Tanacetum gracile Hook. f & T. A new source of lavandulol from Ladakh Himalaya (India)

Isolation and characterization of isomeric tibetin spiroethers from the roots of Tanacetum dolichophyllum (Kitam.) Kitam

The roots of Tanacetum dolichophyllum (Kitam.) Kitam. (syn. Hippolytia dolichophylla (Kitam.) K.Bremer & Humphries) were collected from high altitude area of Munsyari, district Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand, India) yielded essential oil by steam distillation method and the oil was analysed by TLC and GC-MS. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil sample showed the dominance of two constituents visible in sesquiterpene range. These constituents were isolated by column chromatography. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of 1H-NMR,13C NMR, COSY, 135-DEPT, and HRMS (ESI-TOF) spectral data. The two major compounds were identified as isomeric C14-Tibetin spiroethers, namely (E)-2-(2',4'-heptadiyn-1'-ylidene)-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene and (Z)-2-(2',4'-heptadiyn-1'-ylidene)-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene.

Assessment of chemical and genetic variability in Tanacetum gracile accessions collected from cold desert of Western Himalaya

Genetic diversity is essential for survival and adaptation of high altitude plants such as those of Tanacetum genus, which are constantly exposed to environmental stress. We collected flowering shoots of ten accessions of Tanacetum gracile Hook.f. & Thomson (Asteraceae) (Tg 1-Tg 10), from different regions of cold desert of Western Himalaya. Chemical profile of the constituents, as inferred from GC-MS, exhibited considerable variability. Percentage yield of essential oil ranged from 0.2 to 0.75% (dry-weight basis) amongst different accessions. Tg 1 and Tg 6 were found to produce high yields of camphor (46%) and lavandulol (41%), respectively. Alpha-phellendrene, alpha-bisabool, p-cymene and chamazulene were the main oil components in other accessions. Genetic variability among the accessions was studied using RAPD markers as well as by sequencing and analyzing nuclear 18S rDNA, and plastid rbcL and matK loci. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of RAPD markers ranged from 0.18 to 0.5 and the analysis clustered the accessions into two major clades. The present study emphasized the importance of survey, collection, and conservation of naturally existing chemotypes of medicinal and aromatic plants, considering their potential use in aroma and pharmaceutical industry.

Essential Oil Constituents ofTanacetum cilicicum: Antimicrobial and Phytotoxic Activities

Aerial parts ofTanacetum cilicicumwere hydrodistillated for 3 h using Clevenger. Essential oil (EO) yield was 0.4% (v/w). According to the GC/MS analyses, EO ofT. cilicicumconsisted of monoterpenes [α-pinene (2.95 ± 0.19%), sabinene (2.32 ± 0.11%), and limonene (3.17 ± 0.25)], oxygenated monoterpenes [eucalyptol (5.08 ± 0.32%), camphor (3.53 ± 0.27%), linalool (7.01 ± 0.32%),α-terpineol (3.13 ± 0.23%), and borneol (4.21 ± 0.17%)], and sesquiterpenes [sesquisabinene hydrate (6.88 ± 0.41%), nerolidol (4.90 ± 0.33%),α-muurolol (4.57%  ± 0.35), spathulanol (2.98 ± 0.12%), juniper camphor (2.68 ± 0.19%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (2.64 ± 0.19%), 8-hydroxylinalool (2.62 ± 0.15%), andΔ-cadinene (2.48 ± 0.16%)]. In the antimicrobial assay, MIC/MBC values of the EO were the most significant onB. subtilis(0.39/0.78 µL/mL) andB. cereus(0.78/1.56 µL/mL).The most prominent phytotoxic activities of the EO were observed onL. sativa,L. sativum, andP. oleracea. The results of the present study indicated that EO ofT. cilicicumincludes various medicinally and industrially crucial phytoconstituents that could be in use for industrial applications. The finding of this study is the first report on this species from the East Mediterranean region.

Isolation, Chemical Fingerprinting and Simultaneous Quantification of Four Compounds from Tanacetum gracile Using a Validated HPLC-ESI-QTOF-Mass Spectrometry Method

The present study was conducted to carry out the phytochemical investigation of Tanacetum gracile Hook. f. & Thomson and to develop a method for the simultaneous quantification of the isolated compounds in the extracts ofT. gracile growing in different locations. Cluster analysis rectangular similarity matrix was performed to understand the chemical fingerprinting variations in the extracts. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was used to quantify four bioactive compounds, and separation of the compounds was achieved on a reverse-phase C8 column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid in water with a gradient elution by maintaining the flow rate of 300 μL/min. The QTOF-MS was operated using the electro-spray ionization technique with the positive ion polarity mode. The calibration curves of four marker compounds were linear over the concentration range of 3.12-100 ng/µL (R(2)> 0.996). A specific, accurate and precise HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS method was optimized for the determination of kaempferol, ketoplenolide, tetramethoxyflavone and artemetin both individually and simultaneously. Quantification of these chemical markers in different extracts was carried out using this validated method. Kaempferol was isolated for the first time from T. gracile.

Himalayan Aromatic Medicinal Plants: A Review of their Ethnopharmacology, Volatile Phytochemistry, and Biological Activities

Aromatic plants have played key roles in the lives of tribal peoples living in the Himalaya by providing products for both food and medicine. This review presents a summary of aromatic medicinal plants from the Indian Himalaya, Nepal, and Bhutan, focusing on plant species for which volatile compositions have been described. The review summarizes 116 aromatic plant species distributed over 26 families.

Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera) Toxicity and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Tanacetum macrophyllum (Waldst. & Kit.) Schultz Bip

Insecticides of the natural origin are an important alternative to the synthetic insecticides that are being employed for the preserving stored products. The volatiles obtained from T. cinerariifolium (=Pyrethrum cinerariifolium) is being used for many types of insecticidal applications; however there is a very little information on the insecticidal activity of the essential oils of other Tanacetum species. The main purpose of the present study is to determine the chemical composition of T. macrophyllum (Waldst. & Kit.) Schultz Bip. essential oils and evaluate their insecticidal activity against S. granarius as well as its other beneficial biological activities. Highest contact toxicity was observed in the leaf oil of (88.93%) against S. granarius. The flower oil showed considerable fumigant toxicity against L. minor at 10 mg/mL application concentration (61.86 %) when compared with other samples at the same concentration. The highest DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity (47.7%) and phosphomolybdenum reducing activity was observed also for the flower oil of T. macrophyllum at 10 mg/mL concentration. The essential oils were analyzed by GC, GC/MS. The flower and leaf oils were characterized with γ-eudesmol 21.5%, (E)-sesquilavandulol 20.3%, copaborneol 8.5% and copaborneol 14.1%, 1,8-cineole 11%, bornyl acetate 9.6%, borneol 6.3% respectively. AHC analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data obtained from the essential oil composition of the T. macrophyllum essential oil from the present research and previous reports pointed out that two different chemotypes could be proposed with current findings which are p-methyl benzyl alcohol/ cadinene and eudesmane chemotypes.

Cultivars of Lavandula Lanata Boiss., a Good Source of Lavandulol

The chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from aerial parts and flowers of Lavandula lanata autochthonous of Sierra Nevada and of flowers of L. lanata cultivated in the region of Teruel have been carried out. The main components of the oils were the oxygenated monoterpenes camphor, lavandulol, octan-3-one and 1,8-cineol. The percentage of lavandulol in cultivars is superior to 35% and thus they constitute an excellent source of this product of interest in perfumery.