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Lopez FV, O’Shea A, Rosenberg JT, Leeuwenburgh C, Anton S, Bowers D, Woods AJ. Frontal adenosine triphosphate markers from 31P MRS are associated with cognitive performance in healthy older adults: preliminary findings. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1180994. [PMID: 37614473 PMCID: PMC10442546 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1180994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with declines in mitochondrial efficiency and energy production which directly impacts the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains high energy phosphates critical for a variety of cellular functions. Previous phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) studies demonstrate cerebral ATP declines with age. The purpose of this study was to explore the functional relationships of frontal and posterior ATP levels with cognition in healthy aging. Here, we measured frontal and posterior ATP levels using 31P MRS at 3 Tesla (3 T) and assessed cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in 30 healthy older adults. We found that greater frontal, but not posterior, ATP levels were significantly associated with better MoCA performance. This relationship remained significant after controlling for age, sex, years of education, and brain atrophy. In conclusion, our findings indicate that cognition is related to ATP in the frontal cortex. These preliminary findings may have important implications in the search for non-invasive markers of in vivo mitochondrial function and the impact of ATP availability on cognition. Future studies are needed to confirm the functional significance of regional ATP and cognition across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca V. Lopez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew O’Shea
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jens T. Rosenberg
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- College of Medicine, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stephen Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- College of Medicine, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adam J. Woods
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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2
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Emerging roles of brain metabolism in cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104892. [PMID: 36181925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we discuss the role of diverse environmental manipulations affecting cognition with special regard to psychiatric conditions. We present evidence supporting a direct causal correlation between the valence of the environmental stimulation and some psychopathological traits and how the environment influences brain structure and function with special regard to oxidative stress and mitochondrial activity. Increasing experimental evidence supports a role for mitochondrial dysfunctions in neuropsychiatric disorders. Brain mitochondria are considered crucial mediators of allostasis, that is the capability to adapt to stress via a complex interaction between the autonomic, metabolic, and immune systems to maintain cellular homeostasis. In this process, mitochondria act as highly dynamic integrators by sensing and transducing stressors into adaptation mechanisms via metabolic stress mediators, such as glucocorticoids and catecholamines. Alterations in cellular homeostasis induced by chronic stress are thought to predispose to disease by triggering the so-called "mitochondrial allostatic load". This process is characterized by functional and structural changes of the mitochondria, ultimately leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial DNA damage and apoptosis. In this review we discuss the role of diverse environmental manipulations to affect cognition with special regard to psychiatric conditions. How the environment influences brain structure and function, and the interactions between rearing conditions, oxidative stress and mitochondrial activity are fundamental questions that are still poorly understood. As will be discussed, increasing experimental evidence supports a role for mitochondrial dysfunctions in neuropsychiatric disorders. Brain mitochondria are considered crucial mediators of allostasis, that is the capability to adapt to stress via a complex interaction between the autonomic, metabolic, and immune systems to maintain cellular homeostasis. In this process, mitochondria act as highly dynamic integrators by sensing and transducing stressors into adaptation mechanisms via metabolic stress mediators, such as glucocorticoids and catecholamines. Alterations in cellular homeostasis induced by chronic stress are thought to predispose to disease by triggering the so-called "mitochondrial allostatic load". This process is characterized by functional and structural changes of the mitochondria, ultimately leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial DNA damage and apoptosis. The brain requires considerable mitochondrial reserve not only to sustain basal neuronal needs but a also to provide increasing energy demands during stress. Consistently with these high energetic requirements, it is reasonable to hypothesise that the brain is particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial defects. Thus, even subtle metabolic alterations might have a substantial impact on cognitive functions. Over the last decade, several experimental evidence supported the hypothesis that a suboptimal mitochondrial function, which could be of genetic origin or acquired following adverse life events, is a key vulnerability factor for stress-related psychopathologies. Chronic psychological stress is a major promoter of anxiety as well as of oxidative damage, as shown in several studies. Recent evidence from mouse models harbouring mutations in mitochondrial genes demonstrated the role of mitochondria in modulating the response to acute psychological stress. However, it has yet to be determined whether mitochondrial dysfunctions are the cause or the consequence of anxiety. In this review, we discuss how adverse psychosocial environments can impact mitochondrial bioenergetics at the molecular level and we gather evidence from several studies linking energy metabolism and stress resilience/vulnerability. Moreover, we review recent findings supporting that metabolic dysfunction can underlie deficits in complex social behaviours. As will be discussed, aberrations in mitochondrial functionality have been found in the nucleus accumbens of highly anxious mice and mediate low social competitiveness. In addition, alterations in sociability can be reversed by enhancing mitochondrial functions. Recent evidence also demonstrated that a specific mutation in mitochondrial DNA, previously linked to autism spectrum disorder, produces autistic endophenotypes in mice by altering respiration chain and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Finally, we discuss a "Negative Enrichment" model that can explain some of the psychopathological conditions relevant to humans. Evidence of a direct causal correlation of valence of environmental stimulation and psychopathological traits will be presented, and possible molecular mechanisms that focus on oxidative stress. Collectively, the findings described here have been achieved with a wide set of behavioural and cognitive tasks with translational validity. Thus, they will be useful for future work aimed to elucidate the fine metabolic alterations in psychopathologies and devise novel approaches targeting mitochondria to alleviate these conditions.
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Kakanakova A, Popov S, Maes M. Immunological Disturbances and Neuroimaging Findings in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Comorbid Patients. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:759-769. [PMID: 32108009 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200228093935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders and Major Depressive Disorder, in particular, appear to be some of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high rate of comorbidity most frequently of anxiety or substance abuse disorders (alcohol use disorder). In both cases - MDD and AUD, a number of immunological disturbances are observed, such as chronic mild inflammation response, increased level of cytokines, hypercortisolaemia, which lead to specific changes in brain neurotransmitter functions. Some of the contemporary brain imaging techniques are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic spectroscopy which are most commonly used to assess the brain metabolism and functional connectivity changes such as altered responses to emotional stimuli in MDD or overactivation of ventromedial prefrontal areas during delayed and underactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions during impulsive reward decisions in AUD and dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or glutamate neurotransmitter systems, low NAA and myo-Inositol in both MDD and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Kakanakova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Popov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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4
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Wang T, Bai S, Wang W, Chen Z, Chen J, Liang Z, Qi X, Shen H, Xie P. Diterpene Ginkgolides Exert an Antidepressant Effect Through the NT3-TrkA and Ras-MAPK Pathways. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1279-1294. [PMID: 32308365 PMCID: PMC7132272 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s229145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Depression is a highly prevalent mental illness that severely impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Our recent studies demonstrated that diterpene ginkgolides (DG) have antidepressant effects in mice. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remained much unclear. Methods In this study, we assessed the antidepressant effects of chronic DG therapy in rats by evaluating depression-related behaviors, we also examined potential side effects using biochemical indicators. Furthermore, we performed an in-depth molecular network analysis of gene–protein–metabolite interactions on the basis of metabolomics. Results Chronic DG treatment significantly ameliorated the depressive-like behavioral phenotype. Furthermore, the neurotrophin signaling-related NT3-TrkA and Ras-MAPK pathways may play an important role in the antidepressant effect of DG in the hippocampus. Conclusion These findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant action of DG, and should help advance the development of new therapeutic strategies for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunjie Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihong Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunzhong Qi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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5
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Askalsky P, Iosifescu DV. Transcranial Photobiomodulation For The Management Of Depression: Current Perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:3255-3272. [PMID: 31819453 PMCID: PMC6878920 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s188906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent condition associated with high rates of disability, as well as suicidal ideation and behavior. Current treatments for MDD have significant limitations in efficacy and side effect burden. FDA-approved devices for MDD are burdensome (due to repeated in-office procedures) and are most suitable for severely ill subjects. There is a critical need for device-based treatments in MDD that are efficacious, well-tolerated, and easy to use. In this paper, we review a novel neuromodulation strategy, transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared light (NIR). The scope of our review includes the known biological mechanisms of t-PBM, as well as its efficacy in animal models of depression and in patients with MDD. Theoretically, t-PBM penetrates into the cerebral cortex, stimulating the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and also significantly increases cerebral blood flow. Animal and human studies, using a variety of t-PBM settings and experimental models, suggest that t-PBM may have significant efficacy and good tolerability in MDD. In aggregate, these data support the need for large confirmatory studies for t-PBM as a novel, likely safe, and easy-to-administer antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Askalsky
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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6
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Kious BM, Kondo DG, Renshaw PF. Creatine for the Treatment of Depression. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E406. [PMID: 31450809 PMCID: PMC6769464 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressed mood, which can occur in the context of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and other conditions, represents a serious threat to public health and wellness. Conventional treatments are not effective for a significant proportion of patients and interventions that are often beneficial for treatment-refractory depression are not widely available. There is, therefore, an immense need to identify novel antidepressant strategies, particularly strategies that target physiological pathways that are distinct from those addressed by conventional treatments. There is growing evidence from human neuroimaging, genetics, epidemiology, and animal studies that disruptions in brain energy production, storage, and utilization are implicated in the development and maintenance of depression. Creatine, a widely available nutritional supplement, has the potential to improve these disruptions in some patients, and early clinical trials indicate that it may have efficacy as an antidepressant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Kious
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Douglas G Kondo
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
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7
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Esteves CS, Lima MP, Gonzatti V, de Oliveira CR, de Lima Argimon II, Irigaray TQ. Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning of Elderly from the Family Health Strategy. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-017-9313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Tranah GJ, Maglione JE, Yaffe K, Katzman SM, Manini TM, Kritchevsky S, Newman AB, Harris TB, Cummings SR. Mitochondrial DNA m.13514G>A heteroplasmy is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1319-1326. [PMID: 29984425 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy is a mixture of normal and mutated mtDNA molecules in a cell. High levels of heteroplasmy at several mtDNA sites in complex I lead to inherited neurological neurologic diseases and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Here, we test the hypothesis that mtDNA heteroplasmy at these complex I sites is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly. METHODS We examined platelet mtDNA heteroplasmy for associations with depressive symptoms among 137 participants over age 70 from the community-based Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-point version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10). Complete mtDNA sequencing was performed and heteroplasmy derived for 5 mtDNA sites associated with neurologic mitochondrial diseases and tested for associations with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of 5 candidate complex I mtDNA mutations examined for effects on depressive symptoms, increased heteroplasmy at m.13514A>G, ND5, was significantly associated with higher CES-D score (P = .01). A statistically significant interaction between m.13514A > G heteroplasmy and sex was detected (P = .04); in sex-stratified analyses, the impact of m.13514A>G heteroplasmy was stronger in male (P = .003) than in female (P = .98) participants. Men in highest tertile of mtDNA heteroplasmy exhibited significantly higher (P = .0001) mean ± SE CES-D 10 scores, 5.37 ± 0.58, when compared with those in the middle, 2.13 ± 0.52, and lowest tertiles, 2.47 ± 0.58. No associations between the 4 other candidate sites and depressive symptoms were observed. CONCLUSIONS Increased mtDNA heteroplasmy at m.13514A>G is associated with depressive symptoms in older men. Heteroplasmy may represent a novel biological risk factor for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne E Maglione
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- University of California, San Francisco, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, San Francisco, CA, USA.,San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Todd M Manini
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Sticht Center on Aging, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Mathias LK, Monette PJ, Harper DG, Forester BP. Application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in geriatric mood disorders. Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:597-617. [PMID: 29199890 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1397608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of mood disorders in the rapidly-growing older adult population merits attention due to the likelihood of increased medical comorbidities, risk of hospitalization or institutionalization, and strains placed on caregivers and healthcare providers. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) quantifies biochemical compounds in vivo, and has been used specifically for analyses of neural metabolism and bioenergetics in older adults with mood disorders, usually via proton or phosphorous spectroscopy. While yet to be clinically implemented, data gathered from research subjects may help indicate potential biomarkers of disease state or trait or putative drug targets. Three prevailing hypotheses for these mood disorders are used as a framework for the present review, and the current biochemical findings within each are discussed with respect to particular metabolites and brain regions. This review covers studies of MRS in geriatric mood disorders and reveals persisting gaps in research knowledge, especially with regard to older age bipolar disorder. Further MRS work, using higher field strengths and larger sample sizes, is warranted in order to better understand the neurobiology of these prevalent late-life disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana K Mathias
- a Division of Geriatric Psychiatry , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA
| | - Patrick J Monette
- a Division of Geriatric Psychiatry , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA
| | - David G Harper
- a Division of Geriatric Psychiatry , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Brent P Forester
- a Division of Geriatric Psychiatry , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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10
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Raz N, Daugherty AM. Pathways to Brain Aging and Their Modifiers: Free-Radical-Induced Energetic and Neural Decline in Senescence (FRIENDS) Model - A Mini-Review. Gerontology 2017; 64:49-57. [PMID: 28858861 DOI: 10.1159/000479508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, we survey the extant literature on brain aging, with the emphasis on longitudinal studies of neuroanatomy, including regional brain volumes and white matter microstructure. We assess the impact of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory risk factors on the trajectories of change in regional brain volumes and white matter properties, as well as the relationships between neuroanatomical and physiological changes and their influence on cognitive performance. We examine these findings in the context of current biological theories of aging and propose the means of integrating noninvasive measures - spectroscopic indices of brain energy metabolism and regional iron deposits - as valuable proxies for elucidating the basic neurobiology of human brain aging. In a brief summary of the recent findings pertaining to age-related changes in the brain structure and their impact on cognition, we discuss the role of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory risk factors in shaping the trajectories of change. Drawing on the extant biological theories of aging and mindful of the brain's role as a disproportionately voracious energy consumer in mammals, we emphasize the importance of the fundamental bioenergetic mechanisms as drivers of age-related changes in brain structure and function. We sketch out a model that builds on the conceptualization of aging as an expression of cumulative cellular damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species and ensuing declines in energy metabolism. We outline the ways and means of adapting this model, Free-Radical-Induced Energetic and Neural Decline in Senescence (FRIENDS), to human aging and testing it within the constraints of noninvasive neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naftali Raz
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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11
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Veronese N, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Vaona A, Demurtas J, Carvalho AF, Koyanagi A, Thompson T, Zoratti M, Maggi S. Mitochondrial genetic haplogroups and depressive symptoms: A large study among people in North America. J Affect Disord 2017; 217:55-59. [PMID: 28391108 PMCID: PMC5482362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A possible relationship between mitochondrial haplogroups and psychiatric diseases (e.g. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) has been postulated, but data regarding depression is still limited. We investigated whether any mitochondrial haplogroup carried a significant higher risk of depressive symptoms in a large prospective cohort of North American people included in the Osteoarthritis Initiative. METHODS Cross sectional data was derived from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. The haplogroup was assigned through a combination of sequencing and PCR-RFLP techniques. All the mitochondrial haplogroups were named following this nomenclature: H, U, K, J, T, V, SuperHV, I, W, X or Others. Depression was ascertained through the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D), with ≥16 indicating depressive symptoms. RESULTS Overall, 3601 Caucasian participants (55.9% women), mean age of 61.7±9.3 years were included. No difference was observed in mitochondrial haplogroups frequency among those with depressive symptoms (n=285, =7.9% of the baseline population) compared to participants with no depressive symptoms (N=3316) (chi-square test=0.53). Using a logistic regression analysis, adjusted for eight potential confounders, with those having the haplogroup H as the reference group (the most common haplogroup), no significant mitochondrial haplogroup was associated with prevalent depressive symptoms. The same results were evident in secondary analysis in which we matched depressed and non-depressed participants for age and sex. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design; only CES-D for evaluating mood; participants not totally representative of general population. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of any relationship between specific mitochondrial haplogroups and depressive symptoms. Future longitudinal research is required to confirm/ refute these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy; Institute for clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy.
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8 AF, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Solmi
- Institute for clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Vaona
- Primary Care Department, Azienda ULSS20 Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department, Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Faculty of Education and Health, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Zoratti
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
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Zadka Ł, Dzięgiel P, Kulus M, Olajossy M. Clinical Phenotype of Depression Affects Interleukin-6 Synthesis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:231-245. [PMID: 28418766 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is not a single disease, but a number of various ailments that form one entity. Psychomotor retardation, anhedonia, sleep disorders, an increased suicide risk, and anxiety are the main symptoms that often define the clinical diagnosis of depression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), as one of the proinflammatory cytokines, seems to be overexpressed during certain mental disorders, including MDD. Overexpression of IL-6 in depression is thought to be a factor associated with bad prognosis and worse disease course. IL-6 may directly affect brain functioning and production of neurotransmitters; moreover, its concentration is correlated with certain clinical symptoms within the wide range of depressive symptomatology. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between IL-6 synthesis and psychosomatic functioning of the patient. This article discusses potential sources and significance of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Zadka
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław, Poland .,2 II Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Independent Public Teaching Hospital No 1 in Lublin, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Kulus
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Olajossy
- 2 II Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Independent Public Teaching Hospital No 1 in Lublin, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
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Aizenstein HJ, Baskys A, Boldrini M, Butters MA, Diniz BS, Jaiswal MK, Jellinger KA, Kruglov LS, Meshandin IA, Mijajlovic MD, Niklewski G, Pospos S, Raju K, Richter K, Steffens DC, Taylor WD, Tene O. Vascular depression consensus report - a critical update. BMC Med 2016; 14:161. [PMID: 27806704 PMCID: PMC5093970 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular depression is regarded as a subtype of late-life depression characterized by a distinct clinical presentation and an association with cerebrovascular damage. Although the term is commonly used in research settings, widely accepted diagnostic criteria are lacking and vascular depression is absent from formal psychiatric manuals such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition - a fact that limits its use in clinical settings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, showing a variety of cerebrovascular lesions, including extensive white matter hyperintensities, subcortical microvascular lesions, lacunes, and microinfarcts, in patients with late life depression, led to the introduction of the term "MRI-defined vascular depression". DISCUSSION This diagnosis, based on clinical and MRI findings, suggests that vascular lesions lead to depression by disruption of frontal-subcortical-limbic networks involved in mood regulation. However, despite multiple MRI approaches to shed light on the spatiotemporal structural changes associated with late life depression, the causal relationship between brain changes, related lesions, and late life depression remains controversial. While postmortem studies of elderly persons who died from suicide revealed lacunes, small vessel, and Alzheimer-related pathologies, recent autopsy data challenged the role of these lesions in the pathogenesis of vascular depression. Current data propose that the vascular depression connotation should be reserved for depressed older patients with vascular pathology and evident cerebral involvement. Based on current knowledge, the correlations between intra vitam neuroimaging findings and their postmortem validity as well as the role of peripheral markers of vascular disease in late life depression are discussed. CONCLUSION The multifold pathogenesis of vascular depression as a possible subtype of late life depression needs further elucidation. There is a need for correlative clinical, intra vitam structural and functional MRI as well as postmortem MRI and neuropathological studies in order to confirm the relationship between clinical symptomatology and changes in specific brain regions related to depression. To elucidate the causal relationship between regional vascular brain changes and vascular depression, animal models could be helpful. Current treatment options include a combination of vasoactive drugs and antidepressants, but the outcomes are still unsatisfying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrius Baskys
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Riverside Psychiatric Medical Group, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meryl A Butters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Breno S Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, Vienna, A-1150, Austria.
| | - Lev S Kruglov
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry of the St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute named after V. M. Bekhterev, Medical Faculty of St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan A Meshandin
- Clinical Department, Scientific and Practical Center of Psychoneurology named after V. M. Soloviev, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Milija D Mijajlovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Guenter Niklewski
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Pospos
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Riverside Psychiatric Medical Group, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Keerthy Raju
- Consultant in Old Age Psychiatry, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, UK
| | - Kneginja Richter
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.,Faculty for Social Sciences, Technical University of Nuremberg Georg Simon Ohm, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Oren Tene
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
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