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Hanba C, Lewis C. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery Requiring Microvascular Reconstruction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023; 56:801-812. [PMID: 37380326 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated since the 1990's that surgical outcomes can be improved through protocolized perioperative interventions. Since then, multiple surgical societies have engaged in adopting Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Societal recommendations to improve patient satisfaction, decrease the cost of interventions, and improve outcomes. In 2017, ERAS released consensus recommendations detailing the perioperative optimization of patients undergoing head and neck free flap reconstruction. This population was identified as a high resource demand, oftentimes burdened with challenging comorbidity, and poorly described cohort for which a perioperative management protocol could help to optimize outcomes. The following pages aim to further detail perioperative strategies to streamline patient recovery after head and neck reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Hanba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Carol Lewis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Mestrallet P, Yanni A, Roman A, Rodriguez A, Bouland C, Javadian R, Konopnicki D, Dequanter D. Antibiotic Use in Patients Undergoing Complex Clean-Contaminated Head and Neck Surgery: A Prospective Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2023; 13:349-355. [PMID: 37876581 PMCID: PMC10593369 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_25_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives Oncological surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract is a complex procedure and often includes neck dissection and flap reconstruction. It can be complicated by severe surgical site infection (SSI) leading to flap necrosis, delayed wound healing, and increasing mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic descriptive analysis and to evaluate the effect of our adapted antibiotic regimen strategy on postoperative outcomes. Materials and Methods A prospective cohort analysis of 47 patients undergoing major clean-contaminated head and neck surgery was conducted at the Cervicomaxillofacial Surgery Department (Saint-Pierre Hospital), between 2019 and 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: group I, which received a short-term postoperative antibiotic regimen for 24 h, and group II, which received a more extended postoperative antibiotic course for more than 24 h. Antibioprophylaxy amoxicillin and clavulanate were administered intravenously 30-60 min before making the incision. The antibiotic regimen was continued after surgery. The prognostic significance of the antibiotic regimen on postoperative outcomes, including clinical signs of infection and biological markers such as white blood cells count, and C-reactive protein levels was evaluated using univariate analysis. Results Eighteen patients developed SSIs. All of these infections were grade 2 and were treated with antibiotics. After univariate analysis, only a history of hypothyroidism seems to be a predictor of SSI (P = 0.038). No significant difference was found in terms of onset and hospital stay when we compared the patients who received antibiotics for 24 h or more. Moreover, the rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria was not different in both groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that postoperative antibiotics for more than 24 h do not confer benefit in terms of SSI. Oncological patients undergoing complex clean-contaminated head and neck surgery are often suffering from infectious complications and, despite the absence of guidelines, practicians should consider these findings in their decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mestrallet
- Department of Stomatology-Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Yanni
- Department of Stomatology-Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Roman
- Department of Intensive Care, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Rodriguez
- Department of Otolaryngolology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Bouland
- Department of Stomatology-Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rokneddine Javadian
- Department of Stomatology-Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Deborah Konopnicki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Dequanter
- Department of Stomatology-Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngolology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHU Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Plonowska-Hirschfeld KA, Zebolsky AL, Lindeborg MM, McNeill C, Knott PD, Seth R, Park AM, Heaton CM. Restarting Therapeutic Antibiotics Following Postoperative Prophylaxis in Head and Neck Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:357-365. [PMID: 35972809 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221117794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine factors associated with restarting therapeutic antibiotics within 30 days of head and neck microvascular free tissue transfer (HN-MFTT). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study of consecutive HN-MFTTs performed from January 2015 to July 2020. SETTING Tertiary academic medical center. METHODS Thirty-day postoperative antibiotic use and post-HN-MFTT surgical and medical complications were assessed. Univariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate risk factors associated with restarting antibiotics. RESULTS overall 482 patients with 501 HN-MFTTs were stratified by duration of prophylaxis: ≤24 hours (n = 136, 27.1%), 25-72 hours (n = 54, 10.8%), and >72 hours (n = 311, 62.1%). Antibiotics were restarted in 199 patients (209 procedures, 42%). The most common indications for antibiotic reinitiation were flap recipient site infection (n = 59, 28%); hospital-acquired pneumonia (n = 44, 21%); and wound dehiscence, fluctuance, or change in quality of drain output (n = 44, 21%). Shorter antibiotic prophylaxis (≤24 hours) (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% CI, 1.2-3.0; P = .003), osteocutaneous flaps (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4; P = .001), and prior immunotherapy/chemotherapy (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.2-4.3; P = .01) were associated with reinitiation of antibiotics for surgical infections. Restarting antimicrobials for nosocomial infections was associated with aerodigestive defects (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2; P = .019), cardiovascular disease (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.5-5.9; P = .001), and medical comorbidities approximated by American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 or 4 (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.5-5.4; P = .002). CONCLUSION Aerodigestive reconstruction, 24-hour postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis, American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 and 4, prior chemotherapy/immunotherapy, cardiovascular disease, and osteocutaneous flaps are associated with reinitiation of antibiotics within 30 days of HN-MFTT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron L Zebolsky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael M Lindeborg
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christian McNeill
- Division of Head and Neck Oncologic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - P Daniel Knott
- Division of Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rahul Seth
- Division of Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea M Park
- Division of Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chase M Heaton
- Division of Head and Neck Oncologic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Hamill CS, Snyder V, Sykes KJ, O'Toole T. Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Patients Undergoing Free Flap Reconstruction. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:E1881-E1887. [PMID: 33179795 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between antibiotic prophylaxis and prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in patients undergoing head and neck cancer reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective Chart Review. METHODS Retrospective review of patients who underwent head and neck free flap reconstruction at our institution between 2009 to 2016. RESULTS Of the 145 patients that underwent head and neck tumor removal surgery using free tissue flaps to cover the defect and therafter received antibiotic prophylaxis, 30 (20.7%) developed postoperative surgical site (n = 17, 55.7%) or distant (n = 13, 43.4%) infections. Seven had a multidrug-resistant infection, the most common with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There was no significant relationship between antibiotic spectrum or duration to the development of postoperative infections or MDRO. Pseudomonas and MRSA infections were low overall with only one multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas infection. CONCLUSIONS The choice of antibiotic prophylaxis should cover organisms these patients are at highest risk for including anaerobes and Gram-negative organisms. A shorter duration of antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered given no increased risk of postoperative infection nor MDRO. Finally, one must be aware of the potential threat of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas and MRSA amongst this vulnerable population and identity these with culture driven treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1881-E1887, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea S Hamill
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Vusala Snyder
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Kevin J Sykes
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Thomas O'Toole
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Spectrum Health Medical Group, Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.A
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Frederiksen K, Krag AE, Larsen JB, Kiil BJ, Thiel S, Hvas AM. Remote ischemic preconditioning does not influence lectin pathway protein levels in head and neck cancer patients undergoing surgery. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230411. [PMID: 32267878 PMCID: PMC7141620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients who undergo tumor removal, and reconstructive surgery by transfer of a free tissue flap, are at high risk of surgical site infection and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Complement activation through the lectin pathway (LP) may contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a recent experimental treatment targeting ischemia-reperfusion injury. The study aims were to investigate LP protein plasma levels in head and neck cancer patients compared with healthy individuals, to explore whether RIPC affects LP protein levels in head and neck cancer surgery, and finally to examine the association between postoperative LP protein levels and the risk of surgical site infection. METHODS Head and neck cancer patients (n = 60) undergoing tumor resection and reconstructive surgery were randomized 1:1 to RIPC or sham intervention administered intraoperatively. Blood samples were obtained preoperatively, 6 hours after RIPC/sham, and on the first postoperative day. LP protein plasma levels were measured utilizing time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. RESULTS H-ficolin and M-ficolin levels were significantly increased in cancer patients compared with healthy individuals (both P ≤ 0.02). Conversely, mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease (MASP)-1, MASP-3, collectin liver-1 (CL-L1), and MBL-associated protein of 44 kilodalton (MAp44) levels were decreased in cancer patients compared with healthy individuals (all P ≤ 0.04). A significant reduction in all LP protein levels was observed after surgery (all P < 0.001); however, RIPC did not affect LP protein levels. No difference was demonstrated in postoperative LP protein levels between patients who developed surgical site infection and patients who did not (all P > 0.13). CONCLUSIONS The LP was altered in head and neck cancer patients. LP protein levels were reduced after surgery, but intraoperative RIPC did not influence the LP. Postoperative LP protein levels were not associated with surgical site infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Frederiksen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Engel Krag
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte Jul Kiil
- Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Hvas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Chiesa-Estomba CM, Lechien JR, Fakhry N, Melkane A, Calvo-Henriquez C, de Siati D, Gonzalez-Garcia JA, Fagan JJ, Ayad T. Systematic review of international guidelines for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in Head & Neck Surgery. A YO-IFOS Head & Neck Study Group Position Paper. Head Neck 2019; 41:3434-3456. [PMID: 31282061 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection that occurs after a surgical incision or organ manipulation during surgery. The frequency reported for clean head and neck surgical procedures without antimicrobial prophylaxis is <1%. In contrast, infection rates in patients undergoing complicated cancer surgery are high, ranging from 24% to 87% of patients without antimicrobial prophylaxis. METHODS Guidelines and recommendations about the use of antibiotics in head and neck surgery from 2004 to 2019 were reviewed. RESULTS Four guidelines from Oceania, 5 from South America, 5 from North America, 2 from the United Kingdom, 11 from Europe, 1 from Africa, 1 from the Middle East, and 3 from Asia were included. A total of 118 papers were included for analysis and recommendation. CONCLUSION Antibiotic prophylaxis can decrease the incidence of SSI. However, the risks associated with antibiotic exposure and the risk of antibiotic resistance need to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérome R Lechien
- Department of Human Anatomy & Experimental Oncology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Universitary Hospital of la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Melkane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christian Calvo-Henriquez
- Department of otolaryngology-Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniele de Siati
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Centre d'AudioPhonologie des Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jose Angel Gonzalez-Garcia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Tareck Ayad
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Haque M, McKimm J, Godman B, Abu Bakar M, Sartelli M. Initiatives to reduce postoperative surgical site infections of the head and neck cancer surgery with a special emphasis on developing countries. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 19:81-92. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1544497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Haque
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Judy McKimm
- Swansea University School of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sasako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, South Africa
| | - Muhamad Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Massimo Sartelli
- Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
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Veve MP, Greene JB, Williams AM, Davis SL, Lu N, Shnayder Y, Li DX, Noureldine SI, Richmon JD, Lin LO, Hanasono MM, Pipkorn P, Jackson RS, Hornig JD, Light T, Wax MK, Yiu Y, Bekeny J, Old M, Hernandez D, Patel UA, Ghanem TA. Multicenter Assessment of Antibiotic Prophylaxis Spectrum on Surgical Infections in Head and Neck Cancer Microvascular Reconstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599818756299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective To characterize and identify risk factors for 30-day surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients with head and neck cancer who underwent microvascular reconstruction. Study Design Cross-sectional study with nested case-control design. Setting Nine American tertiary care centers. Subjects and Methods Hospitalized patients were included if they underwent head and neck cancer microvascular reconstruction from January 2003 to March 2016. Cases were defined as patients who developed 30-day SSI; controls were patients without SSI at 30 days. Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (POABP) regimens were categorized by Gram-negative (GN) spectrum: no GN coverage, enteric GN coverage, and enteric with antipseudomonal GN coverage. All POABP regimens retained activity against anaerobes and Gram-positive bacteria. Thirty-day prevalence of and risk factors for SSI were evaluated. Results A total of 1307 patients were included. Thirty-day SSI occurred in 189 (15%) patients; median time to SSI was 11.5 days (interquartile range, 7-17). Organisms were isolated in 59% of SSI; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9%) were uncommon. A total of 1003 (77%) patients had POABP data: no GN (17%), enteric GN (52%), and antipseudomonal GN (31%). Variables independently associated with 30-day SSI were as follows: female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2), no GN POABP (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5-3.3), and surgical duration ≥11.8 hours (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.7). Longer POABP durations (≥6 days) or antipseudomonal POABP had no association with SSI. Conclusions POABP without GN coverage was significantly associated with SSI and should be avoided. Antipseudomonal POABP or longer prophylaxis durations (≥6 days) were not protective against SSI. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions should be made to limit unnecessary antibiotic exposures, prevent the emergence of resistant organisms, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Veve
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Susan L. Davis
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nina Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Yelizaveta Shnayder
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - David X. Li
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence O. Lin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Patrik Pipkorn
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan S. Jackson
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua D. Hornig
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tyler Light
- Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark K. Wax
- Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yin Yiu
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James Bekeny
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Old
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Tamer A. Ghanem
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Veve MP, Davis SL, Williams AM, McKinnon JE, Ghanem TA. Considerations for antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck cancer surgery. Oral Oncol 2017; 74:181-187. [PMID: 28943204 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peri/post-operative antibiotic prophylaxis (POABP) has become standard practice for preventing surgical site infections (SSI) in head and neck cancer patients undergoing microvascular reconstruction, but few data exist on optimal POABP regimens. Current surgical prophylaxis guideline recommendations fail to account for the complexity of microvascular reconstruction relative to other head and neck procedures, specifically regarding wound classification and antibiotic duration. Selection of POABP spectrum is also controversial, and must balance the choice between too narrow, risking subsequent infection, or too broad, and possible unwanted effects (e.g. antibiotic resistance, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea). POABP regimens should retain activity against bacteria expected to colonize the upper respiratory/salivary tracts, which include Gram-positive organisms and facultative anaerobes. However, Gram-negative bacilli also contribute to SSI in this setting. POABP doses should be optimized in order to achieve therapeutic tissue concentrations at the surgical site. Antibiotics targeted towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa are not warranted for all patients. Prolonged POABP durations have shown no differences in SSI when compared to short POABP durations, but prolonged durations provide unnecessarily antibiotic exposure and risk for adverse effects. Given the lack of standardization behind antibiotic POABP in this setting and the potential for poor patient outcomes, this practice necessitates an additional focus of surgeons and antimicrobial stewardship programs. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of POABP evidence and discuss pertinent clinical implications of appropriate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Veve
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Knoxville, TN, USA; University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Susan L Davis
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Tamer A Ghanem
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
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Akashi M, Kusumoto J, Sakakibara A, Hashikawa K, Furudoi S, Komori T. Literature Review of Criteria for Defining Recipient-Site Infection after Oral Oncologic Surgery with Simultaneous Reconstruction. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2017; 18:755-764. [PMID: 28792850 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of uniformity of criteria for defining recipient-site infection after oral oncologic surgery with simultaneous reconstruction is problematic despite numerous studies on this issue. This study aimed to investigate the difference in the criteria for defining recipient-site infection after oral oncologic surgery with reconstruction. METHODS A Medline search was performed via PUBMED using the following combinations of key terms that were tagged in the title, abstract, or both: "surgical site infection-head neck," "surgical site infection-oral cancer," "antibiotic prophylaxis-head neck," and "surgical site infection-oral carcinoma." Search results were filtered between 2005 and 2017. Articles in which there was no mention of the criteria for definition of surgical-site infection were excluded. RESULTS The number of articles that met the inclusion criteria was 24. The lack of uniformity in the criteria for defining recipient-site infection in each article appeared to be attributable mainly to differences in whether an orocutaneous fistula and superficial incisional infection were regarded as recipient-site infection. CONCLUSION Reconsideration of the categorization of orocutaneous fistula as infection, regardless of the etiology, and differentiation of superficial and deep incisional infections are necessary for correct assessment of recipient-site infection in oral oncologic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Akashi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan
| | - Junya Kusumoto
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakakibara
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Hashikawa
- 2 Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan
| | - Shungo Furudoi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahide Komori
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan
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