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Amalraj T, Dravid AA, Tripathi R, Lulu SS. Database of transcription factors in lung cancer (DBTFLC): A novel resource for exploring transcription factors associated with lung cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5253-5261. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thabitha Amalraj
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Bio Sciences and TechnologyVIT UniversityVelloreTamilnaduIndia
| | - Ameya A. Dravid
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Bio Sciences and TechnologyVIT UniversityVelloreTamilnaduIndia
| | - Riya Tripathi
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Bio Sciences and TechnologyVIT UniversityVelloreTamilnaduIndia
| | - S. Sajitha Lulu
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Bio Sciences and TechnologyVIT UniversityVelloreTamilnaduIndia
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Willett CG, Smith DI, Shridhar V, Wang MH, Emanuel RL, Patidar K, Graham SA, Zhang F, Hatch V, Sugarbaker DJ, Sunday ME. Differential screening of a human chromosome 3 library identifies hepatocyte growth factor-like/macrophage-stimulating protein and its receptor in injured lung. Possible implications for neuroendocrine cell survival. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:2979-91. [PMID: 9185522 PMCID: PMC508150 DOI: 10.1172/jci119493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and non-neuroendocrine lung tumors develop in nitrosaminetreated hamsters, which we hypothesized might modulate epithelial cell phenotype by expressing gene(s) homologous to human chromosome 3p gene(s) deleted in small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC). We differentially screened a chromosome 3 library using nitrosamine-treated versus normal hamster lung cDNAs and identified hepatocyte growth factor-like/macrophage-stimulating protein (HGFL/MSP) in injured lung. HGFL/MSP mRNA is low to undetectable in human SCLC and carcinoid tumors, but the HGFL/MSP tyrosine kinase receptor, RON, is present and functional on many of these neuroendocrine tumors. In H835, a pulmonary carcinoid cell line, and H187, a SCLC cell line, HGFL/ MSP induced adhesion/flattening and apoptosis. Using viable cell counts to assess proliferation after 14 d of treatment with HGFL/MSP, there is growth inhibition of H835 but not H187. Nitrosamine-treated hamsters also demonstrate pulmonary neuroendocrine cell apoptosis in situ during the same time period as expression of the endogenous HGFL/ MSP gene, immediately preceding the spontaneous regression of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. These observations suggest that HGFL/MSP might regulate neuroendocrine cell survival during preneoplastic lung injury, which could influence the ultimate tumor cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Willett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Choi PH, Suen MW, Huang DP, Lo KW, Lee JC. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: genetic changes, Epstein-Barr virus infection, or both. A clinical and molecular study of 36 patients. Cancer 1993; 72:2873-8. [PMID: 8106138 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19931115)72:10<2873::aid-cncr2820721003>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been under intense investigation, especially of its peculiar predominance in southern China. The authors previously reported consistent loss of genetic material on the short arm of chromosome 3 in a few nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases. In this study, the authors examined the genetic changes as well as the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome on 36 nasopharyngeal carcinoma primary biopsy specimens of the undifferentiated type and the correlation of the findings to patients' clinical status. METHODS The authors examined the DNA from tumor tissue and from matched blood leukocytes of 36 patients who suffered from nasopharyngeal carcinoma by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The genotyping for EBV was carried out by polymerase chain reaction using primers complementary to both types of EBV and probes specific to EBNA-2A (EBV-A) or EBNA-2B (EBV-B). RESULTS A consistent deletion at two specific locus of the short arm of chromosome 3 was observed in all informative cases. The authors also found that EBV genome, especially type A, was present in 35 of 36 cases. In the remaining one case, EBV-B was detected. CONCLUSIONS As the same tumor tissue was used for both genetic and viral studies in each case, the results may represent sequential genetic lesions in the pathogenesis and/or summation of genetic events. Moreover, 7 of 32 informative tumors were from patients of early staging (Stages I and II), which suggests the genetic changes may occur in the early development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Difference in allele frequency in specific locus was also noted between Asian and white patients for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Choi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Yoshida K, Kuniyasu H, Yasui W, Kitadai Y, Toge T, Tahara E. Expression of growth factors and their receptors in human esophageal carcinomas: regulation of expression by epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1993; 119:401-7. [PMID: 8491760 DOI: 10.1007/bf01218421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The expression of mRNAs for epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha(TGF alpha), EGFR, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A and B chain, PDGF receptor (PDGFR), transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), erbB-2 and estrogen receptor (ER) genes was first examined in 6 human esophageal carcinoma cell lines, 6 xenoplanted and 15 surgically resected esophageal carcinomas. Secondly, the effect of EGF and TGF alpha on the expression of these genes by the TE-1 esophageal carcinoma cell line was investigated. The expression of EGF mRNA was detected in 8 (29.6%) of 27 tumors including the cell lines, whereas the TGF alpha and EGFR genes were expressed in 21 (77.8%) and 24 (88.9%) tumors respectively. PDGF B chain and PDGFR were detected in 18 (66.7%) and 20 (74.1%), respectively, and ER mRNA was observed in 16 (59.3%) tumors. Genes for PDGF A chain and TGF beta and the erbB-2 gene were commonly expressed. On the other hand, exogenous EGF and TGF alpha stimulated the expressions of fos and myc genes by TE-1 cells. The expression of mRNAs for TGF alpha, PDGF A and B chain and the erbB-2 genes was also increased after treatment with EGF. TGF alpha increased the accumulation of mRNAs for EGF, TGF alpha, EGFR, PDGF A and B chain and the erbB-2 gene. Moreover, the expression of mRNAs for interstitial collagenase, stromelysin and type IV collagenase was increased after EGF or TGF alpha treatment. These results indicate that EGF and TGF alpha may regulate the multi-growth-factor receptor expression and may play a central role for tumor invasion and metastasis as autocrine modulators for human esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshida
- First Department of Pathology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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Sunday ME, Choi N, Spindel ER, Chin WW, Mark EJ. Gastrin-releasing peptide gene expression in small cell and large cell undifferentiated lung carcinomas. Hum Pathol 1991; 22:1030-9. [PMID: 1668786 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(91)90011-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP; mammalian bombesin) is present in the neuroendocrine cells of human fetal lung and in small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs), where it may act as a growth factor. Considering the potential importance of GRP as a tumor marker, we have conducted a retrospective immunohistochemical analysis of 176 lung tumors for markers of GRP gene expression, as well as several other markers of neuroendocrine cell differentiation: chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, and calcitonin. The majority of carcinoids contained mature GRP, in contrast to only a minority of SCLCs and large cell lung carcinomas (LCLCs). However, a majority of SCLCs and LCLCs contained proGRP immunoreactivity. In situ hybridization did not add any information beyond what was obtained using proGRP antisera. In spite of sharing these neuroendocrine cell markers, SCLCs are associated with a graver prognosis than LCLCs. No prognostic significance was associated with immunostaining for GRP or several other markers of neuroendocrine cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Sunday
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Huang DP, Lo KW, Choi PH, Ng AY, Tsao SY, Yiu GK, Lee JC. Loss of heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1991; 54:91-9. [PMID: 1676610 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(91)90035-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A consistent loss of constitutional heterozygosity within a specific chromosome locus in a tumor type is suggestive of a tumor suppressor gene important in the genesis of that tumor. We studied whether such genetic alterations are involved, in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Tumor and matched blood leukocytes DNA from eleven Hong Kong Chinese patients with primary NPC stages I to IV were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using chromosome 3-specific polymorphic probes. Such probes are assigned to chromosomal region 3p25 (RAF-1), 3p24-22.1 (ERBA beta), 3p21 (DNF15S2), 3p14 (D3S3), and 3q12 (D3S1). The breakpoint varied among tumors, ranging in extent from 3p21-14. However, 100% frequency of complete loss of heterozygosity was observed at two chromosomal loci: RAF-1 locus (ten of ten cases at 3p25) and D3S3 locus (nine of nine cases at 3p14), in all evaluable NPC patients, suggesting the presence of putative tumor suppressor gene(s) within or close to these defined regions. The observed consistent deletion of alleles on the short arm of chromosome 3 in the NPC cases, which is in line with our previously reported and present cytogenetic findings, may represent a critical event in the multistep genesis of NPC. The present report also identifies defined loci for linkage studies on NPC families.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Huang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin
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Anderson MW. Oncogenes, growth factors, and cell signaling in mouse lung tumors: an overview. Exp Lung Res 1991; 17:323-5. [PMID: 2050034 DOI: 10.3109/01902149109064421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M W Anderson
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Anderson MW, You M, Reynolds SH. Proto-oncogene activation in rodent and human tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1991; 283:235-43. [PMID: 2068988 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5877-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of a normal cell into a tumorigenic cell involves both the activation and concerted expression of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of suppressor genes. The activation of ras proto-oncogenes represents one step in the multistep process of carcinogenesis for a variety of rodent and human tumors. This activation is probably an early event in tumorigenesis in many cases and may be the 'initiation' event in some cases. Thus, a chemical that induces rodent tumors by activation of ras proto-oncogenes can potentially invoke one step of the neoplastic process in humans exposed to the chemical. Moreover, dominant transforming oncogenes other than ras have been detected in human tumors as well as rodent tumors. The involvement of these putative proto-oncogenes in the development of neoplasia is unclear at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Anderson
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Groner B. Transcriptional control and cellular transformation. Ann Oncol 1990; 1:321-5. [PMID: 2261372 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a057764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Groner
- Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Jordan
- University of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center, Madison
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Yoshida K, Yasui W, Ito H, Tahara E. Growth factors in progression of human esophageal and gastric carcinomas. EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 1990; 40:291-300. [PMID: 2098274 DOI: 10.1016/s0232-1513(11)80316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human esophageal and gastric carcinomas express multi-autocrine growth factors and hormones including epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and beta, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and sex hormones. Overexpression of EGF, TGF-alpha and EGF receptor (EGFR) by tumor cells is closely correlated with the tumor invasion and patient prognosis. This is substantiated by the facts that EGF and TGF-alpha act as autocrine growth factors and then induce the expression of mRNAs for multi-growth factors and their receptors (EGF, TGF-alpha, EGFR, ERBB2, PDGF). Moreover, they stimulate the expression of metalloproteinase genes suggesting that EGF and TGF-alpha successively evoke cascade phenomena which are most convenient for tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. On the other hand, multiple oncogene alterations take place in the process of tumor progression. HST-1 and INT-2 genes which is a member of fibroblast growth factor gene family, are amplified in approximately 50% of primary tumors and all the metastatic tumors of esophageal carcinomas. The amplification of ERBB2 gene in metastatic gastric carcinomas is detected more frequently than in primary carcinomas. Overexpression of multi-growth factor-receptor systems might lead to genetical alterations. Scirrhous gastric carcinoma has vast fibrous stroma with rapid and extensive growth and exhibits high malignancy. Its fibrous stroma may account for synchronous overexpression of EGF, TGF-alpha, PDGF, IGF and TGF-beta by tumor cells. Most of well differentiated adenocarcinomas show overexpression of p 185ERBB2 and coexpression of p 185ERBB2, and EGFR evidently correlates with high malignancy. In conclusion, the accumulation and interaction of several growth factors produced by tumor cells are necessary for the progression of human esophageal and gastric carcinomas. They may be attributed to genetic changes including activation of oncogenes, inactivation and deletion of anti-oncogenes and transcriptional regulatory sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshida
- Hiroshima University School of Medicine, First Department of Pathology, Japan
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