group leadership evaluations. We applied data from an online group interaction study (N = 364) alternately assigning participants as leaders conducting brief tasks. We used four variable types to build the pathways in multiple mediator models: (a) Self-reported personality traits, (b) video recordings of expressed interpersonal behaviors coded by 6 trained raters, (c) interpersonal impressions, and (d) mutual evaluations of leadership emergence/effectiveness. We find interpersonal big five traits to differently relate to the two leadership outcomes via the behavioral-perceptual pathways: Extraversion was more important to leadership emergence due to impressions of assertiveness evoked by task-focused behavior being strongly valued. Agreeableness/emotional stability were more important to leadership effectiveness due to impressions of trustworthiness/calmness evoked by member-focused/calm behavior being stronger valued.
Collapse
|
2
|
Jenaro C, Flores Robaina N, Sánchez Gil LM, Torres Apolo VA, Arias VB. Construction and Validation of a Scale to Assess Social Judgments Toward Sex Work from the Stereotype Content Model. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38588604 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2332932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sex workers (SW) are subject to social judgment and the associated attitudes, ranging from admiration to contempt. The presence of stereotypical attitudes toward SW is common and can be analyzed using the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), where the concepts of warmth and competence play a central role. The interweaving of both dimensions allows the identification of four emotions and corresponding political positions toward SW: admiration (non-interventionism), pity (abolitionism), contempt (prohibitionism), and fear (regulationism). From the SCM framework, this study offers the construction, validation and performance of a 25-item scale with a snowball sample of 1,543 participants residing in Spanish-speaking countries. The four-factor hypothesized model yielded adequate values. Internal consistency was sufficient on all factors, as was model-based reliability and convergent validity. The scale also showed measurement invariance between gender and age groups, suggesting that the measure is interpreted in a conceptually similar manner by respondents representing different genders or ages. Further analysis revealed that male participants scored significantly higher on admiration. Baby boomers showed less pity and contempt while Millennials showed more fear and less admiration. SW and those who know or work with SW showed less fear and pity and more admiration. The SCM and the process of developing social judgments offer us a way to understand the differences that underlie irreconcilable policy positions. Overcoming these differences requires mutual understanding from scientific frameworks instead of from ideological perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jenaro
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, Universidad de Salamanca
| | - Noelia Flores Robaina
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, Universidad de Salamanca
| | - Luis Miguel Sánchez Gil
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, School of Law, Universidad de Salamanca
| | - Víctor Andrés Torres Apolo
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, Universidad de Salamanca
| | - Víctor B Arias
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, Universidad de Salamanca
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang Y, Huang L, Liu L, Tan X, Ren D. Impacts of Unethical Behavior on Self-Esteem: A Contingent Dual-Process Model. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672241236983. [PMID: 38506187 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241236983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported mixed findings on how and why unethical behavior affects self-esteem. To address this issue, a contingent dual-process model is proposed and tested. The model postulates a negative impact of unethical behavior on self-esteem through decreased morality, a positive effect through increased competence, and the relative strength of these two paths depending on system-justifying motives. Studies using unethical behavior for self-interest (Studies 1 and 2), involving ingroup interest (Study 3), and measuring (Studies 1 and 3) and manipulating general system justification (Study 2) provide support for the model. By identifying the effects of system-justifying motives and linking the two competing paths, the model reconciles inconsistencies in previous research regarding how self-esteem is influenced by unethical behavior and reveals the underlying mechanism of this association. Accordingly, the current research constructs a motivational and superordinate framework to clarify the dynamic consequences of unethical behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- Army Engineering University of PLA, Xuzhou, China
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Li Liu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyun Tan
- Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deyun Ren
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schmitz M, Vanbeneden A, Yzerbyt V. The many faces of compensation: The similarities and differences between social and facial models of perception. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297887. [PMID: 38394248 PMCID: PMC10890726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research shows that stereotypes can distort the visual representation of groups in a top-down fashion. In the present endeavor, we tested if the compensation effect-the negative relationship that emerges between the social dimensions of warmth and competence when judging two social targets-would bias the visual representations of these targets in a compensatory way. We captured participants' near spontaneous facial prototypes of social targets by means of an unconstrained technique, namely the reverse correlation. We relied on a large multi-phase study (N = 869) and found that the expectations of the facial content of two novel groups that differed on one of the two social dimensions are biased in a compensatory manner on the facial dimensions of trustworthiness, warmth, and dominance but not competence. The present research opens new avenues by showing that compensation not only manifests itself on abstract ratings but that it also orients the visual representations of social targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schmitz
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Antoine Vanbeneden
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Vincent Yzerbyt
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Panerati S, Rubini M, Giannella VA, Menegatti M, Moscatelli S. A multidimensional implicit approach to gender stereotypes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1280207. [PMID: 38022954 PMCID: PMC10667913 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1280207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has widely explained gender inequalities in terms of gender stereotypes, according to which women are considered more nurturing, empathic, and emotional but less competent - than men. Recent evidence highlights that especially women are portrayed along multiple dimensions. In this research, we adopted an implicit Semantic Misattribution procedure to detect whether gender stereotypes have a multidimensional structure and are differently attributed to men and women. Results showed that Competence and Dominance-related terms were considered more masculine ones. In contrast, Morality and Physical Attractiveness were attributed to feminine ideograms to a higher and significant extent than masculine ones. Sociability was related to feminine and masculine ideograms almost to the same extent. The gathered evidence provided a multidimensional picture even composed of more judgment dimensions with reference to women highlighting how it can be difficult for them to meet all those multiple expectancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Panerati
- Department of Psychology ‘Renzo Canestrari’, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Rubini
- Department of Psychology ‘Renzo Canestrari’, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria A. Giannella
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Menegatti
- Department of Psychology ‘Renzo Canestrari’, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Moscatelli
- Department of Psychology ‘Renzo Canestrari’, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fousiani K, Sypes C, Armenta BM. Applying for remote jobs? You'd better be competent! Teleworking turns recruiters attention to candidate competence over warmth-related skills. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
7
|
Lai L. The effects of social vs. personal power on universal dimensions of social perception. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1050287. [PMID: 36687895 PMCID: PMC9845706 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study expands previous research on the effects of power on stereotyping by investigating the impact of two types of power (social power and personal power) on two universal dimensions of social perception; warmth and competence. Results from an experiment (N = 377) in which participants were randomly assigned to provide their impression of either (1) poor people or (2) rich people, suggest that the two types of power produce different effects on perceptions of warmth and competence. Personal power increased stereotype consistent perceptions of warmth whereas social power increased stereotype consistent perceptions of competence as well as agency, which was identified as a separate dimension. The pattern of results is discussed in view of previous work on power effects and stereotyping, and potential explanations and suggestions for future research are outlined.
Collapse
|
8
|
Evaluation of the Self on the Big Two and their Facets: Exploring the Model and its Nomological Network. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5334/irsp.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
9
|
Dierckx K, Van Hiel A, Valcke B, Sekwena EK, De Souter L, Braet J, Haesevoets T. What drives the perceived prejudice asymmetry among advantaged group members? The mediating role of social group power and moral obligations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Dierckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Department of Developmental Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Department of Developmental Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Barbara Valcke
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Department of Developmental Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Eva Kefilwe Sekwena
- Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology with Labour Relations Management Northwest University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Laura De Souter
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Department of Developmental Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jolien Braet
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Department of Developmental Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Tessa Haesevoets
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Department of Developmental Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhang Q. Appraising and reacting to voluntary green behavior at work: The effects of green motive attribution. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1010588. [PMID: 36225689 PMCID: PMC9548997 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1010588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from the perspective of social perception of voluntary employee green behavior (VEGB) and studies on the attribution of VEGB, we explore the phenomenon that employees can show different perceptions and behavioral responses to VEGB according to their attribution to VEGB. We served to examine the hypotheses. The results of a two-wave study show that when employees believe VEGB is motivated by instrumental concerns, VEGB is more likely to evoke a low level of warmth and competence, which produces less green advocacy. However, if employees believe VEGB is motivated by moral reasons, VEGB is more likely to prompt more warmth and competence perceptions and elicit greener advocacy from employees. In addition, theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- College of Philosophy, Law and Political Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- College of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- School of Marxism, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qiwen Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fousiani K, Van Prooijen JW, Armenta B. Appearing competent or moral? The role of organizational goals in the evaluation of candidates. Front Psychol 2022; 13:923329. [PMID: 36176794 PMCID: PMC9513611 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Big Two theoretical framework suggests that two traits, namely morality and competence, govern social judgments of individuals and that morality shows a primacy effect over competence because it has more diagnostic value. In this study we tested the primacy effect of morality in the workplace by examining how instrumental or relational goals of organizations might influence the importance of morality or competence of candidates during the hiring process. We hypothesized that the primacy effect of morality might hold when organizational goals are relational, but it might get reversed when organizational goals are instrumental. Supporting our hypothesis, in a field study and two experiments (both preregistered) we found that people perceive moral candidates as more appropriate for recruitment when an organization prioritizes relational goals (Studies 1, 2, and 3). In contrast, people perceive competent candidates as more appropriate for recruitment when an organization prioritizes instrumental goals (Studies 1 and 2). Perceived appropriateness of a candidate, in turn, predicts a stronger intention to recruit a candidate (Studies 2 and 3). These results provide evidence for a reversal of the primacy effect of morality in a work setting, and illuminate the important role of organizational goals in social judgments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Fousiani
- Department of Organizational Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Bibiana Armenta
- Department of Social Psychology, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The role of “communion” and “agency” in college students’ first impressions of their peers. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
13
|
Moradbakhti L, Schreibelmayr S, Mara M. Do Men Have No Need for “Feminist” Artificial Intelligence? Agentic and Gendered Voice Assistants in the Light of Basic Psychological Needs. Front Psychol 2022; 13:855091. [PMID: 35774945 PMCID: PMC9239329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.855091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is supposed to perform tasks autonomously, make competent decisions, and interact socially with people. From a psychological perspective, AI can thus be expected to impact users’ three Basic Psychological Needs (BPNs), namely (i) autonomy, (ii) competence, and (iii) relatedness to others. While research highlights the fulfillment of these needs as central to human motivation and well-being, their role in the acceptance of AI applications has hitherto received little consideration. Addressing this research gap, our study examined the influence of BPN Satisfaction on Intention to Use (ITU) an AI assistant for personal banking. In a 2×2 factorial online experiment, 282 participants (154 males, 126 females, two non-binary participants) watched a video of an AI finance coach with a female or male synthetic voice that exhibited either high or low agency (i.e., capacity for self-control). In combination, these factors resulted either in AI assistants conforming to traditional gender stereotypes (e.g., low-agency female) or in non-conforming conditions (e.g., high-agency female). Although the experimental manipulations had no significant influence on participants’ relatedness and competence satisfaction, a strong effect on autonomy satisfaction was found. As further analyses revealed, this effect was attributable only to male participants, who felt their autonomy need significantly more satisfied by the low-agency female assistant, consistent with stereotypical images of women, than by the high-agency female assistant. A significant indirect effects model showed that the greater autonomy satisfaction that men, unlike women, experienced from the low-agency female assistant led to higher ITU. The findings are discussed in terms of their practical relevance and the risk of reproducing traditional gender stereotypes through technology design.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liebenow HA, Boucher KL, Cassidy BS. Understanding Evaluations of Kamala Harris in 2020: Political Ideology Qualifies Perceived Communality Effects when Communal Cues are Present. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03616843221104383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Women of color (vs. White women) are underrepresented in the United States government. Identifying factors that affect evaluations of these women is important to understand their underrepresentation. Deviating from communal expectations contributes to backlash against women. Being perceived as prioritizing communality thus appears key for women to receive support. Little work, however, has examined this relation in actual politicians and how perceiver political ideology may affect it. We examined how gendered trait inferences and political ideology affected evaluations of Kamala Harris, the first woman of color elected to the executive branch, before the 2020 election. People perceived Harris as more agentic than communal (Studies 1–2). Communal trait inferences and having a more liberal political ideology each positively related to evaluations of Harris. More liberal relative to more conservative perceivers had weaker positive communality effects when evaluating her expected success (Studies 1–2) and when a description conveyed Harris’s communality (vs. agency; Study 2). These findings highlight communality effects on evaluations of Harris and suggest a context under which she was likely more supported by co-partisans. Moreover, these studies identify potential sources of bias toward female candidates of color, illustrating a need for gendered trait inferences to be thoroughly considered in campaign strategies. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221104383 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A. Liebenow
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Brittany S. Cassidy
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Social Media Advertising through Private Messages and Public Feeds: A Congruency Effect between Communication Channels and Advertising Appeals. INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.im.2022.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Stavrova O, Evans AM, van Beest I. The Effects of Partner Extraversion and Agreeableness on Trust. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2022:1461672221086768. [PMID: 35481439 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221086768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Existing research has documented the social benefits (i.e., higher popularity and liking) of extraversion and agreeableness. Do these positive reputational consequences extend to social dilemma situations that require trust? We found that people do not trust extraverts more than introverts. Instead, people's trust decisions are guided by their partner's level of agreeableness. In a trust game (Studies 1 and 2), individuals were more likely to trust a partner who was described as agreeable (vs. disagreeable); and, in a laboratory study of work groups, participants trusted more (vs. less) agreeable group members (Study 3). Individuals anticipated others' preferences for agreeable partners and tried to come across as more agreeable, but not more extraverted, in social dilemmas (Study 4). These findings suggest that the social benefits of agreeableness (but not extraversion) extend to social interactions involving trust and highlight the importance of target personality traits in shaping trust decisions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Garay MM, Perry JM, Remedios JD. The Maintenance of the U.S. Racial Hierarchy Through Judgments of Multiracial People Based on Proximity to Whiteness. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2022; 49:969-984. [PMID: 35481392 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221086175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has argued that a growing multiracial population will blur boundaries between racial groups, reducing racism and improving interracial relations. However, this is unlikely to happen if multiracial groups are judged according to their proximity to Whiteness. We examined how having White ancestry shapes status perceptions of multiracial groups. Studies 1 and 2 showed that multiracial groups with White ancestry (e.g., Black/White) are considered higher status than dual minority multiracial (e.g., Black/Latinx) and monoracial minority (e.g., Black) groups. Study 3 revealed that multiracial groups with White ancestry are perceived as more competent and warmer than monoracial minority and dual minority multiracial groups, leading to higher status perceptions for multiracial groups with White ancestry. Thus, multiracial people, like other racial minorities, may be judged according to White, Eurocentric standards. The results imply that, without anti-racist intervention, the treatment of multiracial people will reinforce, rather than challenge, the existing racial hierarchy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gidaković P, Zabkar V. The formation of consumers' warmth and competence impressions of corporate brands: The role of corporate associations. EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/emre.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petar Gidaković
- Research Center, School of Economics and Business University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Vesna Zabkar
- Department of Marketing, School of Economics and Business University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Canton E, Hedley D, Spoor JR. The stereotype content model and disabilities. The Journal of Social Psychology 2022; 163:480-500. [PMID: 35037596 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.2017253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Using the stereotype content model and behavior from intergroup affect and stereotypes map model, we examined whether stereotype content directed toward specific disabilities conforms to the high warmth/low competence stereotype associated with "disabled people" or whether individual disabilities, or clusters, would elicit different stereotypes. Participants from the USA rated 12 disabilities on perceived warmth, competence, courage, emotions and behavioral tendencies. All disabilities, except schizophrenia and disability, were rated higher in warmth than competence. Four clusters emerged, varying on relative warmth, competence and courage. Pity was the highest rated emotion, and negative behavioral intentions were generally low. Perceived warmth predicted positive behavioral intentions, but mean ratings suggest actual help might be minimal. Results suggest some uniformity in stereotypes of different disabilities, but some variation in stereotypes indicates the need for targeted interventions to reduce prejudice and discrimination against disabled people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Canton
- La Trobe University, Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darren Hedley
- La Trobe University, Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Prestwich A, Lalljee M, Laham SM. The Morality‐Agency‐Communion (MAC) model of respect and liking. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon M. Laham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Does competence or morality mainly drive self-esteem? It depends on general system justification. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
22
|
Härtel TM, Leckelt M, Grosz MP, Küfner ACP, Geukes K, Back MD. Pathways From Narcissism to Leadership Emergence in Social Groups. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211046266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Narcissists successfully emerge as leaders. However, the processes by which this occurs are mostly unknown. Following a dual-pathway approach and differentiating between agentic (narcissistic admiration) and antagonistic (narcissistic rivalry) narcissism, we investigated the behavioral processes underlying narcissists’ leadership emergence in social groups. We applied data from a multimethodological laboratory study ( N = 311) comprising three groups of variables: personality traits, expressed interaction behaviors, and interpersonal perceptions. Prior to the laboratory sessions, participants provided self-reported answers to various narcissism measures. Interpersonal perceptions were obtained from round-robin ratings after participants completed the Lost on the Moon task in small groups. Participants’ behaviors during the group discussion were videotaped and coded by trained raters. Results supported the notion of a pathway from agentic narcissism to leadership (measured as target effects of being seen as a leader) determined by narcissistic admiration, dominant-expressive behavior, and being seen as assertive. To clarify narcissism’s relationship to leadership emergence, the effects were (a) contrasted with narcissism’s effects on popularity and (b) set in relation to process pathways leading from intelligence and physical attractiveness to leadership. The findings underscore the benefits of a behavioral pathway approach for unravelling the impact of narcissism on leadership emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Härtel
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- School of Business Administration and Economics, University of Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Marius Leckelt
- Department of Psychology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael P. Grosz
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht C. P. Küfner
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Geukes
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mitja D. Back
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brender-Ilan Y, Reizer A. How Do We Perceive a Humorous Manager? Manager Humor, Impression Management, and Employee Willingness to Work With the Manager. Front Psychol 2021; 12:628350. [PMID: 34589014 PMCID: PMC8473877 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humor is a form of communication that is intended to be entertaining and produce positive affective and cognitive responses from receivers. Nonetheless, humor in the workplace is a complicated matter. It has been recognized as a valuable tool for managers because it can activate various favorable outcomes and alter employees' perception of the manager's warmth and competence (impression management), but not always to the benefit of the manager. In our studies, the use of humor showed changed attitudes toward a manager's warmth and competence, and eventually influenced the employee's behavioral intentions. In Study 1, we tested the use of managerial humor in two emails. The humorous manager was perceived as warm, but not competent. Impression management mediated the employee's willingness to work with the manager. In Study 2, we tested the use of managerial humor with one introductory email. In this study, we also monitored the gender of both the manager and the employee. Once again, the humorous manager was perceived as warm and humor mediated employees' behavioral intentions. As for competence, gender moderated the results, such that male employees perceived humorous female managers as more competent, while female employees perceived humorous male managers as less competent. Practical implications are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Brender-Ilan
- Department of Economics and Business Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Abira Reizer
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hernandez Bark AS, Seliverstova K, Ohly S. Getting credit for proactivity? The effects of gender. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Ohly
- Business Psychology University of Kassel Kassel Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Smeding A, Dompnier B, Meier E, Darnon C, Butera F. A multilevel account of social value-related reasons behind mastery goals. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 92:e12453. [PMID: 34355800 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing literature focuses on reasons behind achievement goal endorsement, and mastery-approach goals (MG) specifically, and how these reasons influence academic performance. Past research provides evidence that student-level social value-related reasons behind MG moderate the MG-performance link in adolescents and young adults. However, we ignore whether this moderation is best conceived of as a student-level effect (i.e., students' social value-related reasons), a class-level effect (i.e., influence of class-dependent contextual social value), or both. AIMS This research aims at understanding the moderation of the MG-performance link by social value from a multilevel account, which is novel, as the student level has been the default level so far. SAMPLE The study was conducted on a sample of 436 primary school students, from 3rd to 6th grade. METHODS Students completed a MG scale adapted to their French classes under different instructions: standard, social desirability (answer to be viewed as likeable by your teacher), social utility (answer to be viewed as successful by your teacher), along with a dictation to measure performance, and socio-demographic measures. RESULTS Results show that the moderation effect of social utility on the MG-dictation performance link is observed at the student level, but that the moderation by social desirability is best accounted for by class-level differences. CONCLUSIONS It is important to consider a multilevel framework when examining reasons behind MG reports, including social value-related reasons, both for future research and teachers in the classroom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annique Smeding
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Chambery Cedex, France
| | | | - Emanuele Meier
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dhaliwal NA, Patil I, Cushman F. Reputational and cooperative benefits of third-party compensation. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
27
|
Li M, Mai Z, Wang S, Feng T, Van Overwalle F, Ma N. Warmth is more influential than competence: an fMRI repetition suppression study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:266-275. [PMID: 31916071 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed neural representation of traits in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but related studies mainly investigated the neural representation of warmth or competence trait respectively. To identify the potential differences of trait codes of warmth and competence in the mPFC, we applied functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) repetition suppression which is a rapid reduction of neuronal responses upon repeated presentation of the same implied trait. Participants read two successive trait-implying behavioral descriptions. In each trial, the critical target sentence implied either a warmth-related or competence-related trait was preceded by a prime sentence that implied trait from the other dimension of the 'Big Two' with a same or opposite valence, or no trait. The results revealed robust repetition suppression from prime to target in the mPFC only when the prime was a warmth-related trait, regardless of valence. Critically, the suppression effect was much stronger after being primed with a similar and opposite warmth trait compared with a trait-irrelevant prime. This suppression pattern was found nowhere else in the brain. The result seems to indicate that humans do not completely interpret and represent warmth and competence traits as independent dimensions and the warmth trait is more influential than Competence trait. The finding extends the understanding of the 'Big Two' theory of impression formation from the aspect of neural activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Mai
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Wang
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Ning Ma
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jin WY, Peng M. The Effects of Social Perception on Moral Judgment. Front Psychol 2021; 11:557216. [PMID: 33833702 PMCID: PMC8023274 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.557216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When people express a moral judgment, others make inferences about their personality, such as whether they are warm or competent. People may use this interpersonal process to present themselves in a way that is socially acceptable in the current circumstances. Across four studies, we investigated this hypothesis in Chinese culture and showed that college student participants tended to associate others' deontological moral judgments with warmth and utilitarian moral judgments with competence (Study 1, M age = 21.1, SD = 2.45; Study 2, M age = 20.53, SD = 1.87). In addition, participants made more deontological judgments after preparing to be interviewed for a job requiring them to be in a warm social role, and more utilitarian judgments after preparing for a job requiring them to be in a competent social role (Study 3, M age = 19.5, SD = 1.63). This effect held true in moral dilemmas involving different degrees of hypothetical personal involvement, and appeared to be mediated by the perception of others' expectations (Study 4, M age = 19.92, SD = 1.97). The results suggest an important role for social cognition as an influence on moral judgments in Chinese culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ying Jin
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Peng
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abele AE, Yzerbyt V. Body posture and interpersonal perception in a dyadic interaction: A Big Two analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
30
|
Mayor E. Nonverbal Immediacy Mediates the Relationship Between Interpersonal Motives and Belongingness. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2020; 5:596429. [PMID: 33869522 PMCID: PMC8022754 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2020.596429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While belongingness is a predictor of mental and physical health, the lack of social bonds is an issue for many people in occidental countries. This issue calls for global and affordable solutions. In this study, we notably investigated (a) the presumed positive relationships between agentic and communal interactional motives and belongingness, and (b) the mediating role of self-reported non-verbal immediacy-an indicator of availability to interact-in these relationships. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were collected by means of questionnaires to test these hypotheses (N Crossectional = 344; N Longitudinal = 126) using the General Belongingness Scale, the Non-verbal Immediacy Scale, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Results supported the hypotheses: Interpersonal motives and non-verbal immediacy are associated cross-sectionally to belongingness, non-verbal immediacy mediates the interpersonal motives-belongingness relationship and positive changes in non-verbal immediacy are also related to increased belongingness. Practical and research implications are discussed.
Collapse
|
31
|
De Bruin R, Barber LK. Is Electronic Multitasking Always Viewed as a Counterproductive Meeting Behavior? Understanding the Nature of the Secondary Task. Psychol Rep 2020; 125:422-447. [PMID: 33201783 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120973946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This project explored social evaluations of electronic multitasking during work meetings, including factors that may affect whether it is seen as a counterproductive meeting behavior. We used an experimental vignette design to test whether social evaluations (norm violating, agency, and communalism) of a hypothetical coworker's electronic multitasking differed by whether the secondary task was relevant to the meeting (Study 1; N = 274) or ambiguous (Study 2; N = 188). Observers evaluated task-irrelevant multitasking as more of a norm violation and less communal compared to task-relevant multitasking, and work-related tasks were evaluated as more agentic than nonwork-related tasks. Ambiguous tasks were also rated as more agentic than task-irrelevant multitasking. Taken together, our results show that the nature of the secondary task reduces negative perceptions of coworkers' electronic multitasking behavior during meetings. However, electronic multitasking for any purpose, even if relevant, was generally judged negatively consistent with expectations for a counterproductive meeting behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rushika De Bruin
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, 7117San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Larissa K Barber
- Department of Psychology, 7117San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang Y. When power increases perspective-taking: The moderating role of syncretic self-esteem. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Schmitz M, Yzerbyt V. Direct and indirect dimensional compensation: Is there a difference between observers and group members? GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430220963176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dimensional compensation takes place when perceivers judge one of two social targets higher on one of the two fundamental dimensions while judging the other target higher on the second dimension. Interestingly, the majority of studies on the dimensional compensation effect focused on direct measures, with almost no attempt to rely on more indirect measures. We tested whether dimensional compensation also takes place at a more indirect level (Brief-IAT). In Experiment 1, observers presented with unknown groups dimensionally compensated both directly and indirectly. Experiment 2 had participants assigned to one of two novel groups. Whereas low-competence group members dimensionally compensated on both direct and indirect measures, high-competence group members dimensionally compensated at the direct level but did not conceed any advantage to the low-competence group at the indirect level. As a set, our findings shed new light on direct and indirect dimensionally compensatory judgments as a function of perceivers’ vantage points as observers and group members.
Collapse
|
34
|
Motivated behavior in intimate relationships: Comparing the predictive value of motivational variables. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2020. [DOI: 10.32872/spb.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivational variables are considered fundamental factors influencing the occurrence of behavior. The current study compared different types of motivational variables (implicit and explicit motive dispositions, motivation as states and as aggregated person-level variables) in their ability to predict communal and agentic behavior reports in intimate relationships. 510 individuals completed measures of dispositional communion and agency motives and participated in a dyadic experience sampling study with five assessments per day across four weeks. They reported on their momentary communal and agentic motivation, as well as on their own and their partner’s behaviors. All examined types of motivational variables predicted certain behavior reports on the between-person or within-person level and had incremental effects beyond the other motivational variables in at least one motive domain. Directly replicating and conceptually extending prior research, the effects of motivational states and their aggregates were consistently found across behavioral outcomes, across self- and partner-reports and across the motive domains of communion and agency. Using the example of motivational states, the general value of assessing within-person variables for psychological phenomena in ESM-designs is discussed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wyszynski MC, Guerra R, Bierwiaczonek K. Good refugees, bad migrants? Intergroup helping orientations toward refugees, migrants, and economic migrants in Germany. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Guerra
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE‐IUL) CIS‐IUL Lisboa Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Martin AE, Slepian ML. The Primacy of Gender: Gendered Cognition Underlies the Big Two Dimensions of Social Cognition. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:1143-1158. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691620904961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is notable that across distinct, siloed, and disconnected areas of psychology (e.g., developmental, personality, social), there exist two dimensions (the “Big Two”) that capture the ways in which people process, perceive, and navigate their social worlds. Despite their subtle distinctions and nomenclature, each shares the same underlying content; one revolves around independence, goal pursuit, and achievement, and the other revolves around other-focus, social orientation, and desire for connection. Why have these two dimensions emerged across disciplines, domains, and decades? Our answer: gender. We argue that the characteristics of the Big Two (e.g., agency/competence, communion/warmth) are reflections of psychological notions of masculinity and femininity that render gender the basis of the fundamental lens through which one sees the social world. Thus, although past work has identified the Big Two as a model to understand social categories, we argue that gender itself is the social category that explains the nature of the Big Two. We outline support for this theory and suggest implications of a gendered cognition in which gender not only provides functional utility for cognitive processing but simultaneously enforces gender roles and limits men and women’s opportunities. Recognizing that the Big Two reflect masculinity and femininity does not confine people to act in accordance with their gender but rather allows for novel interventions to reduce gender-based inequities.
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Qiuyun G, Liu W, Zhou K, Mao J. Leader humility and employee organizational deviance: the role of sense of power and organizational identification. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-07-2019-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe authors examined the relationship between leader humility and employee organizational deviance. They also tested the mediating effects of personal sense of power and the moderating effects of organizational identification on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested their hypotheses using a sample of 186 employees from an information technology (IT) enterprise in China. They used hierarchical regression and bootstrapping analyses to test for direct and indirect relationships.FindingsSense of power mediated the effect of leader humility on organizational deviance and organizational identification moderated the effect of sense of power on organizational deviance. In addition, organizational identification mediated the indirect effect of leader humility on organizational deviance via sense of power. Thus, employees who demonstrate high organizational identification may not conduct organizational deviant behavior, even if they have a high sense of power.Practical implicationsOrganizations should explore and practice effective leader humility. Selection and training programs should be developed to choose humble leaders and teach them how to exhibit moderate humility.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the literature by revealing the negative effects of leader humility in Chinese culture. They find support for their hypotheses that employee sense of power mediates the relationship between leader humility and employee organizational deviance and that this relationship is weaker when employee organizational identification is higher. This clarifies how and why leader humility stimulates employee organizational deviance.
Collapse
|
39
|
SimanTov-Nachlieli I, Har-Vardi L, Moran S. When negotiators with honest reputations are less (and more) likely to be deceived. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
40
|
Warmth and Competence in Interpersonal Comparisons: The Quiz Master Paradigm through the Lens of Compensation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5334/irsp.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
41
|
Hauke N, Abele AE. The Impact of Negative Gossip on Target and Receiver. A “Big Two” Analysis. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2019.1702881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
42
|
Abele AE, Hauke N. Comparing the facets of the big two in global evaluation of self versus other people. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
43
|
He JC, Kang SK, Tse K, Toh SM. Stereotypes at work: Occupational stereotypes predict race and gender segregation in the workforce. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
Atari M, Chaudhary N, Al-Shawaf L. Mate Preferences in Three Muslim-Majority Countries: Sex Differences and Personality Correlates. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550619866187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cross-cultural research on long-term mate preferences in Muslim-majority countries is scarce. The research described here aims to examine the KASER (kindness/dependability, attractiveness/sexuality, status/resources, education/intelligence, and religiosity/chastity) model of mate preferences in Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey ( N = 1,089). We examined structural validity, measurement invariance between men and women, sex differences, cultural differences, and Big Five personality correlates of these dimensions of mate preferences. Findings supported preregistered hypotheses regarding sex differences in mate preferences. Multilevel models suggested that the magnitude of sex differences was invariant across cultures. Personality correlates of mate preferences varied across cultures, but agreeableness consistently predicted the preference for kind and dependable partners across cultures. In sum, sex differences in mate preferences within and across three Muslim-majority countries described here replicate previous findings, but evidence for personality correlates of mate preferences is mixed, variable across cultures, and in need of further examination in non-Western samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Atari
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nabiha Chaudhary
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laith Al-Shawaf
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Oliveira M, Garcia‐Marques T, Garcia‐Marques L, Dotsch R. Good to Bad or Bad to Bad? What is the relationship between valence and the trait content of the Big Two? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Oliveira
- William James Center for Research ISPA—Instituto Universitário Lisbon Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fu A, Zhang Z, He W, Lin Z, Wu N, Hou G, Yao T. Does Perceiving the Poor as Warm and the Rich as Cold Enhance Perceived Social Justice? The Effects of Activating Compensatory Stereotypes on Justice Perception. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1361. [PMID: 31275198 PMCID: PMC6591312 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Compensatory stereotypes are the fundamental components of social perception, and competence and warmth are the two fundamental dimensions of social cognition. Previous studies have concluded that, to maintain belief in justice, the system justification motive leads people to believe that upper- and lower-class groups each have their own unique and mutually offsetting advantages and disadvantages (e.g., the rich have low warmth and the poor have high warmth). The present study introduced the variable of social justice perception (personal and systemic justice perception) and hypothesized that endowing upper-class groups with negative characteristics and lower-class groups with positive characteristics could enhance people’s social justice perception. Participants were presented with vignettes that activated compensatory/non-compensatory stereotypes in four ways (compensatory competence, non-compensatory competence, compensatory warmth, non-compensatory warmth) regarding individuals described as rich and poor. Justice perception toward these individuals was then rated by the participants. The results showed that compensatory stereotypes triggered by system justification motives can affect the social justice perceptions of individuals to a certain extent. That is, perceiving the poor as warm and the rich as cold enhances perceived social justice, whereas perceiving the poor as competent and the rich as incompetent reduces perceived personal justice but does not affect perceived systemic justice. Especially in the context of the Chinese Confucian culture, which emphasizes warmth but ignores competence, the effect of compensatory stereotypes on perceptions of social justice underscores a cultural difference with the West that warmth is superior to competence. Further, compensatory stereotypes may be either beneficial for or detrimental to individuals of low socioeconomic status, and the results also question whether justice perception reflects the true fairness of society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anguo Fu
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Management, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Anguo Fu,
| | - Zaisheng Zhang
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zaisheng Zhang,
| | - Wuming He
- School of Educational Science, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhaohong Lin
- School of Management, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Tourism Management, Hainan College of Economics and Business, Haikou, China
| | - Guanghui Hou
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianzeng Yao
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Management, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Judd CM, Garcia-Marques T, Yzerbyt VY. The complexity of relations between dimensions of social perception: Decomposing bivariate associations with crossed random factors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
48
|
Social judgments of electronic multitasking in the workplace: The role of contextual and individual factors. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
49
|
Zapata CP, Hayes-Jones LC. The consequences of humility for leaders: A double-edged sword. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
50
|
Carrier A, Dompnier B, Yzerbyt V. Of Nice and Mean: The Personal Relevance of Others’ Competence Drives Perceptions of Warmth. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2019; 45:1549-1562. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167219835213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Past research shows that when forming an impression of an interdependent person, perceivers are motivated to look for information relevant to their goals and interests. The present experiments examined what happens after this information-seeking stage and showed that the relevance of the target’s attributes for one’s goals and interests drives warmth impressions. Using both a scenario (Experiment 1) and realistic methodologies (Experiment 3), we showed that when the perceiver had to collaborate with a target, the more competent the target, the more perceivers anticipated success and the more the target came across as warm. By contrast, in a competition setting, the competence of the target negatively affected prospects of success and impressions of warmth. Experiment 2 further showed that the target’s competence drove warmth impressions only when perceivers attached a great value to the success of the task, suggesting that these inferences have a motivational underpinning.
Collapse
|