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De Braekeleer E, Meyer C, Douet-Guilbert N, Morel F, Le Bris MJ, Berthou C, Arnaud B, Marschalek R, Férec C, De Braekeleer M. Complex and cryptic chromosomal rearrangements involving the MLL gene in acute leukemia: A study of 7 patients and review of the literature. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 44:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sárová I, Brezinová J, Zemanová Z, Lizcová L, Berková A, Izáková S, Malinová E, Fuchs O, Kostecka A, Provazníková D, Filkuková J, Maaloufová J, Starý J, Michalová K. A partial nontandem duplication of the MLL gene in four patients with acute myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 195:150-6. [PMID: 19963115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Unusual MLL gene rearrangements were found in bone marrow cells of four patients with acute myeloid leukemia. A combination of conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods were used to describe translocations t(9;12;11)(p22;p13;q23), t(11;19)(q23;p13.3), and t(10;11)(p12;23) and inverted insertion ins(10;11)(p12;q23.3q23.1). Partial nontandem duplication of the MLL gene was identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in all cases. The duplication, which included MLL exons 2 through 8-9, was interrupted by a cryptic insertion of one or two exons from the respective MLL partner gene: MLLT10, MLLT3, or MLLT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Sárová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Soler G, Radford I, Meyer C, Marschalek R, Brouzes C, Ghez D, Romana S, Berger R. MLL insertion with MLL-MLLT3 gene fusion in acute leukemia: case report and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 183:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alonso CN, Longo PLR, Gallego MS, Medina A, Felice MS. A novel AF9 breakpoint in MLL-AF9-positive acute monoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:869-71. [PMID: 18000862 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
MLL-AF9 is the most frequent MLL rearrangement in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and it may be also found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of patients younger than 1-year-old (infants). We report a novel AF9 breakpoint site, located between previously reported sites A and B, detected in an infant who was diagnosed with AML-FAB M5. The occurrence of this new breakpoint should be considered when designing RT-PCR assays for the screening of MLL abnormalities. The precise characterization of the MLL-AF9 transcript is important to carry out the minimal residual disease analysis during the follow-up of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina N Alonso
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital de Pediatría SAMIC "Prof. Dr. J. P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Miremadi A, Oestergaard MZ, Pharoah PDP, Caldas C. Cancer genetics of epigenetic genes. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16 Spec No 1:R28-49. [PMID: 17613546 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer epigenome is characterised by specific DNA methylation and chromatin modification patterns. The proteins that mediate these changes are encoded by the epigenetics genes here defined as: DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins, histone acetyltransferases (HAT), histone deacetylases (HDAC), histone methyltransferases (HMT) and histone demethylases. We review the evidence that these genes can be targeted by mutations and expression changes in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Miremadi
- Cancer Genomics Program, Department of Oncology, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wu CG, Budhu A, Chen S, Zhou X, Popescu NC, Valerie K, Wang XW. Effect of hepatitis C virus core protein on the molecular profiling of human B lymphocytes. Mol Med 2006; 12:47-53. [PMID: 16838065 PMCID: PMC1514550 DOI: 10.2119/2006-00020.wu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein features many intriguing properties and plays a pivotal role in cellular immunity, cell growth, apoptosis, cell transformation, and eventually in tumor development. However, the role of B cells, the primary players in the humoral immune response, during HCV infection is largely unknown. To explore the molecular effects of HCV core on human B cells, we conducted gene expression profiling of serial RNA samples from B cells that were infected with adenovirus harboring full-length HCV core protein and beta-galactosidase as a reference using a microarray platform containing 22,149 human oligo probes. The entire experiment was performed in duplicate in B lymphocytes that were isolated from two individual donors and incubated for up to 3 days after infection with adenovirus expressing HCV core protein to identify dynamic gene expression patterns. Differential expression of representative genes was validated by quantitative RT-PCR. We found that HCV core significantly inhibited B-lymphocyte apoptosis. We showed a dramatic downregulation of MHC class II molecules in B cells expressing HCV core, whereas the expression of immunoglobulin genes was not significantly altered. Moreover, genes associated with leukemia and B-lymphoma were consistently upregulated by HCV core. In contrast, downregulation of caspase-1 and caspase-4 was found to be associated with core's ability to prevent B-lymphocyte apoptosis. In summary, we have identified several clusters of genes that are differentially expressed in human B lymphocytes expressing HCV core, suggesting a potential impairment of antigen processing and presentation, which may provide more insights into HCV infection in B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-ging Wu
- Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food
and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Chuan-ging Wu, Division
of Hematology, HFM-345, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food
and Drug Administration, 29 Lincoln Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301) 827-6580; fax: (301) 402-2780; e-mail: . Xin Wei Wang, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bldg 37, Rm 4146, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255. Phone: (301) 496-2099; fax: (301) 496-0497; e-mail:
| | - Anuradha Budhu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal
and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Popescu
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristoffer Valerie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Chuan-ging Wu, Division
of Hematology, HFM-345, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food
and Drug Administration, 29 Lincoln Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301) 827-6580; fax: (301) 402-2780; e-mail: . Xin Wei Wang, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bldg 37, Rm 4146, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255. Phone: (301) 496-2099; fax: (301) 496-0497; e-mail:
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Abstract
In all organisms, cell proliferation is orchestrated by coordinated patterns of gene expression. Transcription results from the activity of the RNA polymerase machinery and depends on the ability of transcription activators and repressors to access chromatin at specific promoters. During the last decades, increasing evidence supports aberrant transcription regulation as contributing to the development of human cancers. In fact, transcription regulatory proteins are often identified in oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements and are overexpressed in a variety of malignancies. Most transcription regulators are large proteins, containing multiple structural and functional domains some with enzymatic activity. These activities modify the structure of the chromatin, occluding certain DNA regions and exposing others for interaction with the transcription machinery. Thus, chromatin modifiers represent an additional level of transcription regulation. In this review we focus on several families of transcription activators and repressors that catalyse histone post-translational modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation); and how these enzymatic activities might alter the correct cell proliferation program, leading to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Santos-Rosa
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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