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Shi Y, Huang D, Song C, Cao R, Wang Z, Wang D, Zhao L, Xu X, Lu C, Xiong F, Zhao H, Li S, Zhou Q, Luo S, Hu D, Zhang Y, Wang C, Shen Y, Su W, Wu Y, Schmitz K, Wei S, Song W. Diphthamide deficiency promotes association of eEF2 with p53 to induce p21 expression and neural crest defects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3301. [PMID: 38671004 PMCID: PMC11053169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diphthamide is a modified histidine residue unique for eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), a key ribosomal protein. Loss of this evolutionarily conserved modification causes developmental defects through unknown mechanisms. In a patient with compound heterozygous mutations in Diphthamide Biosynthesis 1 (DPH1) and impaired eEF2 diphthamide modification, we observe multiple defects in neural crest (NC)-derived tissues. Knockin mice harboring the patient's mutations and Xenopus embryos with Dph1 depleted also display NC defects, which can be attributed to reduced proliferation in the neuroepithelium. DPH1 depletion facilitates dissociation of eEF2 from ribosomes and association with p53 to promote transcription of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, resulting in inhibited proliferation. Knockout of one p21 allele rescues the NC phenotypes in the knockin mice carrying the patient's mutations. These findings uncover an unexpected role for eEF2 as a transcriptional coactivator for p53 to induce p21 expression and NC defects, which is regulated by diphthamide modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Daochao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ruixue Cao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Congyu Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Haowen Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuyue Luo
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Dongjie Hu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weiting Su
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Karl Schmitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Weihong Song
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Schaffrath R, Brinkmann U. Diphthamide - a conserved modification of eEF2 with clinical relevance. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:164-177. [PMID: 38097404 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Diphthamide, a complex modification on eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), assures reading-frame fidelity during translation. Diphthamide and enzymes for its synthesis are conserved in eukaryotes and archaea. Originally identified as target for diphtheria toxin (DT) in humans, its clinical relevance now proves to be broader than the link to pathogenic bacteria. Diphthamide synthesis enzymes (DPH1 and DPH3) are associated with cancer, and DPH gene mutations can cause diphthamide deficiency syndrome (DDS). Finally, new analyses provide evidence that diphthamide may restrict propagation of viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1, and that DPH enzymes are targeted by viruses for degradation to overcome this restriction. This review describes how diphthamide is synthesized and functions in translation, and covers its clinical relevance in human development, cancer, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Schaffrath
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany.
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3
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Ütkür K, Schmidt S, Mayer K, Klassen R, Brinkmann U, Schaffrath R. DPH1 Gene Mutations Identify a Candidate SAM Pocket in Radical Enzyme Dph1•Dph2 for Diphthamide Synthesis on EF2. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1655. [PMID: 38002337 PMCID: PMC10669111 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the Dph1•Dph2 dimer is a non-canonical radical SAM enzyme. Using iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters, it cleaves the cosubstrate S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) to form a 3-amino-3-carboxy-propyl (ACP) radical for the synthesis of diphthamide. The latter decorates a histidine residue on elongation factor 2 (EF2) conserved from archaea to yeast and humans and is important for accurate mRNA translation and protein synthesis. Guided by evidence from archaeal orthologues, we searched for a putative SAM-binding pocket in Dph1•Dph2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We predict an SAM-binding pocket near the FeS cluster domain that is conserved across eukaryotes in Dph1 but not Dph2. Site-directed DPH1 mutagenesis and functional characterization through assay diagnostics for the loss of diphthamide reveal that the SAM pocket is essential for synthesis of the décor on EF2 in vivo. Further evidence from structural modeling suggests particularly critical residues close to the methionine moiety of SAM. Presumably, they facilitate a geometry specific for SAM cleavage and ACP radical formation that distinguishes Dph1•Dph2 from classical radical SAM enzymes, which generate canonical 5'-deoxyadenosyl (dAdo) radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ütkür
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany; (K.Ü.); (S.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Sarina Schmidt
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany; (K.Ü.); (S.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany; (K.M.); (U.B.)
| | - Roland Klassen
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany; (K.Ü.); (S.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany; (K.M.); (U.B.)
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany; (K.M.); (U.B.)
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Ütkür K, Mayer K, Khan M, Manivannan T, Schaffrath R, Brinkmann U. DPH1 and DPH2 variants that confer susceptibility to diphthamide deficiency syndrome in human cells and yeast models. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050207. [PMID: 37675463 PMCID: PMC10538292 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The autosomal-recessive diphthamide deficiency syndrome presents as intellectual disability with developmental abnormalities, seizures, craniofacial and additional morphological phenotypes. It is caused by reduced activity of proteins that synthesize diphthamide on human translation elongation factor 2. Diphthamide synthesis requires seven proteins (DPH1-DPH7), with clinical deficiency described for DPH1, DPH2 and DPH5. A limited set of variant alleles from syndromic patients has been functionally analyzed, but databases (gnomAD) list additional so far uncharacterized variants in human DPH1 and DPH2. Because DPH enzymes are conserved among eukaryotes, their functionality can be assessed in yeast and mammalian cells. Our experimental assessment of known and uncharacterized DPH1 and DPH2 missense alleles showed that six variants are tolerated despite inter-species conservation. Ten additional human DPH1 (G113R, A114T, H132P, H132R, S136R, C137F, L138P, Y152C, S221P, H240R) and two DPH2 (H105P, C341Y) variants showed reduced functionality and hence are deficiency-susceptibility alleles. Some variants locate close to the active enzyme center and may affect catalysis, while others may impact on enzyme activation. In sum, our study has identified functionally compromised alleles of DPH1 and DPH2 genes that likely cause diphthamide deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ütkür
- Institut für Biologie,Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Maliha Khan
- Institut für Biologie,Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Thirishika Manivannan
- Institut für Biologie,Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Institut für Biologie,Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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5
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Puscas M, Martineau G, Bhella G, Bonnen PE, Carr P, Lim R, Mitchell J, Osmond M, Urquieta E, Flamenbaum J, Iaria G, Joly Y, Richer É, Saary J, Saint-Jacques D, Buckley N, Low-Decarie E. Rare diseases and space health: optimizing synergies from scientific questions to care. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:58. [PMID: 36550172 PMCID: PMC9780351 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge transfer among research disciplines can lead to substantial research progress. At first glance, astronaut health and rare diseases may be seen as having little common ground for such an exchange. However, deleterious health conditions linked to human space exploration may well be considered as a narrow sub-category of rare diseases. Here, we compare and contrast research and healthcare in the contexts of rare diseases and space health and identify common barriers and avenues of improvement. The prevalent genetic basis of most rare disorders contrasts sharply with the occupational considerations required to sustain human health in space. Nevertheless small sample sizes and large knowledge gaps in natural history are examples of the parallel challenges for research and clinical care in the context of both rare diseases and space health. The two areas also face the simultaneous challenges of evidence scarcity and the pressure to deliver therapeutic solutions, mandating expeditious translation of research knowledge into clinical care. Sharing best practices between these fields, including increasing participant involvement in all stages of research and ethical sharing of standardized data, has the potential to contribute to humankind's efforts to explore ever further into space while caring for people on Earth in a more inclusive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Puscas
- Astronauts, Life Sciences and Space Medicine Canadian Space Agency, Government of Canada, Longueil, Canada
- The School of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Martineau
- Astronauts, Life Sciences and Space Medicine Canadian Space Agency, Government of Canada, Longueil, Canada
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Gurjot Bhella
- Astronauts, Life Sciences and Space Medicine Canadian Space Agency, Government of Canada, Longueil, Canada
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Penelope E Bonnen
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Phil Carr
- The Strategic Review Group Inc., Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robyn Lim
- Legislative and Regulatory Modernization, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Mitchell
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Biochemical Genetics, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University, Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Matthew Osmond
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Urquieta
- Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH) and Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaime Flamenbaum
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Ethics Office, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Iaria
- Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Yann Joly
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Étienne Richer
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Institute of Genetics, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joan Saary
- Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Saint-Jacques
- Astronauts, Life Sciences and Space Medicine Canadian Space Agency, Government of Canada, Longueil, Canada
- Astronauts, Life Sciences and Space Medicine Canadian Space Agency, Government of Canada, Longueil, Canada
| | - Nicole Buckley
- Astronauts, Life Sciences and Space Medicine Canadian Space Agency, Government of Canada, Longueil, Canada.
- Directorate of Human Spaceflight and Robotic Exploration, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Holland.
| | - Etienne Low-Decarie
- Astronauts, Life Sciences and Space Medicine Canadian Space Agency, Government of Canada, Longueil, Canada.
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Government of Canada, Montreal, Canada.
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6
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Olson AN, Song S, Dinman JD. Deep mutational analysis of elongation factor eEF2 residues implicated in human disease to identify functionally important contacts with the ribosome. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102771. [PMID: 36470424 PMCID: PMC9830224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging body of research is revealing mutations in elongation factor eEF2 that are implicated in both inherited and de novo neurodevelopmental disorders. Previous structural analysis has revealed that most pathogenic amino acid substitutions map to the three main points of contact between eEF2 and critical large subunit rRNA elements of the ribosome, specifically to contacts with Helix 69, Helix 95, also known as the sarcin-ricin loop, and Helix 43 of the GTPase-associated center. In order to further investigate these eEF2-ribosome interactions, we identified a series of yeast eEF2 amino acid residues based on their proximity to these functionally important rRNA elements. Based on this analysis, we constructed mutant strains to sample the full range of amino acid sidechain biochemical properties, including acidic, basic, nonpolar, and deletion (alanine) residues. These were characterized with regard to their effects on cell growth, sensitivity to ribosome-targeting antibiotics, and translational fidelity. We also biophysically characterized one mutant from each of the three main points of contact with the ribosome using CD. Collectively, our findings from these studies identified functionally critical contacts between eEF2 and the ribosome. The library of eEF2 mutants generated in this study may serve as an important resource for biophysical studies of eEF2/ribosome interactions going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Olson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Serena Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Dinman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
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Zhang H, Quintana J, Ütkür K, Adrian L, Hawer H, Mayer K, Gong X, Castanedo L, Schulten A, Janina N, Peters M, Wirtz M, Brinkmann U, Schaffrath R, Krämer U. Translational fidelity and growth of Arabidopsis require stress-sensitive diphthamide biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4009. [PMID: 35817801 PMCID: PMC9273596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphthamide, a post-translationally modified histidine residue of eukaryotic TRANSLATION ELONGATION FACTOR2 (eEF2), is the human host cell-sensitizing target of diphtheria toxin. Diphthamide biosynthesis depends on the 4Fe-4S-cluster protein Dph1 catalyzing the first committed step, as well as Dph2 to Dph7, in yeast and mammals. Here we show that diphthamide modification of eEF2 is conserved in Arabidopsis thaliana and requires AtDPH1. Ribosomal -1 frameshifting-error rates are increased in Arabidopsis dph1 mutants, similar to yeast and mice. Compared to the wild type, shorter roots and smaller rosettes of dph1 mutants result from fewer formed cells. TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase activity is attenuated, and autophagy is activated, in dph1 mutants. Under abiotic stress diphthamide-unmodified eEF2 accumulates in wild-type seedlings, most strongly upon heavy metal excess, which is conserved in human cells. In summary, our results suggest that diphthamide contributes to the functionality of the translational machinery monitored by plants to regulate growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Box 44 ND3/30, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Quintana
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Box 44 ND3/30, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Koray Ütkür
- Microbiology, Institute for Biology, University of Kassel, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harmen Hawer
- Microbiology, Institute for Biology, University of Kassel, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Xiaodi Gong
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Castanedo
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Box 44 ND3/30, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna Schulten
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Box 44 ND3/30, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadežda Janina
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Box 44 ND3/30, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Microbiology, Institute for Biology, University of Kassel, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Box 44 ND3/30, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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8
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Malone TJ, Kaczmarek LK. The role of altered translation in intellectual disability and epilepsy. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 213:102267. [PMID: 35364140 PMCID: PMC10583652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A very high proportion of cases of intellectual disability are genetic in origin and are associated with the occurrence of epileptic seizures during childhood. These two disorders together effect more than 5% of the world's population. One feature linking the two diseases is that learning and memory require the synthesis of new synaptic components and ion channels, while maintenance of overall excitability also requires synthesis of similar proteins in response to altered neuronal stimulation. Many of these disorders result from mutations in proteins that regulate mRNA processing, translation initiation, translation elongation, mRNA stability or upstream translation modulators. One theme that emerges on reviewing this field is that mutations in proteins that regulate changes in translation following neuronal stimulation are more likely to result in epilepsy with intellectual disability than general translation regulators with no known role in activity-dependent changes. This is consistent with the notion that activity-dependent translation in neurons differs from that in other cells types in that the changes in local cellular composition, morphology and connectivity that occur generally in response to stimuli are directly coupled to local synaptic activity and persist for months or years after the original stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Malone
- Departments of Pharmacology, and of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street B-309, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Departments of Pharmacology, and of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street B-309, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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9
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Boycott KM, Azzariti DR, Hamosh A, Rehm HL. Seven years since the launch of the Matchmaker Exchange: The evolution of genomic matchmaking. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:659-667. [PMID: 35537081 PMCID: PMC9133175 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Matchmaker Exchange (MME) was launched in 2015 to provide a robust mechanism to discover novel disease-gene relationships. It operates as a federated network connecting databases holding relevant data using a common application programming interface, where two or more users are looking for a match for the same gene (two-sided matchmaking). Seven years from its launch, it is clear that the MME is making outstanding contributions to understanding the morbid anatomy of the genome. The number of unique genes present across the MME has steadily increased over time; there are currently >13,520 unique genes (~68% of all protein-coding genes) connected across the MME's eight genomic matchmaking nodes, GeneMatcher, DECIPHER, PhenomeCentral, MyGene2, seqr, Initiative on Rare and Undiagnosed Disease, PatientMatcher, and the RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform. The collective data set accessible across the MME currently includes more than 120,000 cases from over 12,000 contributors in 98 countries. The discovery of potential new disease-gene relationships is happening daily and international collaborative teams are moving these advances forward to publication, now numbering well over 500. Expansion of data sharing into routine clinical practice by clinicians, genetic counselors, and clinical laboratories has ensured access to discovery for even more individuals with undiagnosed rare genetic diseases. Tens of thousands of patients and their family members have been directly or indirectly impacted by the discoveries facilitated by two-sided genomic matchmaking. MME supports further connections to the literature (PubCaseFinder) and to human and model organism resources (Monarch Initiative) and scientists (ModelMatcher). Efforts are now underway to explore additional approaches to matchmaking at the gene or variant level where there is only one querier (one-sided matchmaking). Genomic matchmaking has proven its utility over the past 7 years and will continue to facilitate discoveries in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym M. Boycott
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle R. Azzariti
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heidi L. Rehm
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Shankar SP, Grimsrud K, Lanoue L, Egense A, Willis B, Hörberg J, AlAbdi L, Mayer K, Ütkür K, Monaghan KG, Krier J, Stoler J, Alnemer M, Shankar PR, Schaffrath R, Alkuraya FS, Brinkmann U, Eriksson LA, Lloyd K, Rauen KA. A novel DPH5-related diphthamide-deficiency syndrome causing embryonic lethality or profound neurodevelopmental disorder. Genet Med 2022; 24:1567-1582. [PMID: 35482014 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diphthamide is a post-translationally modified histidine essential for messenger RNA translation and ribosomal protein synthesis. We present evidence for DPH5 as a novel cause of embryonic lethality and profound neurodevelopmental delays (NDDs). METHODS Molecular testing was performed using exome or genome sequencing. A targeted Dph5 knockin mouse (C57BL/6Ncrl-Dph5em1Mbp/Mmucd) was created for a DPH5 p.His260Arg homozygous variant identified in 1 family. Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation assays in DPH5-knockout human and yeast cells and in silico modeling were performed for the identified DPH5 potential pathogenic variants. RESULTS DPH5 variants p.His260Arg (homozygous), p.Asn110Ser and p.Arg207Ter (heterozygous), and p.Asn174LysfsTer10 (homozygous) were identified in 3 unrelated families with distinct overlapping craniofacial features, profound NDDs, multisystem abnormalities, and miscarriages. Dph5 p.His260Arg homozygous knockin was embryonically lethal with only 1 subviable mouse exhibiting impaired growth, craniofacial dysmorphology, and multisystem dysfunction recapitulating the human phenotype. Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation assays showed absent to decreased function in DPH5-knockout human and yeast cells. In silico modeling of the variants showed altered DPH5 structure and disruption of its interaction with eEF2. CONCLUSION We provide strong clinical, biochemical, and functional evidence for DPH5 as a novel cause of embryonic lethality or profound NDDs with multisystem involvement and expand diphthamide-deficiency syndromes and ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma P Shankar
- Division of Genomic Medicine, UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA.
| | - Kristin Grimsrud
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Louise Lanoue
- UC Davis Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Alena Egense
- Division of Genomic Medicine, UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Brandon Willis
- UC Davis Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Johanna Hörberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lama AlAbdi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich (RICM), Penzberg, Germany
| | - Koray Ütkür
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Joel Krier
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network
| | - Joan Stoler
- Undiagnosed Diseases Network; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Maha Alnemer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu R Shankar
- Division of Health Informatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich (RICM), Penzberg, Germany
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kent Lloyd
- UC Davis Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Division of Genomic Medicine, UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
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- Undiagnosed Diseases Network
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11
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Cheng SSW, Luk HM, Lo IFM. An adult Chinese patient with developmental delay with short stature, dysmorphic features, and sparse hair (Loucks-Innes syndrome). Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1925-1931. [PMID: 33704902 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the diphthamide biosynthesis I (DPH1, OMIM*603527) are associated with developmental delay, short stature, and sparse hair syndrome (DEDSSH/DPH1 syndrome) (OMIM# 616901). Another name is Loucks-Innes syndrome. DPH1 syndrome is an ultrarare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Less than 20 patients were reported from different ethnicities. Here, we described the first Chinese adult with genetically confirmed DPH1 syndrome. We summarized previously reported patients in the literature and found that developmental delay, unusual skull shape, sparse hair, and facial dysmorphism were consistently present in all DPH1 syndrome patients. Dysplastic toenails and dental abnormalities are age-dependent characteristics of DPH1 syndrome. Our patient was the first reported patient with documented growth hormone deficiency. Dental and endocrine checkup should be considered in the routine follow-up of DPH1 syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley S W Cheng
- Department of Health, HKSAR, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Department of Health, HKSAR, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan F M Lo
- Department of Health, HKSAR, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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12
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Yoon JG, Hahn HM, Choi S, Kim SJ, Aum S, Yu JW, Park EK, Shim KW, Lee MG, Kim YO. Molecular Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. Neurosurgery 2020; 87:294-302. [PMID: 31754721 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis (CRS). However, the molecular diagnosis of CRS in clinical practice is limited because of its heterogeneous etiology. OBJECTIVE To investigate the genomic landscape of CRS in a Korean cohort and also to establish a practical diagnostic workflow by applying targeted panel sequencing. METHODS We designed a customized panel covering 34 CRS-related genes using in-solution hybrid capture method. We enrolled 110 unrelated Korean patients with CRS, including 40 syndromic and 70 nonsyndromic cases. A diagnostic pipeline was established by combining in-depth clinical reviews and multiple bioinformatics tools for analyzing single-nucleotide variants (SNV)s and copy number variants (CNV)s. RESULTS The diagnostic yield of the targeted panel was 30.0% (33/110). Twenty-five patients (22.7%) had causal genetic variations resulting from SNVs or indels in 9 target genes (TWIST1, FGFR3, TCF12, ERF, FGFR2, ALPL, EFNB1, FBN1, and SKI, in order of frequency). CNV analysis identified 8 (7.3%) additional patients with chromosomal abnormalities involving 1p32.3p31.3, 7p21.1, 10q26, 15q21.3, 16p11.2, and 17p13.3 regions; these cases mostly presented with syndromic clinical features. CONCLUSION The present study shows the wide genomic landscape of CRS, revealing various genetic factors for CRS pathogenesis. In addition, the results demonstrate that an efficient diagnostic workup using target panel sequencing provides great clinical utility in the molecular diagnosis of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon G Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Min Hahn
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sowon Aum
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Won Shim
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Oock Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Nabais Sá MJ, Olson AN, Yoon G, Nimmo GAM, Gomez CM, Willemsen MA, Millan F, Schneider A, Pfundt R, de Brouwer APM, Dinman JD, de Vries BBA. De Novo variants in EEF2 cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with benign external hydrocephalus. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3892-3899. [PMID: 33355653 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) is a key regulatory factor in gene expression that catalyzes the elongation stage of translation. A functionally impaired eEF2, due to a heterozygous missense variant in the EEF2 gene, was previously reported in one family with spinocerebellar ataxia-26 (SCA26), an autosomal dominant adult-onset pure cerebellar ataxia. Clinical exome sequencing identified de novo EEF2 variants in three unrelated children presenting with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). Individuals shared a mild phenotype comprising motor delay and relative macrocephaly associated with ventriculomegaly. Populational data and bioinformatic analysis underscored the pathogenicity of all de novo missense variants. The eEF2 yeast model strains demonstrated that patient-derived variants affect cellular growth, sensitivity to translation inhibitors and translational fidelity. Consequently, we propose that pathogenic variants in the EEF2 gene, so far exclusively associated with late-onset SCA26, can cause a broader spectrum of neurologic disorders, including childhood-onset NDDs and benign external hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Nabais Sá
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar/Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra N Olson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Grace Yoon
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Graeme A M Nimmo
- Fred A Litwin Family Centre for Genetic Medicine, University Health Network/Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada
| | | | - Michèl A Willemsen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Amalia Children's Hospital, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexandra Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D Dinman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bert B A de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
Dyslipidemias include both rare single gene disorders and common conditions that have a complex underlying basis. In London, ON, there is fortuitous close physical proximity between the Lipid Genetics Clinic and the London Regional Genomics Centre. For >30 years, we have applied DNA sequencing of clinical samples to help answer scientific questions. More than 2000 patients referred with dyslipidemias have participated in an ongoing translational research program. In 2013, we transitioned to next-generation sequencing; our targeted panel is designed to concurrently assess both monogenic and polygenic contributions to dyslipidemias. Patient DNA is screened for rare variants underlying 25 mendelian dyslipidemias, including familial hypercholesterolemia, hepatic lipase deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, and familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Furthermore, polygenic scores for LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and triglycerides are calculated for each patient. We thus simultaneously document both rare and common genetic variants, allowing for a broad view of genetic predisposition for both individual patients and cohorts. For instance, among patients referred with severe hypertriglyceridemia, defined as ≥10 mmol/L (≥885 mg/dL), <1% have a mendelian disorder (ie, autosomal recessive familial chylomicronemia syndrome), ≈15% have heterozygous rare variants (a >3-fold increase over normolipidemic individuals), and ≈35% have an extreme polygenic score (a >3-fold increase over normolipidemic individuals). Other dyslipidemias show a different mix of genetic determinants. Genetic results are discussed with patients and can support clinical decision-making. Integrating DNA testing into clinical care allows for a bidirectional flow of information, which facilitates scientific discoveries and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Hegele
- From the Department of Medicine (R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry (R.A.H., J.S.D.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute (R.A.H., J.S.D.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline S. Dron
- Department of Biochemistry (R.A.H., J.S.D.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute (R.A.H., J.S.D.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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15
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Lu HF, Hung KS, Chu HW, Wong HSC, Kim J, Kim MK, Choi BY, Tai YT, Ikegawa S, Cho EC, Chang WC. Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Three Loci Associated With Stiffness Index of the Calcaneus. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1275-1283. [PMID: 30779856 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness index (SI) from quantitative ultrasound measurements is a good indicator of BMD and may be used to predict the risk of osteoporotic fracture. We conducted a genomewide association study (GWAS) for SI using 7742 individuals from the Taiwan Biobank, followed by a replication study in a Korean population (n = 2955). Approximately 6.1 million SNPs were subjected to association analysis, and SI-associated variants were identified. We further conducted a meta-analysis of Taiwan Biobank significant SNPs with a Korean population-based cohort. Candidate genes were prioritized according to epigenetic annotations, gene ontology, protein-protein interaction, GWAS catalog, and expression quantitative trait loci analyses. Our results revealed seven significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within three loci: 7q31.31, 17p13.3, and 11q14.2. Conditional analysis showed that three SNPs, rs2536195 (CPED1/WNT16), rs1231207 (SMG6), and rs4944661 (LOC10050636/TMEM135), were the most important signals within these regions. The associations for the three SNPs were confirmed in a UK Biobank estimated BMD GWAS; these three cytobands were replicated successfully after a meta-analysis with a Korean population cohort as well. However, two SNPs were not replicated. After prioritization, we identified two novel genes, RAB15 and FNTB, as strong candidates for association with SI. Our study identified three SI-associated SNPs and two novel SI-related genes. Overall, these results provide further insight into the genetic architecture of osteoporosis. Further studies in larger East Asian populations are needed. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Fang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuo-Sheng Hung
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury, Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Henry Sung-Ching Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ting Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Er-Chieh Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University-Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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16
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Urreizti R, Mayer K, Evrony GD, Said E, Castilla-Vallmanya L, Cody NAL, Plasencia G, Gelb BD, Grinberg D, Brinkmann U, Webb BD, Balcells S. DPH1 syndrome: two novel variants and structural and functional analyses of seven missense variants identified in syndromic patients. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 28:64-75. [PMID: 30877278 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DPH1 variants have been associated with an ultra-rare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder, mainly characterized by variable developmental delay, short stature, dysmorphic features, and sparse hair. We have identified four new patients (from two different families) carrying novel variants in DPH1, enriching the clinical delineation of the DPH1 syndrome. Using a diphtheria toxin ADP-ribosylation assay, we have analyzed the activity of seven identified variants and demonstrated compromised function for five of them [p.(Leu234Pro); p.(Ala411Argfs*91); p.(Leu164Pro); p.(Leu125Pro); and p.(Tyr112Cys)]. We have built a homology model of the human DPH1-DPH2 heterodimer and have performed molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of these variants on the catalytic sites as well as on the interactions between subunits of the heterodimer. The results show correlation between loss of activity, reduced size of the opening to the catalytic site, and changes in the size of the catalytic site with clinical severity. This is the first report of functional tests of DPH1 variants associated with the DPH1 syndrome. We demonstrate that the in vitro assay for DPH1 protein activity, together with structural modeling, are useful tools for assessing the effect of the variants on DPH1 function and may be used for predicting patient outcomes and prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Urreizti
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development. Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Gilad D Evrony
- Center for Human Genetics & Genomics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edith Said
- Section of Medical Genetics, Mater dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Laura Castilla-Vallmanya
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neal A L Cody
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | | | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development. Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Mayer K, Mundigl O, Kettenberger H, Birzele F, Stahl S, Pastan I, Brinkmann U. Diphthamide affects selenoprotein expression: Diphthamide deficiency reduces selenocysteine incorporation, decreases selenite sensitivity and pre-disposes to oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2019; 20:146-156. [PMID: 30312900 PMCID: PMC6180344 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The diphthamide modification of translation elongation factor 2 is highly conserved in eukaryotes and archaebacteria. Nevertheless, cells lacking diphthamide can carry out protein synthesis and are viable. We have analyzed the phenotypes of diphthamide deficient cells and found that diphthamide deficiency reduces selenocysteine incorporation into selenoproteins. Additional phenotypes resulting from diphthamide deficiency include altered tRNA-synthetase and selenoprotein transcript levels, hypersensitivity to oxidative stress and increased selenite tolerance. Diphthamide-eEF2 occupies the aminoacyl-tRNA translocation site at which UGA either stalls translation or decodes selenocysteine. Its position is in close proximity and mutually exclusive to the ribosomal binding site of release/recycling factor ABCE1, which harbors a redox-sensitive Fe-S cluster and, like diphthamide, is present in eukaryotes and archaea but not in eubacteria. Involvement of diphthamide in UGA-SECIS decoding may explain deregulated selenoprotein expression and as a consequence oxidative stress, NFkB activation and selenite tolerance in diphthamide deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Mundigl
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Kettenberger
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Stahl
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany.
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18
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Riggs ER, Azzariti DR, Niehaus A, Goehringer SR, Ramos EM, Rodriguez LL, Knoppers B, Rehm HL, Martin CL. Development of a consent resource for genomic data sharing in the clinical setting. Genet Med 2019; 21:81-88. [PMID: 29899502 PMCID: PMC6292744 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Data sharing between clinicians, laboratories, and patients is essential for improvements in genomic medicine, but obtaining consent for individual-level data sharing is often hindered by a lack of time and resources. To address this issue, the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) developed tools to facilitate consent, including a one-page consent form and online supplemental video with information on key topics, such as risks and benefits of data sharing. METHODS To determine whether the consent form and video accurately conveyed key data sharing concepts, we surveyed 5,162 members of the general public. We measured comprehension at baseline, after reading the form and watching the video. Additionally, we assessed participants' attitudes toward genomic data sharing. RESULTS Participants' performance on comprehension questions significantly improved over baseline after reading the form and continued to improve after watching the video. CONCLUSION Results suggest reading the form alone provided participants with important knowledge regarding broad data sharing, and watching the video allowed for broader comprehension. These materials are now available at http://www.clinicalgenome.org/share . These resources will provide patients a straightforward way to share their genetic and health information, and improve the scientific community's access to data generated through routine healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Rooney Riggs
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA.
| | - Danielle R Azzariti
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Annie Niehaus
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Scott R Goehringer
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Erin M Ramos
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Laura Lyman Rodriguez
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bartha Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Roles of Elongator Dependent tRNA Modification Pathways in Neurodegeneration and Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 10:genes10010019. [PMID: 30597914 PMCID: PMC6356722 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor molecule in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of tRNA modification in response to environmental changes can tune the efficiency of gene expression in concert with the emerging epitranscriptomic mRNA regulators. Several of the tRNA modifications are required to prevent human diseases and are particularly important for proper development and generation of neurons. In addition to the positive role of different tRNA modifications in prevention of neurodegeneration, certain cancer types upregulate tRNA modification genes to sustain cancer cell gene expression and metastasis. Multiple associations of defects in genes encoding subunits of the tRNA modifier complex Elongator with human disease highlight the importance of proper anticodon wobble uridine modifications (xm⁵U34) for health. Elongator functionality requires communication with accessory proteins and dynamic phosphorylation, providing regulatory control of its function. Here, we summarized recent insights into molecular functions of the complex and the role of Elongator dependent tRNA modification in human disease.
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20
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Abstract
In 1993, Jabs et al. were the first to describe a genetic origin of craniosynostosis. Since this discovery, the genetic causes of the most common syndromes have been described. In 2015, a total of 57 human genes were reported for which there had been evidence that mutations were causally related to craniosynostosis. Facilitated by rapid technological developments, many others have been identified since then. Reviewing the literature, we characterize the most common craniosynostosis syndromes followed by a description of the novel causes that were identified between January 2015 and December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A C Goos
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M J Mathijssen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Smith TH, Toyo-Oka K. Neurodevelopmental Genetic Diseases Associated With Microdeletions and Microduplications of Chromosome 17p13.3. Front Genet 2018; 9:80. [PMID: 29628935 PMCID: PMC5876250 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 17p13.3 is a region of genomic instability that is linked to different rare neurodevelopmental genetic diseases, depending on whether a deletion or duplication of the region has occurred. Chromosome microdeletions within 17p13.3 can result in either isolated lissencephaly sequence (ILS) or Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS). Both conditions are associated with a smooth cerebral cortex, or lissencephaly, which leads to developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures. However, patients with MDS have larger deletions than patients with ILS, resulting in additional symptoms such as poor muscle tone, congenital anomalies, abnormal spasticity, and craniofacial dysmorphisms. In contrast to microdeletions in 17p13.3, recent studies have attracted considerable attention to a condition known as a 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome. Depending on the genes involved in their microduplication, patients with 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome may be categorized into either class I or class II. Individuals in class I have microduplications of the YWHAE gene encoding 14-3-3ε, as well as other genes in the region. However, the PAFAH1B1 gene encoding LIS1 is never duplicated in these patients. Class I microduplications generally result in learning disabilities, autism, and developmental delays, among other disorders. Individuals in class II always have microduplications of the PAFAH1B1 gene, which may include YWHAE and other genetic microduplications. Class II microduplications generally result in smaller body size, developmental delays, microcephaly, and other brain malformations. Here, we review the phenotypes associated with copy number variations (CNVs) of chromosome 17p13.3 and detail their developmental connection to particular microdeletions or microduplications. We also focus on existing single and double knockout mouse models that have been used to study human phenotypes, since the highly limited number of patients makes a study of these conditions difficult in humans. These models are also crucial for the study of brain development at a mechanistic level since this cannot be accomplished in humans. Finally, we emphasize the usefulness of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and next generation sequencing in the study of neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Trevor H Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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Breslow DK, Hoogendoorn S, Kopp AR, Morgens DW, Vu BK, Kennedy MC, Han K, Li A, Hess GT, Bassik MC, Chen JK, Nachury MV. A CRISPR-based screen for Hedgehog signaling provides insights into ciliary function and ciliopathies. Nat Genet 2018; 50:460-471. [PMID: 29459677 PMCID: PMC5862771 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia organize Hedgehog signaling and shape embryonic development, and their dysregulation is the unifying cause of ciliopathies. We conducted a functional genomic screen for Hedgehog signaling by engineering antibiotic-based selection of Hedgehog-responsive cells and applying genome-wide CRISPR-mediated gene disruption. The screen can robustly identify factors required for ciliary signaling with few false positives or false negatives. Characterization of hit genes uncovered novel components of several ciliary structures, including a protein complex that contains δ-tubulin and ε-tubulin and is required for centriole maintenance. The screen also provides an unbiased tool for classifying ciliopathies and showed that many congenital heart disorders are caused by loss of ciliary signaling. Collectively, our study enables a systematic analysis of ciliary function and of ciliopathies, and also defines a versatile platform for dissecting signaling pathways through CRISPR-based screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Breslow
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sascha Hoogendoorn
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam R Kopp
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David W Morgens
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brandon K Vu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Margaret C Kennedy
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kyuho Han
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gaelen T Hess
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Maxence V Nachury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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23
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A novel homozygous DPH1 mutation causes intellectual disability and unique craniofacial features. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:487-491. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Nakajima J, Oana S, Sakaguchi T, Nakashima M, Numabe H, Kawashima H, Matsumoto N, Miyake N. Novel compound heterozygous DPH1 mutations in a patient with the unique clinical features of airway obstruction and external genital abnormalities. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:529-532. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Kapur M, Ackerman SL. mRNA Translation Gone Awry: Translation Fidelity and Neurological Disease. Trends Genet 2018; 34:218-231. [PMID: 29352613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Errors during mRNA translation can lead to a reduction in the levels of functional proteins and an increase in deleterious molecules. Advances in next-generation sequencing have led to the discovery of rare genetic disorders, many caused by mutations in genes encoding the mRNA translation machinery, as well as to a better understanding of translational dynamics through ribosome profiling. We discuss here multiple neurological disorders that are linked to errors in tRNA aminoacylation and ribosome decoding. We draw on studies from genetic models, including yeast and mice, to enhance our understanding of the translational defects observed in these diseases. Finally, we emphasize the importance of tRNA, their associated enzymes, and the inextricable link between accuracy and efficiency in the maintenance of translational fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridu Kapur
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan L Ackerman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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26
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Harms FL, Nampoothiri S, Anazi S, Yesodharan D, Alawi M, Kutsche K, Alkuraya FS. Elsahy-Waters syndrome is caused by biallelic mutations in CDH11. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:477-482. [PMID: 29271567 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Elsahy-Waters syndrome (EWS), also known as branchial-skeletal-genital syndrome, is a distinct dysmorphology syndrome characterized by facial asymmetry, broad forehead, marked hypertelorism with proptosis, short and broad nose, midface hypoplasia, intellectual disability, and hypospadias. We have recently published a homozygous potential loss of function variant in CDH11 in a boy with a striking resemblance to EWS. More recently, another homozygous truncating variant in CDH11 was reported in two siblings with suspected EWS. Here, we describe in detail the clinical phenotype of the original CDH11-related patient with EWS as well as a previously unreported EWS-affected girl who was also found to have a novel homozygous truncating variant in CDH11, which confirms that EWS is caused by biallelic CDH11 loss of function mutations. Clinical features in the four CDH11 mutation-positive individuals confirm the established core phenotype of EWS. Additionally, we identify upper eyelid coloboma as a new, though infrequent clinical feature. The pathomechanism underlying EWS remains unclear, although the limited phenotypic data on the Cdh11-/- mouse suggest that this is a potentially helpful model to explore the craniofacial and brain development in EWS-affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shams Anazi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhanya Yesodharan
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Malik Alawi
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Bioinformatics Core, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Xiao B, Qiu W, Ji X, Liu X, Huang Z, Liu H, Fan Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Yie H, Wei W, Yan H, Gong Z, Shen L, Sun Y. Marked yield of re-evaluating phenotype and exome/target sequencing data in 33 individuals with intellectual disabilities. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:107-115. [PMID: 29159939 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of intellectual disability/developmental delay (ID/DD) benefits from the clinical application of target/exome sequencing. The yield in Mendelian diseases varies from 25% to 68%. The aim of the present study was to identify the genetic causes of 33 ID/DD patients using target/exome sequencing. Recent studies have demonstrated that reanalyzing undiagnosed exomes could yield additional diagnosis. Therefore, in addition to the normal data analysis, in this study, re-evaluation was performed prior to manuscript preparation after updating OMIM annotations, calling copy number variations (CNVs) and reviewing the current literature. Molecular diagnosis was obtained for 19/33 patients in the first round of analysis. Notably, five patients were diagnosed during the re-evaluation of the geno/phenotypic data. This study confirmed the utility of exome sequencing in the diagnosis of ID/DD. Furthermore, re-evaluation leads to a 15% improvement in diagnostic yield. Thus, to maximize the diagnostic yield of next-generation sequencing (NGS), periodical re-evaluation of the geno/phenotypic data of undiagnosed individuals is recommended by updating the OMIM annotation, applying new algorithms, reviewing the literature, sharing pheno/genotypic data, and re-contacting patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Qiu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Fan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yie
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuwen Gong
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiao Shen
- Department of Children's Healthcare, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Genetics Group, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
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28
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Dyke SOM, Knoppers BM, Hamosh A, Firth HV, Hurles M, Brudno M, Boycott KM, Philippakis AA, Rehm HL. "Matching" consent to purpose: The example of the Matchmaker Exchange. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1281-1285. [PMID: 28699299 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Matchmaker Exchange (MME) connects rare disease clinicians and researchers to facilitate the sharing of data from undiagnosed patients for the purpose of novel gene discovery. Such sharing raises the odds that two or more similar patients with candidate genes in common may be found, thereby allowing their condition to be more readily studied and understood. Consent considerations for data sharing in MME included both the ethical and legal differences between clinical and research settings and the level of privacy risk involved in sharing varying amounts of rare disease patient data to enable patient matches. In this commentary, we discuss these consent considerations and the resulting MME Consent Policy as they may be relevant to other international data sharing initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie O M Dyke
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bartha M Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Helen V Firth
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Brudno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Computational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Heidi L Rehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Boycott KM, Rath A, Chong JX, Hartley T, Alkuraya FS, Baynam G, Brookes AJ, Brudno M, Carracedo A, den Dunnen JT, Dyke SOM, Estivill X, Goldblatt J, Gonthier C, Groft SC, Gut I, Hamosh A, Hieter P, Höhn S, Hurles ME, Kaufmann P, Knoppers BM, Krischer JP, Macek M, Matthijs G, Olry A, Parker S, Paschall J, Philippakis AA, Rehm HL, Robinson PN, Sham PC, Stefanov R, Taruscio D, Unni D, Vanstone MR, Zhang F, Brunner H, Bamshad MJ, Lochmüller H. International Cooperation to Enable the Diagnosis of All Rare Genetic Diseases. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:695-705. [PMID: 28475856 PMCID: PMC5420351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Provision of a molecularly confirmed diagnosis in a timely manner for children and adults with rare genetic diseases shortens their "diagnostic odyssey," improves disease management, and fosters genetic counseling with respect to recurrence risks while assuring reproductive choices. In a general clinical genetics setting, the current diagnostic rate is approximately 50%, but for those who do not receive a molecular diagnosis after the initial genetics evaluation, that rate is much lower. Diagnostic success for these more challenging affected individuals depends to a large extent on progress in the discovery of genes associated with, and mechanisms underlying, rare diseases. Thus, continued research is required for moving toward a more complete catalog of disease-related genes and variants. The International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) was established in 2011 to bring together researchers and organizations invested in rare disease research to develop a means of achieving molecular diagnosis for all rare diseases. Here, we review the current and future bottlenecks to gene discovery and suggest strategies for enabling progress in this regard. Each successful discovery will define potential diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic opportunities for the corresponding rare disease, enabling precision medicine for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Ana Rath
- Orphanet, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US14, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jessica X Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Anthony J Brookes
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Michael Brudno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine and University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Departments of Human Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie O M Dyke
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Experimental Division, Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; Genetics Unit, Dexeus Woman's Health, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jack Goldblatt
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Catherine Gonthier
- Orphanet, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US14, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Stephen C Groft
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4874, USA
| | - Ivo Gut
- Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21286, USA
| | - Philip Hieter
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sophie Höhn
- Orphanet, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US14, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Petra Kaufmann
- Office of Rare Diseases Research, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4874, USA
| | - Bartha M Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- University of South Florida Health Informatics Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Gert Matthijs
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annie Olry
- Orphanet, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US14, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Justin Paschall
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Heidi L Rehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Peter N Robinson
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmdizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Pak-Chung Sham
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rumen Stefanov
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Domenica Taruscio
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 299-00161, Italy
| | - Divya Unni
- Orphanet, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US14, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Megan R Vanstone
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Feng Zhang
- WuXi AppTec, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China; WuXi NextCODE, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Han Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, 6229 GT Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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30
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Exome sequencing of Pakistani consanguineous families identifies 30 novel candidate genes for recessive intellectual disability. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1604-1614. [PMID: 27457812 PMCID: PMC5658665 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder, affecting 1-3% of the general population. Although research into the genetic causes of ID has recently gained momentum, identification of pathogenic mutations that cause autosomal recessive ID (ARID) has lagged behind, predominantly due to non-availability of sizeable families. Here we present the results of exome sequencing in 121 large consanguineous Pakistani ID families. In 60 families, we identified homozygous or compound heterozygous DNA variants in a single gene, 30 affecting reported ID genes and 30 affecting novel candidate ID genes. Potential pathogenicity of these alleles was supported by co-segregation with the phenotype, low frequency in control populations and the application of stringent bioinformatics analyses. In another eight families segregation of multiple pathogenic variants was observed, affecting 19 genes that were either known or are novel candidates for ID. Transcriptome profiles of normal human brain tissues showed that the novel candidate ID genes formed a network significantly enriched for transcriptional co-expression (P<0.0001) in the frontal cortex during fetal development and in the temporal-parietal and sub-cortex during infancy through adulthood. In addition, proteins encoded by 12 novel ID genes directly interact with previously reported ID proteins in six known pathways essential for cognitive function (P<0.0001). These results suggest that disruptions of temporal parietal and sub-cortical neurogenesis during infancy are critical to the pathophysiology of ID. These findings further expand the existing repertoire of genes involved in ARID, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms and the transcriptome map of ID.
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Triggs-Raine B, Dyck T, Boycott KM, Innes AM, Ober C, Parboosingh JS, Botkin A, Greenberg CR, Spriggs EL. Development of a diagnostic DNA chip to screen for 30 autosomal recessive disorders in the Hutterite population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2016; 4:312-21. [PMID: 27247959 PMCID: PMC4867565 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Hutterites are a religious isolate living in colonies across the North American prairies. This population originated from approximately 90 founders, resulting in a number of genetic diseases that are overrepresented, underrepresented, or unique. The founder effect in this population increases the likelihood that Hutterite couples carry the same recessive mutations. We have designed a diagnostic chip on a fee‐for‐service basis with Asper Biotech to provide Hutterites with the option of comprehensive carrier screening. Methods A total of 32 disease‐causing mutations in 30 genes were selected and primers were designed for array primer extension‐based testing. Selected mutations were limited to those leading to autosomal recessive disorders, maintaining its primary use as a test for determining carrier status. Results The DNA chip was developed and validated using 59 DNA controls for all but one of the mutations, for which a synthetic control was used. All mutations were readily detected except for a duplication causing restrictive dermopathy where heterozygotes and homozygotes could only be distinguished by sequencing. Blinded testing of 12 additional samples from healthy Hutterites was performed by Asper Biotech using chip testing. All known mutations from previous molecular testing were detected on the chip. As well, additional mutations identified by the chip in these 12 samples were subsequently verified by a second method. Conclusions Our analysis indicates that the chip is a sensitive and specific means of carrier testing in the Hutterite population and can serve as a model for other founder populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Departments of Biochemistry & Medical GeneticsUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada; Pediatrics & Child HealthUniversity of Manitoba745 Bannatyne Ave.WinnipegMB R3E 0J9Canada; The Manitoba Institute of Child Health513-715 McDermot Ave.WinnipegMB R3E 3P4Canada
| | - Tamara Dyck
- Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics Diagnostic Services Manitoba at Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg MB R3A 1R9 Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute University of Ottawa Ottawa ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics Alberta Children's Hospital and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Carole Ober
- Departments of Human Genetics and Obstetrics and Gynecology The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois
| | - Jillian S Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics Alberta Children's Hospital and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Alexis Botkin
- Pediatrics & Child Health University of Manitoba 745 Bannatyne Ave. Winnipeg MB R3E 0J9 Canada
| | - Cheryl R Greenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry & Medical GeneticsUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada; Pediatrics & Child HealthUniversity of Manitoba745 Bannatyne Ave.WinnipegMB R3E 0J9Canada; The Manitoba Institute of Child Health513-715 McDermot Ave.WinnipegMB R3E 3P4Canada
| | - Elizabeth L Spriggs
- Departments of Biochemistry & Medical GeneticsUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada; Pediatrics & Child HealthUniversity of Manitoba745 Bannatyne Ave.WinnipegMB R3E 0J9Canada; Clinical Biochemistry and GeneticsDiagnostic Services Manitoba at Health Sciences CentreWinnipegMB R3A 1R9Canada
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Philippakis AA, Azzariti DR, Beltran S, Brookes AJ, Brownstein CA, Brudno M, Brunner HG, Buske OJ, Carey K, Doll C, Dumitriu S, Dyke SO, den Dunnen JT, Firth HV, Gibbs RA, Girdea M, Gonzalez M, Haendel MA, Hamosh A, Holm IA, Huang L, Hurles ME, Hutton B, Krier JB, Misyura A, Mungall CJ, Paschall J, Paten B, Robinson PN, Schiettecatte F, Sobreira NL, Swaminathan GJ, Taschner PE, Terry SF, Washington NL, Züchner S, Boycott KM, Rehm HL. The Matchmaker Exchange: a platform for rare disease gene discovery. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:915-21. [PMID: 26295439 PMCID: PMC4610002 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are few better examples of the need for data sharing than in the rare disease community, where patients, physicians, and researchers must search for "the needle in a haystack" to uncover rare, novel causes of disease within the genome. Impeding the pace of discovery has been the existence of many small siloed datasets within individual research or clinical laboratory databases and/or disease-specific organizations, hoping for serendipitous occasions when two distant investigators happen to learn they have a rare phenotype in common and can "match" these cases to build evidence for causality. However, serendipity has never proven to be a reliable or scalable approach in science. As such, the Matchmaker Exchange (MME) was launched to provide a robust and systematic approach to rare disease gene discovery through the creation of a federated network connecting databases of genotypes and rare phenotypes using a common application programming interface (API). The core building blocks of the MME have been defined and assembled. Three MME services have now been connected through the API and are available for community use. Additional databases that support internal matching are anticipated to join the MME network as it continues to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Philippakis
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle R. Azzariti
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Personalized
Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sergi Beltran
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Barcelona,
Spain
| | | | - Catherine A. Brownstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and the Manton Center for
Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Brudno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Radboud University Medical Center,Department of Human
Genetics, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Clinical
Genetics,PO Box 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Orion J. Buske
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Sergiu Dumitriu
- Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephanie O.M. Dyke
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill
University, Canada
| | - Johan T. den Dunnen
- Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, Nederland
| | - Helen V. Firth
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ,
UK
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Tx 77030, U.S.A
| | - Marta Girdea
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
- Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Melissa A. Haendel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology,
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ingrid A. Holm
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and the Manton Center for
Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lijia Huang
- The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute,
Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus,
Hinxton CB10 1SA, U.K
| | - Ben Hutton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus,
Hinxton CB10 1SA, U.K
| | - Joel B. Krier
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Suite 301, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andriy Misyura
- Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Justin Paschall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European
Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD,
UK
| | - Benedict Paten
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, 1156 High Street, Santa
Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Peter N. Robinson
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics, Department of Mathematics and
Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, 13353
Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nara L. Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ganesh J. Swaminathan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus,
Hinxton CB10 1SA, U.K
| | - Peter E. Taschner
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology,
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Suite 301, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics
and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of
Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kym M. Boycott
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern
Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heidi L. Rehm
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Personalized
Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston,
MA, USA
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