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Wang H, Dinesh, Kim J. Development of lightweight, high-strength, and highly porous ligno-nanocellulosic foam with excellent antioxidant and insulation properties. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121616. [PMID: 38142097 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an environmentally friendly ligno-nanocellulosic foam prepared by utilizing lignin (LGN), cellulose nanofiber (CNF), and citric acid (CA) as a green crosslinker through an easy, low-cost, and environmentally friendly process. The FTIR study and XPS analysis of the prepared LGN/CNF foams confirm the crosslinking between the components, which leads to lower shrinkage, lower density, and higher porosity than the neat CNF foam, achieving a remarkably low density of 19.59 mg/cm3 and high porosity of 98.84 % The morphology and microstructure of the foam show a uniform three-dimensional porous network built by strong cell walls. The crosslinked LGN/CNF foams indicate 182 % higher compressive modulus and 306 % higher compressive strength at 70 % strain than the neat CNF foam. Further, the addition of LGN and CA enhances the antioxidant activity of the foam. The prepared foam shows lower thermal conductivity and better sound absorption performance than the neat CNF foam, indicating a potential to be used as thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials that can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Wang
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Dinesh
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
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Latif M, Jiang Y, Kim J. 3D printing of concentrated nanocellulose material: The critical role of substrates on the shape fidelity and mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121197. [PMID: 37659805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a breakthrough in the shape fidelity and mechanical strength of 3D-printed high-concentration nanocellulose structures, demonstrating a record flexural strength of 149 ± 2 MPa and a flexural modulus of 15 ± 0.8 GPa. These findings replace the previous method of 3D printing on conventional substrates with wood substrates for highly concentrated nanocellulose (HCNC) structures. The HCNC structures are 3D-printed using extrusion and processed under controlled drying conditions (Relative humidity: 60 % and 45 %, Temperature: 25 °C) to achieve outstanding mechanical properties without sacrificing structure shape fidelity/retention. It was noticed that the drying phenomenon of HCNC structures on the conventional substrates is responsible for the adhesion issues between the printed layers resulting in low shape fidelity/retention. In contrast with conventional substrates, the wood substrates offer an increased drying rate from the bottom side of printed HCNC structures due to its hydrophilicity and wicked nature, which helps maintain the shape fidelity without using additional crosslinkers, resulting in improved shape fidelity/retention and mechanical properties. The 3D-printed nanocellulose structure bears twice the load compared to a commercial poly lactic acid 3D-printed one. These features open a new horizon for fabricating 3D-printed nanocellulose structures for advanced environmentally friendly structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Latif
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Yangxiaozhe Jiang
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
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Sepahvand S, Kargarzadeh H, Jonoobi M, Ashori A, Ismaeilimoghadam S, Varghese RT, Chirayl CJ, Azimi B, Danti S. Recent developments in nanocellulose-based aerogels as air filters: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125721. [PMID: 37419257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Today, one of the world's critical environmental issues is air pollution, which is the most important parameter threatening human health and the environment. Synthetic polymers are widely used in industrial air filter production; however, they are incompatible with the environment due to their secondary pollution. Using renewable materials to manufacture air filters is not only environmentally friendly but also essential. Recently, a new generation of biopolymers called cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-based hydrogels have been proposed, with three dimensional (3D) nanofiber networks and unique physical and mechanical properties. CNFs have become a hot research topic for application as air filter materials because they can compete with synthetic nanofibers due to their advantages, such as abundant, renewable, nontoxic, high specific surface area, high reactivity, flexibility, low cost, low density, and network structure formation. The main focus of the current review is the recent progress in the preparation and employment of nanocellulose materials, especially CNF-based hydrogels, to absorb PM and CO2. This study summarizes the preparation methods, modification strategies, fabrications, and further applications of CNF-based aerogels as air filters. Lastly, challenges in the fabrication of CNFs, and trends for future developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Sepahvand
- Department of Bio Systems, Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Zirab Campus, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Kargarzadeh
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Poland
| | - Mehdi Jonoobi
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ashori
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Ismaeilimoghadam
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Rini Thresia Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, Newman College, Thodupuzha, Kerala 685584, India; School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | | | - Bahareh Azimi
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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Kumar B, Kim J. Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of the Lignocellulosic Pine Needle Fiber-Reinforced SEBS Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051225. [PMID: 36904466 PMCID: PMC10007580 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to generate wealth from waste and due to their significant fire threats to forests and their rich cellulose content, lignocellulosic pine needle fibers (PNFs) are utilized in this study as a reinforcement of the thermoplastic elastomer styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS) matrix to create environmentally friendly and economical PNF/SEBS composites using a maleic anhydride-grafted SEBS compatibilizer. The chemical interaction in the composites studied by FTIR shows that strong ester bonds are formed between reinforcing PNF, the compatibilizer, and the SEBS polymer, leading to strong interfacial adhesion between the PNF and SEBS in the composites. This strong adhesion in the composite exhibits higher mechanical properties than the matrix polymer indicating a 1150 % higher modulus and a 50 % higher strength relative to the matrix. Further, the SEM pictures of the tensile-fractured samples of the composites validate this strong interface. Finally, the prepared composites show better dynamic mechanical behavior indicating higher storage and loss moduli and Tg than the matrix polymer suggesting their potential for engineering applications.
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