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Prediction of Total Drug Clearance in Humans Using Animal Data: Proposal of a Multimodal Learning Method Based on Deep Learning. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:1834-1841. [PMID: 33497658 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Research into pharmacokinetics plays an important role in the development process of new drugs. Accurately predicting human pharmacokinetic parameters from preclinical data can increase the success rate of clinical trials. Since clearance (CL) which indicates the capacity of the entire body to process a drug is one of the most important parameters, many methods have been developed. However, there are still rooms to be improved for practical use in drug discovery research; "improving CL prediction accuracy" and "understanding the chemical structure of compounds in terms of pharmacokinetics". To improve those, this research proposes a multimodal learning method based on deep learning that takes not only the chemical structure of a drug but also rat CL as inputs. Good results were obtained compared with the conventional animal scale-up method; the geometric mean fold error was 2.68 and the proportion of compounds with prediction errors of 2-fold or less was 48.5%. Furthermore, it was found to be possible to infer the partial structure useful for CL prediction by a structure contributing factor inference method. The validity of these results of structural interpretation of metabolic stability was confirmed by chemists.
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Zhou Y, Liu A, Jia R, Wu M, Wu N, Liu C, Han Z, Hu H, Wang H, He Q. Determination of Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate in Human Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Bioequivalence Study. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:1753265. [PMID: 32724701 PMCID: PMC7382726 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1753265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN), an organic nitrate vasodilator, has been widely used worldwide to prevent angina pectoris for more than two decades. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of 5-ISMN in human plasma. 13C6-5-ISMN is an internal standard, and 5-ISMN was extracted from human plasma (50 µL) with ethyl acetate (200 µL) by a simple liquid-liquid extraction method. The chromatographic separation was carried out on LC-20A (Shimadzu, Japan) using an analytical column ZORBAX XDB-C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 µm), coupled with API 4000 tandem mass spectrometers in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile (organic phase A) and 2 mM ammonium acetate in water (aqueous phase B) with an isocratic elution of A/B = 90 : 10 (v/v). The total run time was 3.5 min with a small injection volume (5 µL). This method was fully validated in every aspect of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery, and different stabilities. It was proved that the calibration standards within the 5.00-1000 ng/mL concentration range were linear. The lower limit of quantification was 5.00 ng/mL for 5-ISMN. The intrabatch and interbatch accuracy (RE) ranged from -8.8% to 7.1% with precision between 2.4% and 6.6%. The mean values of 5-ISMN extraction recovery and matrix effect were 87.0% and 102.0%, respectively. The fully validated method was successfully applied for a bioequivalence clinical trial of oral 20 mg 5-ISMN tablets in healthy Chinese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Zhou
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Aijing Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ranran Jia
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengyi Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ni Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhihui Han
- Livzon Group Medical Clinical Research Center, Zhuhai 519020, China
| | - Haitang Hu
- Livzon Group Medical Clinical Research Center, Zhuhai 519020, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qing He
- Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
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