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Shao C, Li Z, Zhang C, Zhang W, He R, Cai Y, Xu J. Optical diagnostic imaging and therapy for thyroid cancer. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100441. [PMID: 36388462 PMCID: PMC9640994 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer, as one of the most common endocrine cancers, has seen a surge in incidence in recent years. This is most likely due to the lack of specificity and accuracy of its traditional diagnostic modalities, leading to the overdiagnosis of thyroid nodules. Although there are several treatment options available, they are limited to surgery and 131I radiation therapy that come with significant side effects and hence cannot meet the treatment needs of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with very high malignancy. Optical imaging that utilizes optical absorption, refraction and scattering properties, not only observes the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, or even the whole organism to assist in diagnosis, but can also be used to perform optical therapy to achieve targeted non-invasive and precise treatment of thyroid cancer. These applications of screening, diagnosis, and treatment, lend to optical imaging's promising potential within the realm of thyroid cancer surgical navigation. Over the past decade, research on optical imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer has been growing year by year, but no comprehensive review on this topic has been published. Here, we review key advances in the application of optical imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer and discuss the challenges and potential for clinical translation of this technology.
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Rubinstein M, Hu AC, Chung PS, Kim JH, Osann KE, Schalch P, Armstrong WB, Wong BJF. Intraoperative use of optical coherence tomography to differentiate normal and diseased thyroid and parathyroid tissues from lymph node and fat. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:269-278. [PMID: 32337680 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to determine the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to differentiate normal and diseased tissue of the neck region intraoperatively and (2) to evaluate how accurately a cohort of test subjects can identify various tissue types when shown a sample set of OCT images. In this in vivo, prospective, single institutional study, an OCT imaging system (Niris, Imalux, Cleveland, OH) was used to image parathyroid, thyroid, lymph node, and fat tissue in 76 patients during neck surgery. Biopsies were performed for comparison of OCT images with histology in select cases (n = 20). Finally, a group of either surgeons or scientists familiar with OCT (n = 17) were shown a sample of OCT images and asked to identify the tissue. A total of 437 OCT images were analyzed, and characteristic features of each tissue type were identified. OCT demonstrated distinct differences in structural architecture and signal intensity that allows differentiation between thyroid and parathyroid tissues, lymph nodes, and fat. OCT images were also compared with histology with good correlation. There was no difference in correctly identifying OCT-imaged tissue type between surgeons and scientists. This study is the first in vivo OCT imaging study to evaluate both normal and diseased tissues that may be encountered during neck surgery. OCT has the potential to become a valuable intraoperative tool to differentiate diseased and normal thyroid tissue intraoperatively to obtain an "optical biopsy" in real time without fixation, staining, or tissue resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rubinstein
- Departement of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Allison C Hu
- Departement of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jason H Kim
- Departement of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Osann
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Paul Schalch
- Departement of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - William B Armstrong
- Departement of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Brian J F Wong
- Departement of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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