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Rishi G, Secondes ES, Asplett K, Wallace DF, Ostini L, Berger J, Subramaniam VN. Dysregulated hepcidin response to dietary iron in male mice with reduced Gnpat expression. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201508. [PMID: 32766721 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20201508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exome sequencing has identified the glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPAT) gene as a genetic modifier of iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). Subjects with HFE (Homeostatic Iron Regulator) p.C282Y mutations and the GNPAT p.D519G variant had more iron loading compared with subjects without the GNPAT variant. In response to an oral iron challenge, women with GNPAT polymorphisms loaded more iron as compared with women without polymorphisms, reinforcing a role for GNPAT in iron homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize an animal model of disease to further our understanding of genetic modifiers, and in particular the role of GNPAT in iron homeostasis. We generated an Hfe/Gnpat mouse model reminiscent of the patients previously studied and studied these mice for up to 26 weeks. We also examined the effect of dietary iron loading on mice with reduced Gnpat expression. Gnpat heterozygosity in Hfe knockout mice does not play a role in systemic iron homeostasis; Gnpat+/− mice fed a high-iron diet, however, had lower hepatic hepcidin (HAMP) mRNA expression, whereas they have significantly higher serum iron levels and transferrin saturation compared with wildtype (WT) littermates on a similar diet. These results reinforce an independent role of GNPAT in systemic iron homeostasis, reproducing in an animal model, the observations in women with GNPAT polymorphisms subjected to an iron tolerance test.
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Secondes ES, Wallace DF, Rishi G, McLaren GD, McLaren CE, Chen WP, Ramm LE, Powell LW, Ramm GA, Barton JC, Subramaniam VN. Increased frequency of GNPAT p.D519G in compound HFE p.C282Y/p.H63D heterozygotes with elevated serum ferritin levels. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 85:102463. [PMID: 32652459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPAT) p.D519G (rs11558492) was identified as a genetic modifier correlated with more severe iron overload in hemochromatosis through whole-exome sequencing of HFE p.C282Y homozygotes with extreme iron phenotypes. We studied the prevalence of p.D519G in HFE p.C282Y/p.H63D compound heterozygotes, a genotype associated with iron overload in some patients. Cases were Australian participants with elevated serum ferritin (SF) levels ≥300μg/L (males) and ≥200μg/L (females); subjects whose SF levels were below these cut-offs were designated as controls. Samples were genotyped for GNPAT p.D519G. We compared the allele frequency of the present subjects, with/without elevated SF, to p.D519G frequency in public datasets. GNPAT p.D519G was more prevalent in our cohort of p.C282Y/p.H63D compound heterozygotes with elevated SF (37%) than European public datasets: 1000G 21%, gnomAD 20% and ESP 21%. We conclude that GNPAT p.D519G is associated with elevated SF in Australian HFE p.C282Y/p.H63D compound heterozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriza S Secondes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Daniel F Wallace
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gautam Rishi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gordon D McLaren
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA.
| | | | - Wen-Pin Chen
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA.
| | - Louise E Ramm
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lawrie W Powell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Grant A Ramm
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - James C Barton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, Southern Iron Disorders Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - V Nathan Subramaniam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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An P, Wang J, Wang H, Jiang L, Wang J, Min J, Wang F. Gnpat does not play an essential role in systemic iron homeostasis in murine model. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4118-4126. [PMID: 32108988 PMCID: PMC7171407 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The GNPAT variant rs11558492 (p.D519G) was identified as a novel genetic factor that modifies the iron‐overload phenotype in homozygous carriers of the HFE p.C282Y variant. However, the reported effects of the GNPAT p.D519G variant vary among study populations. Here, we investigated the role of GNPAT in iron metabolism using Gnpat‐knockout (Gnpat−/−), Gnpat/Hfe double‐knockout (Gnpat−/−Hfe−/− or DKO) mice and hepatocyte‐specific Gnpat‐knockout mice (Gnpatfl/fl;Alb‐Cre). Our analysis revealed no significant difference between wild‐type (Gnpat+/+) and Gnpat−/− mice, between Hfe−/− and DKO mice, or between Gnpatfl/fl and Gnpatfl/fl;Alb‐Cre with respect to serum iron and tissue iron. In addition, the expression of hepcidin was not affected by deleting Gnpat expression in the presence or absence of Hfe. Feeding Gnpat−/− and DKO mice a high‐iron diet had no effect on tissue iron levels compared with wild‐type and Hfe−/− mice, respectively. Gnpat knockdown in primary hepatocytes from wild‐type or Hfe−/− mice did not alter hepcidin expression, but it repressed BMP6‐induced hepcidin expression. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that deleting Gnpat expression has no effect on either systemic iron metabolism or the iron‐overload phenotype that develops in Hfe−/− mice, suggesting that GNPAT does not directly mediate iron homeostasis under normal or high‐iron dietary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxia Min
- School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Loréal O, Cavey T, Robin F, Kenawi M, Guggenbuhl P, Brissot P. Iron as a Therapeutic Target in HFE-Related Hemochromatosis: Usual and Novel Aspects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040131. [PMID: 30486249 PMCID: PMC6315470 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic hemochromatosis is an iron overload disease that is mainly related to the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. This gene controls the expression of hepcidin, a peptide secreted in plasma by the liver and regulates systemic iron distribution. Homozygous C282Y mutation induces hepcidin deficiency, leading to increased circulating transferrin saturation, and ultimately, iron accumulation in organs such as the liver, pancreas, heart, and bone. Iron in excess may induce or favor the development of complications such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, diabetes, heart failure, hypogonadism, but also complaints such as asthenia and disabling arthritis. Iron depletive treatment mainly consists of venesections that permit the removal of iron contained in red blood cells and the subsequent mobilization of stored iron in order to synthesize hemoglobin for new erythrocytes. It is highly efficient in removing excess iron and preventing most of the complications associated with excess iron in the body. However, this treatment does not target the biological mechanisms involved in the iron metabolism disturbance. New treatments based on the increase of hepcidin levels, by using hepcidin mimetics or inducers, or inhibitors of the iron export activity of ferroportin protein that is the target of hepcidin, if devoid of significant secondary effects, should be useful to better control iron parameters and symptoms, such as arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Thibault Cavey
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - François Robin
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Moussa Kenawi
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Pascal Guggenbuhl
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Pierre Brissot
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
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