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You Y, Zhao X, Jie J, Xie Y, Hao Z, He Q, Zhou Y. Construction and evaluation of a Salmonella Paratyphi A vaccine candidate based on a poxA gene mutation. Gene 2024; 933:148952. [PMID: 39299530 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella Paratyphi A, the pathogen of paratyphoid A accounts for an obviously growing proportion of cases in many areas. Therefore, development of specific paratyphoid A vaccines is needed. In the present study, the poxA gene of Salmonella Paratyphi A, encoding the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, was deleted successfully by the method of lambda Red recombination system, the resulting strain, ΔpoxA was characterized in respect of growth, adhesion and invasion, virulence, immunogenicity and protective efficacy. It was found that the growth of the ΔpoxA strain was significantly delayed compared with the wild type strain, the mutant ΔpoxA was less invasive to Caco-2 BBE epithelioid cells and THP-1 macrophages than the wild type strain, strain ΔpoxA was attenuated at least 1000-fold in mice, significant immune response and efficient protection were provided by the mutant ΔpoxA after oral immunization. It is concluded that the Salmonella Paratyphi A poxA deletion mutant ΔpoxA can be used as a live oral vaccine candidate against paratyphoid A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe You
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiayue Jie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou Medical and Health Vocational College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenhua Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qunli He
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou Medical and Health Vocational College, Zhengzhou, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Yanlin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Yin J, Wang L, Shen R, He J, Li S, Wang H, Cheng Z. The influence of cigR gene on the pathogenicity of Salmonella paratyphi A in vitro and in vivo. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae067. [PMID: 39165135 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Paratyphi A is the causative agent of paratyphoid fever A which is a serious threat to human health in many countries. The cigR gene located in Salmonella pathogenicity island 3 is a type III secretion system 2 effector gene. However, the influence of cigR gene on the pathogenicity of Salmonella Paratyphi A remains unclear. Here, a cigR gene deletion mutant of Salmonella Paratyphi A was constructed and its pathogenic changes were also evaluated. It was found that both the growth and biochemical features have not changed after the loss of cigR, but the absence of cigR significantly enhanced the replication and/or survival ability in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated human macrophage THP-1 cells and in mouse; the proliferative activity and apoptosis of PMA-differentiated THP-1 cell were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, after the lack of cigR gene; and the mutant showed increased virulence to a mouse infection model by decreased half-lethal dose (LD50) value and enhanced the proliferation ratio of bacteria in vivo. These results demonstrated that CigR is an anti-virulence factor and plays an important role in the pathogenicity of Salmonella Paratyphi A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Yin
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Ronghua Shen
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Jinjiao He
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Shaozu Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Huajian Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
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Ding AJ, Zhang WM, Tao J, Chen B, Liu XC, Dong Y, Ma HJ, Pan SD, He JB, Zeng WK. Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A-induced immune response in Caenorhabditis elegans depends on MAPK pathways and DAF-16. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118003. [PMID: 37122724 PMCID: PMC10132459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) is a pathogen that can cause enteric fever. According to the recent epidemic trends of typhoid fever, S. Paratyphi A has been the major important causative factor in paratyphoid fever. An effective vaccine for S. Paratyphi A has not been developed, which made it a tricky public health concern. Until now, how S. Paratyphi A interacts with organisms remain unknown. Here using lifespan assay, we found that S. Paratyphi A could infect Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) at 25°C, and attenuate thermotolerance. The immune response of C. elegans was mediated by tir-1, nsy-1, sek-1, pmk-1, mpk-1, skn-1, daf-2 and daf-16, suggesting that S. Paratyphi A could regulate the MAPK and insulin pathways. Furthermore, we observed several phenotypical changes when C. elegans were fed S. Paratyphi A, including an accelerated decline in body movement, reduced the reproductive capacity, shortened spawning cycle, strong preference for OP50, arrested pharyngeal pumping and colonization of the intestinal lumen. The virulence of S. Paratyphi A requires living bacteria and is not mediated by secreting toxin. Using hydrogen peroxide analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, we discovered that S. Paratyphi A could increase oxidative stress and regulate the immune response in C. elegans. Our results sheds light on the infection mechanisms of S. Paratyphi A and lays a foundation for drugs and vaccine development.
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Xie L, Ming L, Ding M, Deng L, Liu M, Cong Y. Paratyphoid Fever A: Infection and Prevention. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:945235. [PMID: 35875577 PMCID: PMC9304857 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.945235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, B, and C. While S. Typhi remains the primary causative agent of enteric fever, S. Paratyphi A is responsible for an increasing portion of enteric fever incidence. However, the current available vaccines for enteric fever are all developed from S. Typhi, and lack adequate cross immune protection against paratyphoid fever A. Therefore, paratyphoid A vaccines are urgently needed. The present paper reviews the latest progresses in pathogenesis, global burden, infection features of paratyphoid fever A, as well as the status of vaccine development, highlighting the necessity for the development of vaccines against paratyphoid fever A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- Precision Medicine Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lan Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manlin Ding
- Precision Medicine Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Luxin Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanguang Cong
- Precision Medicine Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanguang Cong,
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Yin J, Xiong W, Yuan X, Li S, Zhi L, Pan P, Sun W, Yu T, He Q, Cheng Z. Salmonella Pullorum lacking srfA is attenuated, immunogenic and protective in chickens. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105230. [PMID: 34619313 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sallmonella Pullorum is a host-restricted pathogen for poultry and causes severe economic importance in many developing countries. The development of novel vaccines for Salmonella Pullorum is necessary to eradicate the prevalence of the pathogen. In our study, a srfA deletion mutant (C79-13ΔsrfA) of Salmonella Pullorum was constructed, and then the biological characteristics and protective efficacy of the mutant were evaluated. The mutant C79-13ΔsrfA was much less virulent than its parental strain C79-13 in one-day-old HY-line white chickens, immunization with C79-13ΔsrfA (4 × 107 CFU) through oral pathway induced highly specific humoral and cellular immune responses, the growth performance of vaccinated chickens was consistent with that of unvaccinated chickens. The survival percentages of vaccinated chickens reached 90% and 80%, after challenge with Salmonella Pullorum strain C79-13 and Salmonella Gallinarum strain SG9 at 10 days post-immunization (dpi), respectively. Collectively, our results indicate that C79-13ΔsrfA is a live attenuated vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Yin
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenhui Xiong
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinzhong Yuan
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lijuan Zhi
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengtao Pan
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qunli He
- Medical College, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, China; College of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Zhao Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China.
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Pan P, Zou F, He C, He Q, Yin J. Characterization and protective efficacy of a sptP mutant of Salmonella Paratyphi A. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:774-781. [PMID: 33135379 PMCID: PMC7654428 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Salmonella Paratyphi A causes paratyphoid A, a severe systemic disease of people and remains a major public health problem in many parts of the world. In the interest of researching the roles of sptP on Salmonella Paratyphi A and developing a live‐attenuated vaccine candidate, an sptP mutant of Salmonella Paratyphi A SPA017 (SPA017ΔsptP) was constructed, and then its characterization, immunogenicity, and protective ability were evaluated. Results The deletion of sptP had no effect on growth and biochemical properties. Adhesion and invasion assays showed that the lack of sptP did not affect the adhesion of Salmonella Paratyphi A, but the invasive ability of the mutant strain was significantly decreased, the half‐lethal dose (LD50) of the mutant strain was 1.43 × 104 times of the parent strain in intraperitoneally injected mice. Single intraperitoneal vaccination with SPA017ΔsptP (1 × 105 CFU) in mice did not affect the body weight or elicit clinical symptoms relative to the control group, SPA017ΔsptP bacteria were isolated from livers and spleens of vaccinated mice at 14 days postvaccination. Notably, specific humoral and cellular immune responses were significantly induced. The protective assessment showed that the mutant strain could provide high‐level protection against subsequent challenge with the wild‐type SPA017 strain. Conclusions These results demonstrated that SptP plays an essential role in the pathogenicity of Salmonella Paratyphi A, and Salmonella Paratyphi A lacking sptP is immunogenic and protective in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Pan
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fanyu Zou
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chuanshan He
- Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qunli He
- Medical College, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junlei Yin
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
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