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Vilas-Boas C, Sousa J, Lima E, Running L, Resende D, Ribeiro ARL, Sousa E, Santos MM, Aga DS, Tiritan ME, Ruivo R, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Correia-da-Silva M. Preliminary hazard assessment of a new nature-inspired antifouling (NIAF) agent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:172824. [PMID: 38688370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A recently synthesized aminated 3,4-dioxygenated xanthone (Xantifoul2) was found to have promising antifouling (AF) effects against the settlement of the macrofouler Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae. Preliminary assessment indicated that Xantifoul2 has reduced ecotoxicological impacts: e.g., being non-toxic to the marine crustacea Artemia salina (<10 % mortality at 50 μM) and showing low bioconcentration factor in marine organisms. In order to meet the EU Biocidal Product Regulation, a preliminary hazard assessment of this new nature-inspired antifouling (NIAF) agent was conducted in this work. Xantifoul2 did not affect the swimming ability of the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna, the growth of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the cellular respiration of luminescent Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio fischeri, supporting the low toxicity towards several non-target marine species. Regarding human cytotoxicity, Xantifoul2 did not affect the cell viability of retinal human cells (hTERT-RPE-1) and lipidomic studies revealed depletion of lipids involved in cell death, membrane modeling, lipid storage, and oxidative stress only at a high concentration (10 μM). Accelerated degradation studies in water were conducted under simulated sunlight to allow the understanding of putative transformation products (TPs) that could be generated in the aquatic ecosystems. Both Xantifoul2 and photolytic-treated Xantifoul2 in the aqueous matrix were therefore evaluated on several nuclear receptors (NRs). The results of this preliminary hazard assessment of Xantifoul2, combined with the high degradation rates in water, provide strong evidence of the safety of this AF agent under the evaluated conditions, and provide the support for future validation studies before this compound can be introduced in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Vilas-Boas
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - João Sousa
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Erica Lima
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Logan Running
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Diana Resende
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita L Ribeiro
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana S Aga
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | | | - Marta Correia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Horie Y, Chiba T, Takahashi C, Tatarazako N, Iguchi T. Influence of triphenyltin on morphologic abnormalities and the thyroid hormone system in early-stage zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 242:108948. [PMID: 33285321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we assessed the negative effects of triphenyltin (TPT) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) by exposing embryos and early-stage larvae to various concentrations of TPT from 2 h after fertilization (haf) until 30 days after hatching (dah). Whether test groups were fed or fasted during ecotoxicity studies using fish models has varied historically, and whether this experimental condition influences test results is unknown. Here, we confirmed that the lethal concentration of TPT to embryo and early-stage larvae (i.e., 3 dah or younger) showed in fed (lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC); 6.34 μg/L) and fasted (LOEC; 6.84 μg/L) groups. In addition, 84% and 100% of the larvae in the 2.95 and 6.64 μg/L exposure groups, respectively, had uninflated swim bladders; all affected larvae died within 9 dah. This finding suggests that morphologic abnormalities in early larval zebrafish are useful as endpoints for predicting the lethality of chemical substances after hatching. We then assessed the expression of several genes in the thyroid hormone pathway, which regulates swim bladder development in many fish species, including zebrafish. Larvae exposed to 6.64 μg/L TPT showed significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of thyroid hormone receptor α (trα) and trβ but not of thyroid stimulating hormone β subunit. These findings suggest that TPT disrupts the thyroid system in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi Nakano Simoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Takashi Chiba
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi Nakano Simoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi Nakano Simoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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Giusti A, Ducrot V, Joaquim-Justo C, Lagadic L. Testosterone levels and fecundity in the hermaphroditic aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to testosterone and endocrine disruptors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1740-1745. [PMID: 23564527 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are known to alter endogenous free and esterified levels of androgenic and estrogenic steroid hormones in aquatic mollusks. The origin of steroids in these animals, however, remains controversial. In the present study, free and esterified testosterone concentrations were measured in the hermaphroditic aquatic gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to molecules known for their androgenic (testosterone and tributyltin), anti-androgenic (cyproterone-acetate), and estrogenic (chlordecone) properties, by reference to their mode of action in vertebrates. In parallel, snail oviposition and fecundity were followed over a 21-d exposure period. Testosterone exposure resulted in increased esterified testosterone levels, whereas free testosterone concentrations remained stable. In contrast, cyproterone-acetate significantly increased the free form of testosterone with no changes in the esterified form, whereas chlordecone showed a tendency to reduce (though not significantly) esterified testosterone concentrations without changing free testosterone levels. Finally, tributyltin did not alter testosterone homeostasis. The production of egg clutches and eggs was significantly reduced only in the snails exposed to the highest concentrations of chlordecone (19.6 µg/L) and tributyltin (94.2 ng Sn/L). Overall, the present study demonstrates that uptake of testosterone from the exposure medium occurs in L. stagnalis. Moreover, it shows that cyproterone-acetate and, to a lesser extent, chlordecone can alter endogenous testosterone levels in this freshwater snail. However, the relationship between hormonal changes and snail reproduction has not been established. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1740-1745. © 2013 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Giusti
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Liege University, Liège, Belgium
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