1
|
Abstract
Neuroprosthetic devices that record and modulate neural activities have demonstrated immense potential for bypassing or restoring lost neurological functions due to neural injuries and disorders. However, implantable electrical devices interfacing with brain tissue are susceptible to a series of inflammatory tissue responses along with mechanical or electrical failures which can affect the device performance over time. Several biomaterial strategies have been implemented to improve device-tissue integration for high quality and stable performance. Ranging from developing smaller, softer, and more flexible electrode designs to introducing bioactive coatings and drug-eluting layers on the electrode surface, such strategies have shown different degrees of success but with limitations. With their hydrophilic properties and specific bioactivities, carbohydrates offer a potential solution for addressing some of the limitations of the existing biomolecular approaches. In this review, we summarize the role of polysaccharides in the central nervous system, with a primary focus on glycoproteins and proteoglycans, to shed light on their untapped potential as biomaterials for neural implants. Utilization of glycosaminoglycans for neural interface and tissue regeneration applications is comprehensively reviewed to provide the current state of carbohydrate-based biomaterials for neural implants. Finally, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities of applying carbohydrate-based biomaterials for neural tissue interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Dhawan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eslamian M, Mirab F, Raghunathan VK, Majd S, Abidian MR. Organic Semiconductor Nanotubes for Electrochemical Devices. Adv Funct Mater 2021; 31:2105358. [PMID: 34924917 PMCID: PMC8673914 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical devices that transform electrical energy to mechanical energy through an electrochemical process have numerous applications ranging from soft robotics and micropumps to autofocus microlenses and bioelectronics. To date, achievement of large deformation strains and fast response times remains a challenge for electrochemical actuator devices operating in liquid wherein drag forces restrict the actuator motion and electrode materials/structures limit the ion transportation and accumulation. We report results for electrochemical actuators, electrochemical mass transfers, and electrochemical dynamics made from organic semiconductors (OSNTs). Our OSNTs electrochemical device exhibits high actuation performance with fast ion transport and accumulation and tunable dynamics in liquid and gel-polymer electrolytes. This device demonstrates an excellent performance, including low power consumption/strain, a large deformation, fast response, and excellent actuation stability. This outstanding performance stems from enormous effective surface area of nanotubular structure that facilitates ion transport and accumulation resulting in high electroactivity and durability. We utilize experimental studies of motion and mass transport along with the theoretical analysis for a variable-mass system to establish the dynamics of the electrochemical device and to introduce a modified form of Euler-Bernoulli's deflection equation for the OSNTs. Ultimately, we demonstrate a state-of-the-art miniaturized device composed of multiple microactuators for potential biomedical application. This work provides new opportunities for next generation electrochemical devices that can be utilized in artificial muscles and biomedical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadjavad Eslamian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Fereshtehsadat Mirab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Ocular Surface Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Sheereen Majd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Abidian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qian J, Chen T, Wu Q, Zhou L, Zhou W, Wu L, Wang S, Lu J, Wang W, Li D, Xie H, Su R, Guo D, Liu Z, He N, Yin S, Zheng S. Blocking exposed PD-L1 elicited by nanosecond pulsed electric field reverses dysfunction of CD8 + T cells in liver cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:1-11. [PMID: 32949680 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a promising method for local tumor treatment, nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) ablation elicits a potent anti-tumor immune response. However, the mechanism of the nsPEF-mediated anti-tumor immune response and its effects on the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that nsPEF treatment increased the level of membrane PD-L1 in liver cancer cells. Furthermore, nsPEF induced the release of PD-L1-associated extra-cellular vesicles, leading to the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells, which could potentially be reversed by PD-L1 blockade. Biological and functional assays also demonstrated that nsPEF treatment resulted in the increased PD-L1 level and dysfunction of infiltrated CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues in vivo, indicating the long term antitumor efficacy of nsPEF treatment. A combination of nsPEF treatment and PD-L1 blockade effectively inhibited tumor growth and improved the survival of the tumor-bearing mouse. In conclusion, nsPEF treatment induced the translocation and release of PD-L1 and contributed to the dysfunction of infiltrated CD8+ T cells, resulting in tumor progression at later stages. The combination of nsPEF treatment and PD-L1 blockade is a promising therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tianchi Chen
- Department of of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qinchuan Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative innovation center for Diagnosis treatment of infectious diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wuhua Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiahua Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dazhi Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Rong Su
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Danjing Guo
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310007, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative innovation center for Diagnosis treatment of infectious diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rihani RT, Stiller AM, Usoro JO, Lawson J, Kim H, Black BJ, Danda VR, Maeng J, Varner VD, Ware TH, Pancrazio JJ. Deployable, liquid crystal elastomer-based intracortical probes. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:54-64. [PMID: 32428679 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are currently limited in their chronic functionality due partially to the foreign body response (FBR) that develops in regions immediately surrounding the implant (typically within 50-100 µm). Mechanically flexible, polymer-based substrates have recently been explored for MEAs as a way of minimizing the FBR caused by the chronic implantation. Nonetheless, the FBR degrades the ability of the device to record neural activity. We are motivated to develop approaches to deploy multiple recording sites away from the initial site of implantation into regions of tissue outside the FBR zone. Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) are responsive materials capable of programmable and reversible shape change. These hydrophobic materials are also non-cytotoxic and compatible with photolithography. As such, these responsive materials may be well suited to serve as substrates for smart, implantable electronics. This study explores the feasibility of LCE-based deployable intracortical MEAs. LCE intracortical probes are fabricated on a planar substrate and adopt a 3D shape after being released from the substrate. The LCE probes are then fixed in a planar configuration using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The PEG layer dissolves in physiological conditions, allowing the LCE probe to deploy post-implantation. Critically, we show that LCE intracortical probes will deploy within a brain-like agarose tissue phantom. We also show that deployment distance increases with MEA width. A finite element model was then developed to predict the deformed shape of the deployed probe when embedded in an elastic medium. Finally, LCE-based deployable intracortical MEAs were capable of maintaining electrochemical stability, recording extracellular signals from cortical neurons in vivo, and deploying recording sites greater than 100 µm from the insertion site in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest the feasibility of using LCEs to develop deployable intracortical MEAs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Deployable MEAs are a recently developed class of neural interfaces that aim to shift the recording sites away from the region of insertion to minimize the negative effects of FBR on the recording performance of MEAs. In this study, we explore LCEs as a potential substrate for deployable MEAs. The novelty of this study lies in the systematic and programmable deployment offered by LCE-based intracortical MEAs. These results illustrate the feasibility and potential application of LCEs as a substrate for deployable intracortical MEAs.
Collapse
|