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Yang L, Shannon P, Silver R, Roifman M, Yates C, Chitayat D. Prenatal diagnosis of ROR-2 related Robinow syndrome presenting with fetal ultrasound findings of mesomelia, vertebral, digital and genital abnormalities. Prenat Diagn 2024; 44:653-656. [PMID: 38504427 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive ROR2-Robinow syndrome is caused by pathogenic variants in the ROR2 gene. Fetal ultrasound done on our patient at 24 + 3/7 weeks gestation showed macrocephaly, brachycephaly, flat face, prominent forehead, mild frontal bossing, lower thoracic hemivertebrae, digital abnormalities and micropenis. Fetal trio whole exome sequencing done on amniocytes showed two pathogenic compound heterozygous variants in the ROR2 gene, c.1324 C > T; p.(Arg442*) maternally inherited and c.1366dup; p.(Leu456Profs*3) apparently de novo. c.1324 C > T; p.(Arg442*) is a nonsense variant resulting in protein truncation reported to be associated with RRS3. c.1366dup; p.(Leu456Profs*3) is a frameshift variant predicted to result in protein truncation reported to segregate with the disease in multiple affected individuals from a single large family with distal symphalangism of the fourth finger. Fetal autopsy following pregnancy termination showed a large head with low-set ears, facial abnormalities, mesomelic bone shortening, hemivertebra, fused S3 and S4 vertebral bodies, several fused rib heads and short penis with buried shaft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yang
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Shannon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Silver
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maian Roifman
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David Chitayat
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for SickKids, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Maleki F, Razmi H, Rashidi MR, Yousefi M, Ramazani S, Ghorbani M, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Shahpasand K. Detection of receptor tyrosine kinase-orphan receptor-2 using an electrochemical immunosensor modified with electrospun nanofibers comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone, soy, and gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:418. [PMID: 37770707 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical immunosensing platform was developed for the detection of receptor tyrosine kinase-orphan receptor-2 (ROR2) at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with the electrospun nanofiber containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), soy, and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The PVP/soy/AuNP nanofiber exhibited good electrochemical behavior due to synergistic effects between PVP, soy, and AuNPs. The PVP/soy in the modified film provided good mechanical strength, high porosity, flexible structures, and high specific surface area. On the other hand, the presence of AuNPs effectively improved conductivity, as well as the immobilization of anti-ROR2 on the modified GCE, leading to enhanced sensitivity. Various characterization approaches such as FE-SEM, FTIR, and EDS were used for investigating the morphological and structural features, and the elemental composition. The designed immunosensor performance was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimum conditions with a working potential range from -0.2 to 0.6 V (vs. SCE), sensitivity, linear range (LR), limit of detection (LOD), and correlation coefficient (R2) were acquired at 122.26 μA/cm2 dec, 0.01-1000 pg/mL, 3.39 fg/mL, and 0.9974, respectively. Furthermore, the determination of ROR2 in human plasma samples using the designed immunosensing platform was examined and exhibited satisfactory results including good selectivity against other proteins, reproducibility, and cyclic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 53714-161, Iran
| | - Habib Razmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 53714-161, Iran.
| | | | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soghra Ramazani
- Faculty of Textile Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, 5716693188, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghorbani
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, 17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kourosh Shahpasand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology (RI-SCBT), Tehran, Iran
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3
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Jolly A, Du H, Borel C, Chen N, Zhao S, Grochowski CM, Duan R, Fatih JM, Dawood M, Salvi S, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Koch A, Rouskas K, Glentis S, Deligeoroglou E, Bacopoulou F, Wise CA, Dietrich JE, Van den Veyver IB, Dimas AS, Brucker S, Sutton VR, Gibbs RA, Antonarakis SE, Wu N, Coban-Akdemir ZH, Zhu L, Posey JE, Lupski JR. Rare variant enrichment analysis supports GREB1L as a contributory driver gene in the etiology of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100188. [PMID: 37124138 PMCID: PMC10130500 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is characterized by aplasia of the female reproductive tract; the syndrome can include renal anomalies, absence or dysgenesis, and skeletal anomalies. While functional models have elucidated several candidate genes, only WNT4 (MIM: 603490) variants have been definitively associated with a subtype of MRKH with hyperandrogenism (MIM: 158330). DNA from 148 clinically diagnosed MRKH probands across 144 unrelated families and available family members from North America, Europe, and South America were exome sequenced (ES) and by family-based genomics analyzed for rare likely deleterious variants. A replication cohort consisting of 442 Han Chinese individuals with MRKH was used to further reproduce GREB1L findings in diverse genetic backgrounds. Proband and OMIM phenotypes annotated using the Human Phenotype Ontology were analyzed to quantitatively delineate the phenotypic spectrum associated with GREB1L variant alleles found in our MRKH cohort and those previously published. This study reports 18 novel GREB1L variant alleles, 16 within a multiethnic MRKH cohort and two within a congenital scoliosis cohort. Cohort-wide analyses for a burden of rare variants within a single gene identified likely damaging variants in GREB1L (MIM: 617782), a known disease gene for renal hypoplasia and uterine abnormalities (MIM: 617805), in 16 of 590 MRKH probands. GREB1L variant alleles, including a CNV null allele, were found in 8 MRKH type 1 probands and 8 MRKH type II probands. This study used quantitative phenotypic analyses in a worldwide multiethnic cohort to identify and strengthen the association of GREB1L to isolated uterine agenesis (MRKH type I) and syndromic MRKH type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Na Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases and Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Ruizhi Duan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jawid M. Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Moez Dawood
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sejal Salvi
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalini N. Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - André Koch
- University of Tübingen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Rouskas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Athens 16672, Greece
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Glentis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Athens 16672, Greece
| | - Efthymios Deligeoroglou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Carol A. Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Dietrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, BCM, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignatia B. Van den Veyver
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antigone S. Dimas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Athens 16672, Greece
| | - Sara Brucker
- University of Tübingen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - V. Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stylianos E. Antonarakis
- University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Medigenome, the Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases and Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zeynep H. Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, BCM, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Dranow DB, Le Pabic P, Schilling TF. The non-canonical Wnt receptor Ror2 is required for cartilage cell polarity and morphogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton in zebrafish. Development 2023; 150:dev201273. [PMID: 37039156 PMCID: PMC10163346 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-canonical/β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling plays crucial roles in tissue/cell polarity in epithelia, but its functions have been less well studied in mesenchymal tissues, such as the skeleton. Mutations in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway genes cause human skeletal diseases such as Robinow syndrome and Brachydactyly Type B1, which disrupt bone growth throughout the endochondral skeleton. Ror2 is one of several non-canonical Wnt receptor/co-receptors. Here, we show that ror2-/- mutant zebrafish have craniofacial skeletal defects, including disruptions of chondrocyte polarity. ror1-/- mutants appear to be phenotypically wild type, but loss of both ror1 and ror2 leads to more severe cartilage defects, indicating partial redundancy. Skeletal defects in ror1/2 double mutants resemble those of wnt5b-/- mutants, suggesting that Wnt5b is the primary Ror ligand in zebrafish. Surprisingly, the proline-rich domain of Ror2, but not its kinase domain, is required to rescue its function in mosaic transgenic experiments in ror2-/- mutants. These results suggest that endochondral bone defects in ROR-related human syndromes reflect defects in cartilage polarity and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Dranow
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pierre Le Pabic
- Department of Biology & Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - Thomas F. Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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5
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Liegel RP, Michalski MN, Vaidya S, Bittermann E, Finnerty E, Menke CA, Diegel CR, Zhong ZA, Williams BO, Stottmann RW. Successful therapeutic intervention in new mouse models of frizzled 2-associated congenital malformations. Development 2023; 150:dev201038. [PMID: 36789910 PMCID: PMC10112907 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Frizzled 2 (FZD2) is a transmembrane Wnt receptor. We previously identified a pathogenic human FZD2 variant in individuals with FZD2-associated autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome. The variant encoded a protein with a premature stop and loss of 17 amino acids, including a region of the consensus dishevelled-binding sequence. To model this variant, we used zygote microinjection and i-GONAD-based CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to generate a mouse allelic series. Embryos mosaic for humanized Fzd2W553* knock-in exhibited cleft palate and shortened limbs, consistent with patient phenotypes. We also generated two germline mouse alleles with small deletions: Fzd2D3 and Fzd2D4. Homozygotes for each allele exhibit a highly penetrant cleft palate phenotype, shortened limbs compared with wild type and perinatal lethality. Fzd2D4 craniofacial tissues indicated decreased canonical Wnt signaling. In utero treatment with IIIC3a (a DKK inhibitor) normalized the limb lengths in Fzd2D4 homozygotes. The in vivo replication represents an approach for further investigating the mechanism of FZD2 phenotypes and demonstrates the utility of CRISPR knock-in mice as a tool for investigating the pathogenicity of human genetic variants. We also present evidence for a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Liegel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Megan N. Michalski
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sanika Vaidya
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bittermann
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Erin Finnerty
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Chelsea A. Menke
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Cassandra R. Diegel
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Zhendong A. Zhong
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O. Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Rolf W. Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Craig SEL, Michalski MN, Williams BO. Got WNTS? Insight into bone health from a WNT perspective. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:327-346. [PMID: 36967199 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
WNT signaling, essential for many aspects of development, is among the most commonly altered pathways associated with human disease. While initially studied in cancer, dysregulation of WNT signaling has been determined to be essential for skeletal development and the maintenance of bone health throughout life. In this review, we discuss the role of Wnt signaling in bone development and disease with a particular focus on two areas. First, we discuss the roles of WNT signaling pathways in skeletal development, with an emphasis on congenital and idiopathic skeletal syndromes and diseases that are associated with genetic variations in WNT signaling components. Next, we cover a topic that has long been an interest of our laboratory, how high and low levels of WNT signaling affects the establishment and maintenance of healthy bone mass. We conclude with a discussion of the status of WNT-based therapeutics in the treatment of skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya E L Craig
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Megan N Michalski
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Bart O Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
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7
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Du H, Jolly A, Grochowski CM, Yuan B, Dawood M, Jhangiani SN, Li H, Muzny D, Fatih JM, Coban-Akdemir Z, Carlin ME, Scheuerle AE, Witzl K, Posey JE, Pendleton M, Harrington E, Juul S, Hastings PJ, Bi W, Gibbs RA, Sedlazeck FJ, Lupski JR, Carvalho CMB, Liu P. The multiple de novo copy number variant (MdnCNV) phenomenon presents with peri-zygotic DNA mutational signatures and multilocus pathogenic variation. Genome Med 2022; 14:122. [PMID: 36303224 PMCID: PMC9609164 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multiple de novo copy number variant (MdnCNV) phenotype is described by having four or more constitutional de novo CNVs (dnCNVs) arising independently throughout the human genome within one generation. It is a rare peri-zygotic mutational event, previously reported to be seen once in every 12,000 individuals referred for genome-wide chromosomal microarray analysis due to congenital abnormalities. These rare families provide a unique opportunity to understand the genetic factors of peri-zygotic genome instability and the impact of dnCNV on human diseases. METHODS Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), array-based comparative genomic hybridization, short- and long-read genome sequencing (GS) were performed on the newly identified MdnCNV family to identify de novo mutations including dnCNVs, de novo single-nucleotide variants (dnSNVs), and indels. Short-read GS was performed on four previously published MdnCNV families for dnSNV analysis. Trio-based rare variant analysis was performed on the newly identified individual and four previously published MdnCNV families to identify potential genetic etiologies contributing to the peri-zygotic genomic instability. Lin semantic similarity scores informed quantitative human phenotype ontology analysis on three MdnCNV families to identify gene(s) driving or contributing to the clinical phenotype. RESULTS In the newly identified MdnCNV case, we revealed eight de novo tandem duplications, each ~ 1 Mb, with microhomology at 6/8 breakpoint junctions. Enrichment of de novo single-nucleotide variants (SNV; 6/79) and de novo indels (1/12) was found within 4 Mb of the dnCNV genomic regions. An elevated post-zygotic SNV mutation rate was observed in MdnCNV families. Maternal rare variant analyses identified three genes in distinct families that may contribute to the MdnCNV phenomenon. Phenotype analysis suggests that gene(s) within dnCNV regions contribute to the observed proband phenotype in 3/3 cases. CNVs in two cases, a contiguous gene duplication encompassing PMP22 and RAI1 and another duplication affecting NSD1 and SMARCC2, contribute to the clinically observed phenotypic manifestations. CONCLUSIONS Characteristic features of dnCNVs reported here are consistent with a microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR)-driven mechanism during the peri-zygotic period. Maternal genetic variants in DNA repair genes potentially contribute to peri-zygotic genomic instability. Variable phenotypic features were observed across a cohort of three MdnCNV probands, and computational quantitative phenotyping revealed that two out of three had evidence for the contribution of more than one genetic locus to the proband's phenotype supporting the hypothesis of de novo multilocus pathogenic variation (MPV) in those families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher M Grochowski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX, 77021, USA
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Moez Dawood
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - He Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jawid M Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary Esther Carlin
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Angela E Scheuerle
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Division of Genetics Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Karin Witzl
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Sissel Juul
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies Inc, New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - P J Hastings
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX, 77021, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX, 77021, USA.
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8
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Le Pabic P, Dranow DB, Hoyle DJ, Schilling TF. Zebrafish endochondral growth zones as they relate to human bone size, shape and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1060187. [PMID: 36561564 PMCID: PMC9763315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1060187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the genetic mechanisms underlying human skeletal development and disease have largely relied on studies in mice. However, recently the zebrafish has emerged as a popular model for skeletal research. Despite anatomical differences such as a lack of long bones in their limbs and no hematopoietic bone marrow, both the cell types in cartilage and bone as well as the genetic pathways that regulate their development are remarkably conserved between teleost fish and humans. Here we review recent studies that highlight this conservation, focusing specifically on the cartilaginous growth zones (GZs) of endochondral bones. GZs can be unidirectional such as the growth plates (GPs) of long bones in tetrapod limbs or bidirectional, such as in the synchondroses of the mammalian skull base. In addition to endochondral growth, GZs play key roles in cartilage maturation and replacement by bone. Recent studies in zebrafish suggest key roles for cartilage polarity in GZ function, surprisingly early establishment of signaling systems that regulate cartilage during embryonic development, and important roles for cartilage proliferation rather than hypertrophy in bone size. Despite anatomical differences, there are now many zebrafish models for human skeletal disorders including mutations in genes that cause defects in cartilage associated with endochondral GZs. These point to conserved developmental mechanisms, some of which operate both in cranial GZs and limb GPs, as well as others that act earlier or in parallel to known GP regulators. Experimental advantages of zebrafish for genetic screens, high resolution live imaging and drug screens, set the stage for many novel insights into causes and potential therapies for human endochondral bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Pabic
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Willmington, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Pierre Le Pabic, ; Thomas F. Schilling,
| | - Daniel B. Dranow
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Diego J. Hoyle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Thomas F. Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pierre Le Pabic, ; Thomas F. Schilling,
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