1
|
Serum Cytokine Profile, Beta-Hexosaminidase A Enzymatic Activity and GM 2 Ganglioside Levels in the Plasma of a Tay-Sachs Disease Patient after Cord Blood Cell Transplantation and Curcumin Administration: A Case Report. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101007. [PMID: 34685379 PMCID: PMC8539434 DOI: 10.3390/life11101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that occurs due to a deficiency of a β hexosaminidase A (HexA) enzyme, resulting in the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides. In this work, we analyzed the effect of umbilical cord blood cell transplantation (UCBCT) and curcumin administration on the course of the disease in a patient with adult TSD. The patient’s serum cytokine profile was determined using multiplex analysis. The level of GM2 gangliosides in plasma was determined using mass spectrometry. The enzymatic activity of HexA in the plasma of the patient was assessed using a fluorescent substrate assay. The HexA α-subunit (HexA) concentration was determined using ELISA. It was shown that both UCBCT and curcumin administration led to a change in the patient’s cytokine profile. The UCBCT resulted in an increase in the concentration of HexA in the patient’s serum and in an improvement in the patient’s neurological status. However, neither UCBCT nor curcumin were able to alter HexA activity and the level of GM2 in patient’s plasma. The data obtained indicate that UCBCT and curcumin administration can alter the immunity of a patient with TSD, reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines and thereby improve the patient’s condition.
Collapse
|
2
|
ElKholy N, Tawfik HM, Ebeid S, Madkor ORE, Hamza SA. A model of cognitive evaluation battery for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in educated and illiterate Egyptian elderly people. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-020-00223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The high illiteracy rates in the North African and Middle Eastern region make direct cognitive testing challenging. Validated instruments for dementia in Arabic language are lacking specially those targeting low-educated subjects.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop a cognitive evaluation battery suitable for both educated and illiterate Egyptian elderly people.
Design
A cross-sectional study was conducted. Setting: Ain-Shams University geriatric and ophthalmology wards, geriatrics outpatient clinic, and geriatric clubs. Participants: 159 male and female participants aged ≥ 60 years were recruited.
Measurements
Cut-off points were determined according to DSM-IV criteria for dementia and MMSE scores which divided the participants into 3 quadrants as normal, having mild cognitive impairment and having dementia then application of the new battery test was done.
Results
Test re-test reliability ranged from adequate to high in most of its tests with r ≥ 0.7. There was a statistical significance between all battery tests when divided into normal and dementia according to DSM IV criteria except in digit span forward length, digit span backward length, stimulus cue of confrontation naming and judgment. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each battery subset, for the whole sample, for low-educated group and group with > 9 years education according to three quadrants of MMSE.
Conclusion
A new valid and reliable neurocognitive evaluation battery that can differentiate between normal, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia in both educated and illiterate subjects under the name of Ain Shams Cognitive Assessment (ASCA) scale is now available.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohite S, Cordeiro T, Tannous J, Mwangi B, Selvaraj S, Soares JC, Sanches M, Teixeira AL. Eotaxin-1/CCL11 correlates with left superior temporal gyrus in bipolar disorder: A preliminary report suggesting accelerated brain aging. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:592-596. [PMID: 32560958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric disorders have been linked to immune mechanisms. Altered peripheral levels of eotaxin-1/CCL11; a cytokine implicated in allergic reactions and aging process; have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD). Several brain areas, especially the temporal lobe, seem to display volume loss and accelerated aging in BD. This study aimed at exploring potential associations between eotaxins and brain volumes in patients with BD compared to controls. METHODS Twenty-two euthymic patients with BD and 22 controls were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of eotaxin-1/CCL11, eotaxin-2/CCL24 and eotaxin-3/CCL26 were determined alongside brain volumes. RESULTS There were no differences in the levels of eotaxins between patients and controls. A negative correlation was found between eotaxin-1/CCL11 levels and left-hemisphere's superior-temporal volume only in BD patients, which persisted with covariate adjusted model. CONCLUSION This study corroborates the emerging evidence of association between inflammation and brain volumes in BD. Our preliminary results also support the hypothesis of a possible role of eotaxin-1/CCL11 in accelerated brain aging in BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Mohite
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Thiago Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Jonika Tannous
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Sudhakar Selvaraj
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Marsal Sanches
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andreescu C, Ajilore O, Aizenstein HJ, Albert K, Butters MA, Landman BA, Karim HT, Krafty R, Taylor WD. Disruption of Neural Homeostasis as a Model of Relapse and Recurrence in Late-Life Depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:1316-1330. [PMID: 31477459 PMCID: PMC6842700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The significant public health burden associated with late-life depression (LLD) is magnified by the high rates of recurrence. In this manuscript, we review what is known about recurrence risk factors, conceptualize recurrence within a model of homeostatic disequilibrium, and discuss the potential significance and challenges of new research into LLD recurrence. The proposed model is anchored in the allostatic load theory of stress. We review the allostatic response characterized by neural changes in network function and connectivity and physiologic changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, immune system, and circadian rhythm. We discuss the role of neural networks' instability following treatment response as a source of downstream disequilibrium, triggering and/or amplifying abnormal stress response, cognitive dysfunction and behavioral changes, ultimately precipitating a full-blown recurrent episode of depression. We propose strategies to identify and capture early change points that signal recurrence risk through mobile technology to collect ecologically measured symptoms, accompanied by automated algorithms that monitor for state shifts (persistent worsening) and variance shifts (increased variability) relative to a patient's baseline. Identifying such change points in relevant sensor data could potentially provide an automated tool that could alert clinicians to at-risk individuals or relevant symptom changes even in a large practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Howard J. Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Kimberly Albert
- The Center for Cognitive Medicine, the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Bennett A. Landman
- Departments of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Robert Krafty
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Warren D. Taylor
- The Center for Cognitive Medicine, the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krishnamurthy N, Santini T, Wood S, Kim J, Zhao T, Aizenstein HJ, Ibrahim TS. Computational and experimental evaluation of the Tic-Tac-Toe RF coil for 7 Tesla MRI. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209663. [PMID: 30629618 PMCID: PMC6328242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of 7 Tesla RF coil systems have been proposed to produce spin excitation (B1+ field) and MR image acquisition. Different groups have attempted to mitigate the challenges at high and ultra-high field MRI by proposing novel hardware and software solutions to obtain uniformly high spin excitation at acceptable RF absorption levels. In this study, we extensively compare the designs of two distributed-circuit based RF coils: the Tic-Tac-Toe (TTT) head coil and TEM head coil on multiple anatomically detailed head models and in-vivo. Bench measurements of s-parameters and experimental B1+ field distribution were obtained in volunteers and compared with numerical simulations. RF absorption, quantified by both average and peak SAR, and B1+ field intensity and homogeneity, calculated/measured in terms of maximum over minimum and coefficient of variation (CV) in the region of interest (ROI), are presented for both coils. A study of the RF consistency of both coils across multiple head models for different RF excitation strategies is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Krishnamurthy
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Tales Santini
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sossena Wood
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Junghwan Kim
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- Siemens Medical Solutions, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Howard J. Aizenstein
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Tamer S. Ibrahim
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sirivichayakul S, Kanchanatawan B, Thika S, Carvalho AF, Maes M. Eotaxin, an Endogenous Cognitive Deteriorating Chemokine (ECDC), Is a Major Contributor to Cognitive Decline in Normal People and to Executive, Memory, and Sustained Attention Deficits, Formal Thought Disorders, and Psychopathology in Schizophrenia Patients. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:122-138. [PMID: 30056534 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eotaxin is increased in neurodegenerative disorders and schizophrenia, and preclinical studies indicate that eotaxin may induce cognitive deficits. This study aims to examine whether peripheral levels of eotaxin impact cognitive functioning in healthy volunteers and formal thought disorder (FTD) and psychopathology in schizophrenia patients. Serum levels of eotaxin were assayed and cognitive tests were performed on a sample of 40 healthy participants and 80 schizophrenia patients. Among healthy participants, eotaxin levels were significantly associated with episodic/semantic memory, executive functions, Mini Mental State Examination, emotion recognition, and sustained attention. In addition, age-related effects on these cognitive measures were partly mediated by eotaxin. The super-variable "age-eotaxin" predicted a large part of the variance in cognitive functions among healthy participants, and hence, eotaxin may act as an "accelerated brain aging chemokine" (ABAC). In schizophrenia, eotaxin levels had a strong impact on formal thought disorders and psychopathology. In schizophrenia, increased eotaxin strongly impacts memory and sustained attention, which together to a large extent determine FTD. FTD together with memory deficits predicts around 92.5% of the variance in psychopathology. Moreover, the effects of eotaxin are partially mediated by executive functioning, while the effects of male sex on FTD and psychopathology are mediated by eotaxin. In healthy subjects, eotaxin strongly impacts executive functioning and multiple cognitive domains. In schizophrenia, peripheral levels of eotaxin strongly impact both negative symptoms and psychosis (hallucinations and delusions), and these eotaxin effects are mediated by impairments in frontal functioning, memory, sustained attention, and FTD. Eotaxin is an endogenous cognitive deteriorating chemokine (ECDC) and a novel therapeutic target for age-related cognitive decline and schizophrenia as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaksorn Thika
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|