Response to intraarterial induction chemotherapy: A prognostic parameter in oral and oropharyngeal cancer

S1PR3 inhibition impairs cell cycle checkpoint via the AKT/WEE1 pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) has been implicated in promoting tumor progression in various cancers. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of S1PR3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain poorly understood. The aims of this study were to investigate the function of S1PR3 in OSCC progression and its potential as a therapeutic target.

METHOD

The expression of S1PR3 was determined through qPCR, Western blotting analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the TCGA database. The correlation between S1PR3 expression and clinical prognosis was analyzed using the TCGA database and IHC. The effects of S1PR3 on OSCC cell proliferation and cell cycle were investigated through CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, EdU incorporation assay, cell cycle analysis, and a xenograft mouse model. The potential mechanisms through which S1PR3 affects the OSCC cell cycle were explored using RNA-seq and a cell cycle array. The effects of combining S1PR3 antagonist with cisplatin on OSCC cell growth were examined through CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assays.

RESULTS

S1PR3 was overexpressed in OSCC and the upregulation of S1PR3 in OSCC was correlated with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and adverse prognosis. Targeting S1PR3 reduced AKT phosphorylation, which led to a downregulation of WEE1, a kinase involved in cell cycle regulation. This downregulation resulted in reducing CDC2 phosphorylation, disrupting the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint and inhibiting OSCC cell proliferation. Furthermore, the combination of S1PR3 antagonist exhibited synergistic inhibitory effects on OSCC cell growth when combined with cisplatin.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings reveal a critical role for S1PR3 in regulating OSCC cell cycle via the AKT/WEE1/CDC2 pathway, thus offering a basis for developing treatment strategies for OSCC patients.

The Molecular Basis and Therapeutic Aspects of Cisplatin Resistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a kind of malignant tumors with low survival rate and prone to have early metastasis and recurrence. Cisplatin is an alkylating agent which induces DNA damage through the formation of cisplatin-DNA adducts, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In the management of advanced OSCC, cisplatin-based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy has been considered as the first-line treatment. Unfortunately, only a portion of OSCC patients can benefit from cisplatin treatment, both inherent resistance and acquired resistance greatly limit the efficacy of cisplatin and even cause treatment failure. Herein, this review outline the underlying mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in OSCC from the aspects of DNA damage and repair, epigenetic regulation, transport processes, programmed cell death and tumor microenvironment. In addition, this review summarizes the strategies applicable to overcome cisplatin resistance, which can provide new ideas to improve the clinical therapeutic outcome of OSCC.

Approaching 10 years disease-free survival after isolated thoracic perfusion for advanced stage IV tonsil carcinoma: A case report

INTRODUCTION

This is a report about the first case of an advanced stage IV tonsil carcinoma treated with isolated thoracic perfusion and chemofiltration.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

The tumor extended beyond the midline with bilateral lymphnode metastases. Playing on wind instruments was impossible. As a professional Jazz saxophonist he refused mutilating surgery and chemoradiotherapy. After one isolated thoracic perfusion there was substantial tumor shrinkage. After three additional cycles of carotid artery infusion with chemofiltration a complete remission has been noted without systemic or local toxicity since 9 ½ years.

DISCUSSION

Knowing the often considerable long-term damage after surgery and chemoradiotherapy of head and neck tumors, some patient reject conventional therapy. Because of the steep dose response curve in cancer chemotherapy, an increased drug exposure in terms of intra-arterial short-term infusions or isolated perfusion can induce rapid remission induction without significantly affecting the quality of life. Further studies comparing regional chemotherapies with conventional chemoradiotherapy are warranted.

CONCLUSION

Intra-arterially applied short-term chemotherapy may generate rapid and onlasting remissions at low side-effects.

Intra-arterial Chemotherapy for Adult Onset Retinoblastoma in a 32-Year-Old Man

A 32-year-old man with active unilateral group D retinoblastoma that was recurrent following external beam radiotherapy was treated with intra-arterial chemotherapy, leading to tumor regression. Additional plaque radiotherapy and intravitreal chemotherapy were required for complete control. Final visual acuity was 20/40. In selected cases, adult-onset retinoblastoma can be managed with intra-arterial chemotherapy. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53:e43-e46.].

Continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy for downstaging locally advanced oral commissure carcinoma

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness, safety, and efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) infusion chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced oral commissure cancer.

METHODS

Twenty-one patients with stages III and IV squamous cell carcinoma involving the mouth angle were recruited. Methotrexate (MTX; 50 mg/day) was continuously infused into the external carotid artery for a mean period of 8 days, followed by weekly IA bolus of 25 mg MTX for a mean period of 10 weeks.

RESULTS

Thirteen patients (62%) achieved a complete response (CR) and 7 patients (33%) had a partial response (PR). At a median follow-up of 69 months, the estimated 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of the patients with CR versus PR were 100% versus 57%, 92% versus 43%, and 80% versus 43%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Our data demonstrate that continuous IA chemotherapy could achieve a competitive acceptable survival rate and improved locoregional control of advanced oral commissure cancer.

A new method of selective intra-arterial infusion therapy via the superficial temporal artery for head and neck cancer

OBJECTIVE

We proposed a new selective intra-arterial infusion method via the superficial temporal artery for preventing dislocation of the catheter.

STUDY DESIGN

This study included 92 patients who were treated by this combination therapy between May 1999 and December 2004. Primary tumor sites included the tongue in 73 patients, base of the tongue in 6 patients, floor of mouth in 4 patients, buccal mucosa in 4 patients, and other sites in 5 patients. Seventy-three patients had untreated lesions and 19 patients had recurrent lesions. Under fluoroscopy, a catheter was inserted into the target artery through the superficial temporal artery using a catheter exchange method.

RESULTS

In 76 (83%) of 92 patients, a catheter was successfully inserted into the target artery. In 4 patients, the catheter fell out of the selected artery during treatment.

CONCLUSION

This selective intra-arterial method will be an important modality for advanced tongue cancer.