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Dhatchinamoorthy K, Colbert JD, Rock KL. Cancer Immune Evasion Through Loss of MHC Class I Antigen Presentation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636568. [PMID: 33767702 PMCID: PMC7986854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility class I (MHC I) molecules bind peptides derived from a cell's expressed genes and then transport and display this antigenic information on the cell surface. This allows CD8 T cells to identify pathological cells that are synthesizing abnormal proteins, such as cancers that are expressing mutated proteins. In order for many cancers to arise and progress, they need to evolve mechanisms to avoid elimination by CD8 T cells. MHC I molecules are not essential for cell survival and therefore one mechanism by which cancers can evade immune control is by losing MHC I antigen presentation machinery (APM). Not only will this impair the ability of natural immune responses to control cancers, but also frustrate immunotherapies that work by re-invigorating anti-tumor CD8 T cells, such as checkpoint blockade. Here we review the evidence that loss of MHC I antigen presentation is a frequent occurrence in many cancers. We discuss new insights into some common underlying mechanisms through which some cancers inactivate the MHC I pathway and consider some possible strategies to overcome this limitation in ways that could restore immune control of tumors and improve immunotherapy.
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Jee B, Yadav R, Pankaj S, Shahi SK. Immunology of HPV-mediated cervical cancer: current understanding. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:359-378. [PMID: 32853049 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1811859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) has emerged as a primary cause of cervical cancer worldwide. HPV is a relatively small (55 nm in diameter) and non-enveloped virus containing approximately 8 kb long double stranded circular DNA genome. To date, 228 genotypes of HPV have been identified. Although all HPV infections do not lead to the development of malignancy of cervix, only persistent infection of high-risk types of HPV (mainly with HPV16 and HPV18) results in the disease. In addition, the immunity of the patients also acts as a key determinant in the carcinogenesis. Since, no HPV type specific medication is available for the patient suffering with cervical cancer, hence, a deep understanding of the disease etiology may be vital for developing an effective strategy for its prevention and management. From the immunological perspectives, the entire mechanisms of disease progression still remain unclear despite continuous efforts. In the present review, the recent developments in immunology of HPV-mediated cervix carcinoma were discussed. At the end, the prevention of disease using HPV type specific recombinant vaccines was also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babban Jee
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Sangeeta Pankaj
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Shivendra Kumar Shahi
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Abstract
Cervical cancer is usually treated by surgery, with the more advanced cancers requiring adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The location of the cervix makes it easily accessible through the vagina for the localised delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. Localised delivery has the advantage of direct delivery to the site of action resulting in a lower dose having to be required and a reduction in systemic side effects. This approach would be advantageous for fertility sparing surgery, whereby localised delivery could be used to reduce tumour size allowing for a much smaller tumour to be removed, reducing the risk of preterm birth. Furthermore, localised delivery could be used after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence, which is significantly higher in fertility sparing surgery compared to standard surgery. In this paper, we discuss the number of vaginal dosage forms that have investigated for this purpose, including tablets, rings, bioadhesive and cervical caps. APIs under investigation have ranged from well-established chemotherapeutic drugs to more experimental compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Major
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Christopher McConville
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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Uppendahl LD, Dahl CM, Miller JS, Felices M, Geller MA. Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Gynecologic Malignancy: A Review. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1825. [PMID: 29354116 PMCID: PMC5760535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system has proven an effective therapy in treating malignancies. Since the discovery of natural killer (NK) cells, strategies aimed to manipulate and augment their effector function against cancer have been the subject of intense research. Recent progress in the immunobiology of NK cells has led to the development of promising therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances in NK cell immunobiology and the clinical application of NK cell immunotherapy in ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Locke D Uppendahl
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Carly M Dahl
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Martin Felices
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Melissa A Geller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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5
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Steinbach A, Riemer AB. Immune evasion mechanisms of human papillomavirus: An update. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:224-229. [PMID: 28865151 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most frequently sexually transmitted agent in the world. It can cause cervical and other anogenital malignancies, and oropharyngeal cancer. HPV has the unique ability to persist in the host's epithelium for a long time-longer than most viruses do-which is necessary to complete its replication cycle. To this end, HPV has developed a variety of immune evasion mechanisms, which unfortunately also favor the progression of the disease from infection to chronic dysplasia and eventually to cancer. This article summarizes the current knowledge about HPV immune evasion strategies. A special emphasis lies in HPV-mediated changes of the antigen processing machinery, which is generating epitopes for T cells and contributes to the detectability of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Steinbach
- Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika B Riemer
- Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Perez-Trujillo JJ, Garza-Morales R, Barron-Cantu JA, Figueroa-Parra G, Garcia-Garcia A, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Juarez J, Muñoz-Maldonado GE, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Montes-De-Oca-Luna R, Loera-Arias MDJ. DNA vaccine encoding human papillomavirus antigens flanked by a signal peptide and a KDEL sequence induces a potent therapeutic antitumor effect. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1569-1574. [PMID: 28454292 PMCID: PMC5403354 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular immune responses play a critical role in the eradication of intracellular infections and malignant cells through the recognition and subsequent removal of the infection or malignant cells. Effective antigen presentation is crucial for stimulating the immune system against malignant cells. Calreticulin (CRT) has been used to improve antigen presentation. However, CRT overexpression has been previously associated with the development of pancreatic and breast cancer. The import and retention signals of CRT in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be used to overcome CRT overexpression. The present study describes the potent antitumor effect of a DNA vaccine encoding human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 antigens flanked by ER import and retention signals (SP-E6E7m-KDEL). The effect of this vaccine was compared with that of E6 and E7 antigens fused to human full-length CRT (hCRT-E6E7m). In the present study, the effectiveness of SP-E6E7m-KDEL for inducing an interferon-γ antigen-specific, response and its therapeutic effect against tumors was demonstrated, which was as effective as immunization against those antigens fused to CRT. This simplified strategy, using ER import and retention signal peptides to direct antigens to this organelle, provides an efficient alternative to traditional vaccines and, more importantly, a safe and potent system to induce a therapeutic antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J Perez-Trujillo
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México
| | - Rodolfo Garza-Morales
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México
| | - Jose A Barron-Cantu
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México
| | - Gabriel Figueroa-Parra
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México
| | - Jaime Garcia-Juarez
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México
| | - Gerardo E Muñoz-Maldonado
- General Surgery Service, University Hospital 'Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez', Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México.,Division of Genetics, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64720, México
| | - Roberto Montes-De-Oca-Luna
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México
| | - Maria De Jesus Loera-Arias
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, México
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van Esch EMG, Tummers B, Baartmans V, Osse EM, Ter Haar N, Trietsch MD, Hellebrekers BWJ, Holleboom CAG, Nagel HTC, Tan LT, Fleuren GJ, van Poelgeest MIE, van der Burg SH, Jordanova ES. Alterations in classical and nonclassical HLA expression in recurrent and progressive HPV-induced usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and implications for immunotherapy. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:830-42. [PMID: 24415578 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy of usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN) is promising; however, many patients still fail to show clinical responses, which could be explained by an immune escape through alterations in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression. Therefore, we analyzed a cohort of patients with a primary (n = 43) and subsequent recurrent uVIN lesion (n = 20), vaccine-treated uVIN patients (n = 12), patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced vulvar carcinoma (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 26) for the expression of classical HLA-class I/II and nonclassical HLA-E/-G and MHC class I chain-related molecule A (MICA). HLA-class I was downregulated in 70% of uVIN patients, including patients with a clinical response to immunotherapy. Downregulation of HLA-class I is probably reversible, as only 15% of the uVIN cases displayed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and HLA-class I could be upregulated in uVIN keratinocyte cultures by interferon γ. HLA-class I downregulation is more frequently associated with LOH in vulvar carcinomas (25-55.5%). HLA-class II was found to be focally expressed in 65% of uVIN patients. Of the nonclassical molecules, MICA was downregulated in 80% of uVIN whereas HLA-E and -G were expressed in a minority of cases. Their expression was more prominent in vulvar carcinoma. No differences were found between the alterations observed in paired primary and recurrent uVIN. Importantly, downregulation of HLA-B/C in primary uVIN lesions was associated with the development of recurrences and progression to cancer. We conclude that downregulation of HLA is frequently observed in premalignant HPV-induced lesions, including clinical responders to immunotherapy, and is associated with worse clinical outcome. However, in the majority of cases downregulation may still be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M G van Esch
- Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Feng B, Awuti I, Deng Y, Li D, Niyazi M, Aniwar J, Sheyhidin I, Lu G, Li G, Zhang L. Human papillomavirus promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating DNA methylation and expression of HLA-DQB1. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2013; 10:66-74. [PMID: 24148080 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Idiris Awuti
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Yanchao Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Desheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Maidiniyeti Niyazi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Julaiti Aniwar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Ilyar Sheyhidin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital; Urumqi China
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de Vos van Steenwijk PJ, Ramwadhdoebe TH, Goedemans R, Doorduijn EM, van Ham JJ, Gorter A, van Hall T, Kuijjer ML, van Poelgeest MIE, van der Burg SH, Jordanova ES. Tumor-infiltrating CD14-positive myeloid cells and CD8-positive T-cells prolong survival in patients with cervical carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2884-94. [PMID: 23740735 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is the influx of myeloid cells. In our study, we investigated the constitution of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and their relationship to other tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor characteristics and the disease-specific survival of patients with cervical cancer (CxCa). Triple-color immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to locate, identify and quantify macrophages (CD14), their maturation status (CD33) and their polarization (CD163) in a cohort of 86 patients with cervical carcinoma. Quantification of the numbers of myeloid cells revealed that a strong intraepithelial infiltration of CD14+ cells, and more specifically the population of CD14+CD33-CD163- matured M1 macrophages, is associated with a large influx of intraepithelial T lymphocytes (p = 0.008), improved disease-specific survival (p = 0.007) and forms an independent prognostic factor for survival (p = 0.033). The intraepithelial CD8+ T-cell and regulatory T-cell (Treg) ratio also forms an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.010) and combination of these two factors reveals a further increased benefit in survival for patients whose tumor displays a dense infiltration with intraepithelial matured M1 macrophages and a high CD8 T-cell/Treg ratio, indicating that both populations of immune cells simultaneously improve survival. Subsequently, we made a heatmap including all known immune parameters for these patients, whereby we were able to identify different immune signatures in CxCa. These results indicate that reinforcement and activation of the intratumoral M1 macrophages may form an attractive immunotherapeutic option in CxCa.
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Litjens RJNTM, Hopman AHN, van de Vijver KK, Ramaekers FCS, Kruitwagen RFPM, Kruse AJ. Molecular biomarkers in cervical cancer diagnosis: a critical appraisal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:365-77. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2013.808621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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van Esch EMG, Welters MJP, Jordanova ES, Trimbos JBMZ, van der Burg SH, van Poelgeest MIE. Treatment failure in patients with HPV 16-induced vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: understanding different clinical responses to immunotherapy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 11:821-40. [PMID: 22913259 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Failure of the immune system to launch a strong and effective immune response to high-risk HPV is related to viral persistence and the development of anogenital (pre)malignant lesions such as vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). Different forms of immunotherapy, aimed at overcoming the inertia of the immune system, have been developed and met with clinical success. Unfortunately these, in principal successful, therapeutic approaches also fail to induce clinical responses in a substantial number of cases. In this review, the authors summarize the traits of the immune response to HPV in healthy individuals and in patients with HPV-induced neoplasia. The potential mechanisms involved in the escape of HPV-induced lesions from the immune system indicate gaps in our knowledge. Finally, the interaction between the immune system and VIN is discussed with a special focus on the different forms of immunotherapy applied to treat VIN and the potential causes of therapy failure. The authors conclude that there are a number of pre-existing conditions that determine the patients' responsiveness to immunotherapy. An immunotherapeutic strategy in which different aspects of immune failure are attacked by complementary approaches, will improve the clinical response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith M G van Esch
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Local immune response in the microenvironment of CIN2-3 with and without spontaneous regression. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:1231-40. [PMID: 20512116 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen to thirty percent of cases with histologically confirmed CIN2-3 in cervical biopsies regress spontaneously (ie, show CIN1 or less in the follow-up cervical cone). The balance between immune-reactive cells from the host and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes may provide a biological explanation for this phenomenon. We retrospectively studied 55 cases of CIN2-3 in a cervical biopsy with subsequent cervical cone to assess whether hrHPV genotypes (by AMPLICOR and Linear Array tests) CD4, CD8, CD25, CD138 and Foxp3 cells (by quantitative immunohistochemistry) in the cervical biopsies can predict regression (defined as CIN1 or less in the follow-up cone biopsy). Eighteen percent of the CIN2-3 cases regressed (median biopsy-cervical cone time interval: 12.0 weeks, range: 5.0-34.1 weeks). HPV-16 correlated with low CD8+ and high CD25+. None of the regressing CIN2-3 lesions contained HPV-16. The regressing CIN2-3 lesions had lower numbers of stromal CD138+ and higher numbers of stromal CD8+cells; higher stromal and intra-epithelial ratios of CD4+/CD25+ cells; higher ratios of CD8+/CD25+ cells and lower ratios of CD8+/CD4+, CD138+/Foxp3+ and CD25+/Foxp3+ cells in the stroma. With multivariate survival analysis, stromal CD8+ cell numbers, CD4+/CD25+ cell ratios and CD138+ cell numbers are found to be independent regression predictors. In conclusion, in non-HPV-16 CIN2-3 lesions, assessing stromal immune cells can be a useful prognostic indicator of regression or persistence.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to understand the role of the host immune system in clearing the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, strategies adopted by HPV to subvert the host immune responses and analyze the challenges to the future immunotherapeutic treatment modalities. RECENT FINDINGS Cervical epithelium provides a protective niche to the virus to subvert the immune responses. The absence of an inflammatory milieu in the cervix makes the resident dendritic and langerhan cells tolerogenic to HPV antigens. CD4 cells predominated in regressing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, whereas CD8 cells were dominant in invasive carcinoma. A reduced expression of T cell signaling molecule T-cell receptor zeta chain was observed in CD8 lymphocytes. Decreased numbers of NKG2D expressing natural killer and T cells were present in patients with cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Increased frequencies of CD4 CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells were observed in patients with cervical cancer. The Nrp-1+Treg showed greater suppressive activity. A network of Treg and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase expressed in tumor cells facilitates immune escape of tumor cells. SUMMARY The HPV uses different strategies to evade immune recognition. Understanding the immune evasion mechanisms used by HPV will help in designing newer therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Patel
- Chiplunkar Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009; 21:101-9. [DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e3283240745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Textor S, Dürst M, Jansen L, Accardi R, Tommasino M, Trunk MJ, Porgador A, Watzl C, Gissmann L, Cerwenka A. Activating NK cell receptor ligands are differentially expressed during progression to cervical cancer. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2343-53. [PMID: 18712710 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus-induced cervical carcinomas often show impaired expression of MHC class I molecules resulting in the inability of tumor cells to directly present viral peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Loss of MHC class I expression combined with the expression of activating NK cell receptor ligands renders tumor cells potentially susceptible to NK cell attack. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the expression of activating NK cell receptor ligands, NK cell accumulation and activation status in situ in normal ectocervical tissue (NCT), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cervical carcinoma (CxCa). We observed that expression of the DNAM-1 ligand CD155 was frequently upregulated in CxCa, but not in CIN. The NKG2D ligand MICA was upregulated in fewer CxCa biopsies. In contrast, another NKG2D ligand ULBP2 was preferentially expressed in differentiated epithelial cells of NCT. Increased numbers of NK cells were detected in CIN as compared to NCT and CxCa. Expression of activating NK cell receptor ligands combined with loss of MHC class I was not correlated with enhanced NK cell accumulation or activation status. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cervical cancer cell lines are killed by the NK cell line, NKL, in a NKG2D- and DNAM-1-dependent manner in vitro. Since a significant number of CxCa biopsies showed low MHC class I expression combined with high expression of one or more of the tested activating NK cell receptor ligands, we conclude that CxCa might be a promising target for NK cell-based adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Textor
- Division of Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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