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Talari NK, Mattam U, Kaminska D, Sotomayor-Rodriguez I, Rahman AP, Péterfy M, Pajukanta P, Pihlajamäki J, Chella Krishnan K. Hepatokine ITIH3 protects against hepatic steatosis by downregulating mitochondrial bioenergetics and de novo lipogenesis. iScience 2024; 27:109709. [PMID: 38689636 PMCID: PMC11059128 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that liver secretory proteins, also known as hepatokines, regulate normal development, obesity, and simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. Using a panel of ∼100 diverse inbred strains of mice and a cohort of bariatric surgery patients, we found that one such hepatokine, inter-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3), was progressively lower in severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) disease states highlighting an inverse relationship between Itih3/ITIH3 expression and NAFLD severity. Follow-up animal and cell culture models demonstrated that hepatic ITIH3 overexpression lowered liver triglyceride and lipid droplet accumulation, respectively. Conversely, ITIH3 knockdown in mice increased the liver triglyceride in two independent NAFLD models. Mechanistically, ITIH3 reduced mitochondrial respiration and this, in turn, reduced liver triglycerides, via downregulated de novo lipogenesis. This was accompanied by increased STAT1 signaling and Stat3 expression, both of which are known to protect against NAFLD/NASH. Our findings indicate hepatokine ITIH3 as a potential biomarker and/or treatment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noble Kumar Talari
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ushodaya Mattam
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Irene Sotomayor-Rodriguez
- Medical Sciences Baccalaureate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Afra P. Rahman
- Medical Sciences Baccalaureate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Miklós Péterfy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karthickeyan Chella Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Hui ST, Gong L, Swichkow C, Blencowe M, Kaminska D, Diamante G, Pan C, Dalsania M, French SW, Magyar CE, Pajukanta P, Pihlajamäki J, Boström KI, Yang X, Lusis AJ. Role of Matrix Gla Protein in Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:943-960. [PMID: 37611662 PMCID: PMC10632746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a complex disease involving both genetic and environmental factors in its onset and progression. We analyzed NASH phenotypes in a genetically diverse cohort of mice, the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, to identify genes contributing to disease susceptibility. METHODS A "systems genetics" approach, involving integration of genetic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic data, was used to identify candidate genes and pathways in a mouse model of NASH. The causal role of Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) was validated using heterozygous MGP knockout (Mgp+/-) mice. The mechanistic role of MGP in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling was examined in the LX-2 stellate cell line by using a loss of function approach. RESULTS Local cis-acting regulation of MGP was correlated with fibrosis, suggesting a causal role in NASH, and this was validated using loss of function experiments in 2 models of diet-induced NASH. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, Mgp was found to be primarily expressed in hepatic stellate cells and dendritic cells in mice. Knockdown of MGP expression in stellate LX-2 cells led to a blunted response to TGF-β stimulation. This was associated with reduced regulatory SMAD phosphorylation and TGF-β receptor ALK1 expression as well as increased expression of inhibitory SMAD6. Hepatic MGP expression was found to be significantly correlated with the severity of fibrosis in livers of patients with NASH, suggesting relevance to human disease. CONCLUSIONS MGP regulates liver fibrosis and TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells and contributes to NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Lili Gong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chantle Swichkow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Meet Dalsania
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Clara E Magyar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Alonso-Peña M, Del Barrio M, Peleteiro-Vigil A, Jimenez-Gonzalez C, Santos-Laso A, Arias-Loste MT, Iruzubieta P, Crespo J. Innovative Therapeutic Approaches in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: When Knowing Your Patient Is Key. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10718. [PMID: 37445895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatic steatosis may result from the dysfunction of multiple pathways and thus multiple molecular triggers involved in the disease have been described. The development of NASH entails the activation of inflammatory and fibrotic processes. Furthermore, NAFLD is also strongly associated with several extra-hepatic comorbidities, i.e., metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Due to the heterogeneity of NAFLD presentations and the multifactorial etiology of the disease, clinical trials for NAFLD treatment are testing a wide range of interventions and drugs, with little success. Here, we propose a narrative review of the different phenotypic characteristics of NAFLD patients, whose disease may be triggered by different agents and driven along different pathophysiological pathways. Thus, correct phenotyping of NAFLD patients and personalized treatment is an innovative therapeutic approach that may lead to better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alonso-Peña
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Del Barrio
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Peleteiro-Vigil
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Carolina Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Arias-Loste
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Meijnikman AS, van Olden CC, Aydin Ö, Herrema H, Kaminska D, Lappa D, Männistö V, Tremaroli V, Olofsson LE, de Brauw M, van de Laar A, Verheij J, Gerdes VE, Schwartz TW, Nielsen J, Bäckhed F, Pajukanta P, Pihlajamäki J, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Kuipers F, Nieuwdorp M, Groen AK. Hyperinsulinemia Is Highly Associated With Markers of Hepatocytic Senescence in Two Independent Cohorts. Diabetes 2022; 71:1929-1936. [PMID: 35713877 PMCID: PMC9450852 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an essentially irreversible growth arrest that occurs in response to various cellular stressors and may contribute to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this article, we investigated whether chronically elevated insulin levels are associated with cellular senescence in the human liver. In 107 individuals undergoing bariatric surgery, hepatic senescence markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry as well as transcriptomics. A subset of 180 participants from the ongoing Finnish Kuopio OBesity Surgery (KOBS) study was used as validation cohort. We found plasma insulin to be highly associated with various markers of cellular senescence in liver tissue. The liver transcriptome of individuals with high insulin revealed significant upregulation of several genes associated with senescence: p21, TGFβ, PI3K, HLA-G, IL8, p38, Ras, and E2F. Insulin associated with hepatic senescence independently of NAFLD and plasma glucose. By using transcriptomic data from the KOBS study, we could validate the association of insulin with p21 in the liver. Our results support a potential role for hyperinsulinemia in induction of cellular senescence in the liver. These findings suggest possible benefits of lowering insulin levels in obese individuals with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham S. Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Casper C. van Olden
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ömrüm Aydin
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dimitra Lappa
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio Finland
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise E. Olofsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maurits de Brauw
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor E.A. Gerdes
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Thue W. Schwartz
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio Finland
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Folkert Kuipers
- Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Sehgal R, Ilha M, Vaittinen M, Kaminska D, Männistö V, Kärjä V, Tuomainen M, Hanhineva K, Romeo S, Pajukanta P, Pihlajamäki J, de Mello VD. Indole-3-Propionic Acid, a Gut-Derived Tryptophan Metabolite, Associates with Hepatic Fibrosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103509. [PMID: 34684510 PMCID: PMC8538297 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Gut microbiota-derived metabolites play a vital role in maintenance of human health and progression of disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut-derived tryptophan metabolite, has been recently shown to be lower in individuals with obesity and T2D. IPA’s beneficial effect on liver health has been also explored in rodent and cell models. In this study, we investigated the association of IPA with human liver histology and transcriptomics, and the potential of IPA to reduce hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro. Methods: A total of 233 subjects (72% women; age 48.3 ± 9.3 years; BMI 43.1 ± 5.4 kg/m2) undergoing bariatric surgery with detailed liver histology were included. Circulating IPA levels were measured using LC-MS and liver transcriptomics with total RNA-sequencing. LX-2 cells were used to study hepatoprotective effect of IPA in cells activated by TGF-β1. Results: Circulating IPA levels were found to be lower in individuals with liver fibrosis compared to those without fibrosis (p = 0.039 for all participants; p = 0.013 for 153 individuals without T2D). Accordingly, levels of circulating IPA associated with expression of 278 liver transcripts (p < 0.01) that were enriched for the genes regulating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and hepatic fibrosis signaling. Our results suggest that IPA may have hepatoprotective potential because it is able to reduce cell adhesion, cell migration and mRNA gene expression of classical markers of HSCs activation in LX-2 cells (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The association of circulating IPA with liver fibrosis and the ability of IPA to reduce activation of LX-2 cells suggests that IPA may have a therapeutic potential. Further molecular studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms how IPA can ameliorate hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratika Sehgal
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.S.); (M.I.); (M.V.); (D.K.); (M.T.); (K.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Mariana Ilha
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.S.); (M.I.); (M.V.); (D.K.); (M.T.); (K.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Maija Vaittinen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.S.); (M.I.); (M.V.); (D.K.); (M.T.); (K.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.S.); (M.I.); (M.V.); (D.K.); (M.T.); (K.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Ville Männistö
- Departments of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Vesa Kärjä
- Department of Pathology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Marjo Tuomainen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.S.); (M.I.); (M.V.); (D.K.); (M.T.); (K.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.S.); (M.I.); (M.V.); (D.K.); (M.T.); (K.H.); (J.P.)
- Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Institute for Precision Health, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.S.); (M.I.); (M.V.); (D.K.); (M.T.); (K.H.); (J.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vanessa D. de Mello
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.S.); (M.I.); (M.V.); (D.K.); (M.T.); (K.H.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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