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Chang MC, Lin DPC, Chang HH. Hepatic Satellite Cell Activation and Alteration of Vitamin A Status Are Relevant to the Aggravation of Retinopathy by T2DM. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2025; 66:7. [PMID: 39903179 PMCID: PMC11801389 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.66.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to diabetic retinopathy (DR) and hepatic impairments. The potential mutual interaction and the intermediator between these two injuries are not well elucidated. Both the retina and liver are involved in vitamin A metabolism, suggesting a potential involvement of vitamin A and its metabolites in this mutual interaction. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of either DR or hepatic impairment on the pathogenesis and vitamin A status of each during injury progression. Methods A streptozotocin (STZ)-high-fat diet (HFD)-induced T2DM rodent model was applied to examine via electroretinography (ERG) retinal and hepatic histopathology at 0, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 30 weeks after T2DM induction. The levels of retinol in the retina, liver, serum, all-trans-retinal in the retina, and retinyl palmitate in the liver were measured at various time points after T2DM induction. Results Retinal dysfunction, evidenced by reduced ERG responses, appeared at week 12, followed by photoreceptor and ganglion cell damage after the 16th week. Hepatic impairments began with hepatic stellate cell activation and decreased retinyl palmitate storage, concurrent with reduced retinal retinol and increased all-trans-retinal. Serum retinol levels remained stable, but reductions in transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) were found, likely disrupting vitamin A transport in the serum. Conclusions These results provide novel insights into hepatic injury and vitamin A status, implicating both in the aggravation of retinopathy under the influence of T2DM. The current results may raise clinical awareness on hepatic issues and vitamin A involvement during DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chun Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - David Pei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsin Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Butler Tjaden NE, Shannon SR, Seidel CW, Childers M, Aoto K, Sandell LL, Trainor PA. Rdh10-mediated Retinoic Acid Signaling Regulates the Neural Crest Cell Microenvironment During ENS Formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.01.23.634504. [PMID: 39896510 PMCID: PMC11785139 DOI: 10.1101/2025.01.23.634504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is formed from vagal neural crest cells (NCC), which generate most of the neurons and glia that regulate gastrointestinal function. Defects in the migration or differentiation of NCC in the gut can result in gastrointestinal disorders such as Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). Although mutations in many genes have been associated with the etiology of HSCR, a significant proportion of affected individuals have an undetermined genetic diagnosis. Therefore, it's important to identify new genes, modifiers and environmental factors that regulate ENS development and disease. Rdh10 catalyzes the first oxidative step in the metabolism of vitamin A to its active metabolite, RA, and is therefore a central regulator of vitamin A metabolism and retinoic acid (RA) synthesis during embryogenesis. We discovered that retinol dehydrogenase 10 (Rdh10) loss-of-function mouse embryos exhibit intestinal aganglionosis, characteristic of HSCR. Vagal NCC form and migrate in Rdh10 mutant embryos but fail to invade the foregut. Rdh10 is highly expressed in the mesenchyme surrounding the entrance to the foregut and is essential between E7.5-E9.5 for NCC invasion into the gut. Comparative RNA-sequencing revealed downregulation of the Ret-Gdnf-Gfrα1 gene signaling network in Rdh10 mutants, which is critical for vagal NCC chemotaxis. Furthermore, the composition of the extracellular matrix through which NCC migrate is also altered, in part by increased collagen deposition. Collectively this restricts NCC entry into the gut, demonstrating that Rdh10-mediated vitamin A metabolism and RA signaling pleiotropically regulates the NCC microenvironment during ENS formation and in the pathogenesis of intestinal aganglionosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E. Butler Tjaden
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Stephen R. Shannon
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | | - Melissa Childers
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Kazushi Aoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan 431-3192
| | - Lisa L. Sandell
- University of Louisville, Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Louisville, KY, 40201, USA
| | - Paul A. Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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3
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Zhao Y, Xu X, Cai H, Wu W, Wang Y, Huang C, Qin H, Mo S. Identification of potential biomarkers from amino acid transporter in the activation of hepatic stellate cells via bioinformatics. Front Genet 2024; 15:1499915. [PMID: 39698464 PMCID: PMC11652522 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1499915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiopathogenesis of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation has yet to be completely comprehended, and there has been broad concern about the interplay between amino acid transporter and cell proliferation. This study proposed exploring the molecular mechanism from amino acid transport-related genes in HSC activation by bioinformatic methods, seeking to identify the potentially crucial biomarkers. METHODS GSE68000, the mRNA expression profile dataset of activated HSC, was applied as the training dataset, and GSE67664 as the validation dataset. Differently expressed amino acid transport-related genes (DEAATGs), GO, DO, and KEGG analyses were utilized. We applied the protein-protein interaction analysis and machine learning of LASSO and random forests to identify the target genes. Moreover, single-gene GESA was executed to investigate the potential functions of target genes via the KEGG pathway terms. Then, a ceRNA network and a drug-gene interaction network were constructed. Ultimately, correlation analysis was explored between target genes and collagen alpha I (COL1A), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and immune checkpoints. RESULTS We identified 15 DEAATGs, whose enrichment analyses indicated that they were primarily enriched in the transport and metabolic process of amino acids. Moreover, two target genes (SLC7A5 and SLC1A5) were recognized from the PPI network and machine learning, confirmed through the validation dataset. Then single-gene GESA analysis revealed that SLC7A5 and SLC1A5 had a significant positive correlation to ECM-receptor interaction, cell cycle, and TGF-β signaling pathway and negative association with retinol metabolism conversely. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of target genes was closely correlated with the COL1A and α-SMA, as well as immune checkpoints. Additionally, 12 potential therapeutic drugs were in the drug-gene interaction network, and the ceRNA network was constructed and visualized. CONCLUSION SLC7A5 and SLC1A5, with their relevant molecules, could be potentially vital biomarkers for the activation of HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Huaiyang Cai
- Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Wenhong Wu
- Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Heping Qin
- Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Shuangyang Mo
- Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
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Wang Y, Ding C. Effect of Electrohydrodynamic Drying on Drying Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties of Carrot. Foods 2023; 12:4228. [PMID: 38231695 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying technology on the drying kinetics, microstructure, quality, and nutritional components of carrots, along with conducting experiments on EHD drying under different voltage gradients. The experimental results showed that EHD drying technology could significantly increase the drying rate and the effective moisture diffusion coefficient. Within a certain range, the drying rate was directly proportional to the voltage. When the range was exceeded, the increase in voltage had a minimal effect on the drying rate. In terms of quality, the EHD drying group's color, shrinkage rate, and rehydration performance were superior to the control group, and different voltages had no significant effect on the shrinkage rate and rehydration performance. The retention of carotenoids in the EHD drying group was 1.58 to 2 times that of the control group. EHD drying had a negative impact on the total phenolic content and vitamin A content of dried carrot slices. Based on the results of infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the dehydrated carrot slices showed wrinkling due to water loss, with numerous pores, a generally intact structure, and retained functional groups. EHD drying had a significant impact on the secondary structure of proteins, where an increase in voltage led to an increase in disordered structure, with a smaller proportion of disordered structure in the lower voltage group compared to the control group, and a similar proportion of disordered structure between the higher voltage group and the control group. Results from low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed that EHD drying could retain more bound water compared to the control group, with the best retention of cellular bound water at a voltage of 26 kV and the best retention of cellular immobilized water at a voltage of 38 kV, indicating the superiority of EHD drying in preserving cellular structure. This study provided a theoretical basis and experimental foundation for the application of electrohydrodynamic drying technology to carrot drying, and promoted the practical application of EHD drying technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghong Wang
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Changjiang Ding
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for development and growth as well as cellular metabolism. Through genomic and nongenomic actions, RA regulates a variety of physiological functions. Dysregulation of RA signaling is associated with many diseases. Targeting RA signaling has been proven valuable to human health. All-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy are the standard treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Both human and animal studies have shown a significant relationship between RA signaling and the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review article, we will first summarize vitamin A metabolism and then focus on the role of RA signaling in NAFLD. AtRA inhibits the development and progression of NAFLD via regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, thermogenesis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima N Cassim Bawa
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
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Zhong Z, Li HY, Zhong H, Lin W, Lin S, Zhou T. All-trans retinoic acid regulating angiopoietins-1 and alleviating extracellular matrix accumulation in interstitial fibrosis rats. Ren Fail 2021; 43:658-663. [PMID: 33820492 PMCID: PMC8032328 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1910046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is one of essentially active metabolite of vitamin A, and plays an important role in diverse physiological processes, such as cellular growth and function. Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a common pathological characteristic of chronic renal disease causing end-stage renal disease currently lacking effective treatment. Low level of Angiopoietins-1 (Angpt-1) is associated with extracellular matrix accumulation and fibrosis diseases. This study was performed to assess the association of ATRA with Angpt-1 in RIF disease. Rats were divided into three groups: group of sham (SHO group), group of unilateral ureteral obstruction group (UUO group), UUO mice administrated daily at the dose of ATRA (ATRA group). Masson-staining was used to detect the histologic lesion. Immunohistochemistry and Western-blot were applied to determine the targeted proteins. RIF score was significantly increased in UUO rats when compared with that of SHO group, and the fibrosis score was notably reduced in ATRA group. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), collagen IV (Col-IV) and fibronectin (FN) expressions in UUO group were significantly up-regulated, whereas Angpt-1 expression was significantly down-regulated compared with the SHO group. ATRA treatment reduced TGF-β1, Col-IV and FN expressions and improved Angpt-1 expression compared with the UUO group. The protein expression of Angpt-1 in kidney tissue of UUO group was negatively correlated with RIF index and protein expressions of Col-IV, FN and TGF-β1. In conclusion, low expression of Angpt-1 was associated with the RIF disease and ATRA treatment can increase the Angpt-1 and alleviate the RIF lesion in UUO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenshan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shujun Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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7
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Berner D, Hoja U, Zenkel M, Ross JJ, Uebe S, Paoli D, Frezzotti P, Rautenbach RM, Ziskind A, Williams SE, Carmichael TR, Ramsay M, Topouzis F, Chatzikyriakidou A, Lambropoulos A, Sundaresan P, Ayub H, Akhtar F, Qamar R, Zenteno JC, Cruz-Aguilar M, Astakhov YS, Dubina M, Wiggs J, Ozaki M, Kruse FE, Aung T, Reis A, Khor CC, Pasutto F, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. The protective variant rs7173049 at LOXL1 locus impacts on retinoic acid signaling pathway in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 28:2531-2548. [PMID: 30986821 PMCID: PMC6644155 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1) has been identified as the major effect locus in pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, a fibrotic disorder of the extracellular matrix and frequent cause of chronic open-angle glaucoma. However, all known PEX-associated common variants show allele effect reversal in populations of different ancestry, casting doubt on their biological significance. Based on extensive LOXL1 deep sequencing, we report here the identification of a common non-coding sequence variant, rs7173049A>G, located downstream of LOXL1, consistently associated with a decrease in PEX risk (odds ratio, OR = 0.63; P = 6.33 × 10−31) in nine different ethnic populations. We provide experimental evidence for a functional enhancer-like regulatory activity of the genomic region surrounding rs7173049 influencing expression levels of ISLR2 (immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein 2) and STRA6 [stimulated by retinoic acid (RA) receptor 6], apparently mediated by allele-specific binding of the transcription factor thyroid hormone receptor beta. We further show that the protective rs7173049-G allele correlates with increased tissue expression levels of ISLR2 and STRA6 and that both genes are significantly downregulated in tissues of PEX patients together with other key components of the STRA6 receptor-driven RA signaling pathway. siRNA-mediated downregulation of RA signaling induces upregulation of LOXL1 and PEX-associated matrix genes in PEX-relevant cell types. These data indicate that dysregulation of STRA6 and impaired retinoid metabolism are involved in the pathophysiology of PEX syndrome and that the variant rs7173049-G, which represents the first common variant at the broad LOXL1 locus without allele effect reversal, mediates a protective effect through upregulation of STRA6 in ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Hoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Zenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - James Julian Ross
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Paoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Monfalcone Hospital, Gorizia, Italy
| | - Paolo Frezzotti
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Robyn M Rautenbach
- Division of Ophthalmology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ari Ziskind
- Division of Ophthalmology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susan E Williams
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Trevor R Carmichael
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michele Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthi Chatzikyriakidou
- Department of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Lambropoulos
- Department of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Periasamy Sundaresan
- Dr. G.Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India
| | - Humaira Ayub
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Farah Akhtar
- Pakistan Institute of Ophthalmology, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Juan C Zenteno
- Genetics Department, Institute of Ophthalmology 'Conde de Valenciana', Mexico City, Mexico.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisa Cruz-Aguilar
- Genetics Department, Institute of Ophthalmology 'Conde de Valenciana', Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yury S Astakhov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Dubina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia.,St Petersburg Academic University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Janey Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mineo Ozaki
- Ozaki Eye Hospital, Hyuga, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Friedrich E Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Khomich O, Ivanov AV, Bartosch B. Metabolic Hallmarks of Hepatic Stellate Cells in Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 9:24. [PMID: 31861818 PMCID: PMC7016711 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a regenerative process that occurs after injury. It is characterized by the deposition of connective tissue by specialized fibroblasts and concomitant proliferative responses. Chronic damage that stimulates fibrogenic processes in the long-term may result in the deposition of excess matrix tissue and impairment of liver functions. End-stage fibrosis is referred to as cirrhosis and predisposes strongly to the loss of liver functions (decompensation) and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis is a pathology common to a number of different chronic liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. The predominant cell type responsible for fibrogenesis is hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In response to inflammatory stimuli or hepatocyte death, HSCs undergo trans-differentiation to myofibroblast-like cells. Recent evidence shows that metabolic alterations in HSCs are important for the trans-differentiation process and thus offer new possibilities for therapeutic interventions. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the metabolic changes that occur during HSC activation with a particular focus on the retinol and lipid metabolism, the central carbon metabolism, and associated redox or stress-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Khomich
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, CEDEX 03, 69424 Lyon, France;
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Birke Bartosch
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, CEDEX 03, 69424 Lyon, France;
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9
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Wang S, Yu J, Kane MA, Moise AR. Modulation of retinoid signaling: therapeutic opportunities in organ fibrosis and repair. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 205:107415. [PMID: 31629008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, is an important signaling molecule during embryonic development serving critical roles in morphogenesis, organ patterning and skeletal and neural development. Retinoic acid is also important in postnatal life in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, while retinoid-based therapies have long been used in the treatment of a variety of cancers and skin disorders. As the number of people living with chronic disorders continues to increase, there is great interest in extending the use of retinoid therapies in promoting the maintenance and repair of adult tissues. However, there are still many conflicting results as we struggle to understand the role of retinoic acid in the multitude of processes that contribute to tissue injury and repair. This review will assess our current knowledge of the role retinoic acid signaling in the development of fibroblasts, and their transformation to myofibroblasts, and of the potential use of retinoid therapies in the treatment of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
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10
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Attenuates Fibrotic Processes by Downregulating TGF-β1/Smad3 in Early Diabetic Nephropathy. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100525. [PMID: 31557800 PMCID: PMC6843855 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves damage associated to hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Renal fibrosis is a major pathologic feature of DN. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-fibrogenic and renoprotective effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in isolated glomeruli and proximal tubules of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/Kg). ATRA (1 mg/Kg) was administered daily by gavage, from days 3–21 after STZ injection. ATRA attenuated kidney injury through the reduction of proteinuria, renal hypertrophy, increase in natriuresis, as well as early markers of damage such as β2-microglobulin, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). The following parameters increased: macrophage infiltration, localization of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive cells in renal tissue, and pro-fibrotic proteins such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), laminin beta 1 (LAM-β1), and collagens IV and I. Remarkably, ATRA treatment ameliorated these alterations and attenuated expression and nuclear translocation of Smad3, with increment of glomerular and tubular Smad7. The diabetic condition decreased expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-α) through phosphorylation in serine residues mediated by the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). ATRA administration restored the expression of RAR-α and inhibited direct interactions of JNK/RAR-α. ATRA prevented fibrogenesis through down-regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling.
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11
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Koop AH, Mousa OY, Pham LE, Corral-Hurtado JE, Pungpapong S, Keaveny AP. An Argument for Vitamin D, A, and Zinc Monitoring in Cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:920-932. [PMID: 30600288 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition is prevalent in cirrhosis. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies, including vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc, are common and have been shown to correlate with survival. Our aim was to review the mechanisms of vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies in cirrhosis and the clinical assessment of affected patients, their outcomes based on the current literature, and management. This is a narrative review including the relevant literature for cirrhosis and vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies. Vitamin D deficiency has important effects in cirrhosis, regardless of the cause of chronic liver disease.These effects include associations with fibrosis and outcomes such as infections, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with liver disease progression to cirrhosis and clinical decompensation, including occurrence of ascites or hepatic encephalopathy. Zinc deficiency can lead to hepatic encephalopathy and impaired immune function. Such deficiencies correlate with patient survival and disease severity. Caution should be applied when replacing vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc to avoid toxicity. Identification and appropriate treatment of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in cirrhosis may reduce specific nutritional and cirrhosis-related adverse events. Routine monitoring of vitamin A, vitamin D and zinc levels in cirrhosis should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree H Koop
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Omar Y Mousa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ly Elaine Pham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Surakit Pungpapong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Keaveny
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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12
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Rouzaire M, Comptour A, Belville C, Bouvier D, Clairefond G, Ponelle F, Sapin V, Gallot D, Blanchon L. All-trans retinoic acid promotes wound healing of primary amniocytes through the induction of LOXL4, a member of the lysyl oxidase family. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:10-19. [PMID: 27769742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thirty percent of preterm births directly result from preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes (PPROM). Clinical management currently proposes using a collagen plug to mechanically stop loss of amniotic fluid. Vitamin A and its active metabolite (retinoic acid) have well-known pro-healing properties and could thus make good candidates as a proposable adjuvant to this mechanical approach. Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the pro-healing properties of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) in fetal membranes via an approach using an in vitro primary amniocyte wound model and transcriptomics. The results demonstrate that atRA promotes migration in primary amniocytes, improving wound healing in vitro by up to 90%. This effect is mediated by the induction of LOXL4, which plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the extracellular matrix by regulating collagen reticulation. This new insight into how atRA exerts its pro-healing properties prompts us to propose using atRA as a candidate strategy to help prevent future PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rouzaire
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Comptour
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Belville
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Auvergne University, GReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Bouvier
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gaël Clairefond
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Flora Ponelle
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Denis Gallot
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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Aydemir G, Kasiri Y, Bartók EM, Birta E, Fröhlich K, Böhm V, Mihaly J, Rühl R. Lycopene supplementation restores vitamin A deficiency in mice and possesses thereby partial pro-vitamin A activity transmitted via RAR signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2413-2420. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Aydemir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Yasamin Kasiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Emöke-Márta Bartók
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Eszter Birta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Kati Fröhlich
- Institute of Nutrition; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutrition; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Johanna Mihaly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT; Debrecen Hungary
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Faculty of Public Health University Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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14
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Cha JH, Yu QM, Seo JS. Vitamin A supplementation modifies the antioxidant system in rats. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 10:26-32. [PMID: 26865913 PMCID: PMC4742307 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It has been shown that vitamin A supplementation has different effects on skeletal health and the antioxidant system. Deficiency or excess of this vitamin can lead to health problems. Vitamin A can work as either an antioxidant or prooxidant depending on its concentration. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of vitamin A supplementation on the antioxidant system in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS Forty Spargue-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups according to the dose of vitamin A received: 0 (A0), 4,000 (A1), 8,000 (A2), and 20,000 (A3) IU retinyl palmitate/kg diet. After a feeding period of 4 wks, lipid peroxide levels, glutathione concentration, antioxidant enzyme activities, and vitamins A and E concentrations were measured. Histopathological changes were observed in rat liver tissue using an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS Lipid peroxide levels in plasma were significantly decreased in the A1 and A2 groups compared to the A0 rats. Erythrocyte catalase and hepatic superoxide dismutase activities of the A2 group were significantly higher than those of the A0 group. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in the A3 group compared to the other groups. Total glutathione concentrations were significantly higher in the A1 and A2 groups than in the A0 group. Histological examination of liver tissue showed that excessive supplementation of vitamin A might lead to lipid droplet accumulation and nuclear membrane deformation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that appropriate supplementation of vitamin A might have a beneficial effect on the antioxidant system in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Cha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Qi-Ming Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
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15
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Weiskirchen R, Tacke F. Cellular and molecular functions of hepatic stellate cells in inflammatory responses and liver immunology. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2015; 3:344-63. [PMID: 25568859 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a central immunological organ. Liver resident macrophages, Kupffer cells (KC), but also sinusoidal endothelial cells, dendritic cells (DC) and other immune cells are involved in balancing immunity and tolerance against pathogens, commensals or food antigens. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been primarily characterized as the main effector cells in liver fibrosis, due to their capacity to transdifferentiate into collagen-producing myofibroblasts (MFB). More recent studies elucidated the fundamental role of HSC in liver immunology. HSC are not only the major storage site for dietary vitamin A (Vit A) (retinol, retinoic acid), which is essential for proper function of the immune system. This pericyte further represents a versatile source of many soluble immunological active factors including cytokines [e.g., interleukin 17 (IL-17)] and chemokines [C-C motif chemokine (ligand) 2 (CCL2)], may act as an antigen presenting cell (APC), and has autophagy activity. Additionally, it responds to many immunological triggers via toll-like receptors (TLR) (e.g., TLR4, TLR9) and transduces signals through pathways and mediators traditionally found in immune cells, including the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway or inflammasome activation. Overall, HSC promote rather immune-suppressive responses in homeostasis, like induction of regulatory T cells (Treg), T cell apoptosis (via B7-H1, PDL-1) or inhibition of cytotoxic CD8 T cells. In conditions of liver injury, HSC are important sensors of altered tissue integrity and initiators of innate immune cell activation. Vice versa, several immune cell subtypes interact directly or via soluble mediators with HSC. Such interactions include the mutual activation of HSC (towards MFB) and macrophages or pro-apoptotic signals from natural killer (NK), natural killer T (NKT) and gamma-delta T cells (γδ T-cells) on activated HSC. Current directions of research investigate the immune-modulating functions of HSC in the environment of liver tumors, cellular heterogeneity or interactions promoting HSC deactivation during resolution of liver fibrosis. Understanding the role of HSC as central regulators of liver immunology may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- 1 Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, 2 Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- 1 Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, 2 Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Fang J, Wang W, Sun S, Wang Y, Li Q, Lu X, Hao Z, Zhang Y. A urine metabonomics study of chronic renal failure and intervention effects of total aglycone extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis in 5/6 nephrectomy rats. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12710f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to clarify the pathogenesis of CRF and action mechanism of TAES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Fang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
- MacroStat (China) Clinical Research Co., Ltd
| | - Shujun Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Qianhua Li
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology
- Shanghai University of Traditional
- Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Laboratories of Biological Pharmaceutical
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
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17
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Barber T, Esteban-Pretel G, Marín MP, Timoneda J. Vitamin a deficiency and alterations in the extracellular matrix. Nutrients 2014; 6:4984-5017. [PMID: 25389900 PMCID: PMC4245576 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A or retinol which is the natural precursor of several biologically active metabolites can be considered the most multifunctional vitamin in mammals. Its deficiency is currently, along with protein malnutrition, the most serious and common nutritional disorder worldwide. It is necessary for normal embryonic development and postnatal tissue homeostasis, and exerts important effects on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. These actions are produced mainly by regulating the expression of a variety of proteins through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Extracellular matrix proteins are among those whose synthesis is known to be modulated by vitamin A. Retinoic acid, the main biologically active form of vitamin A, influences the expression of collagens, laminins, entactin, fibronectin, elastin and proteoglycans, which are the major components of the extracellular matrix. Consequently, the structure and macromolecular composition of this extracellular compartment is profoundly altered as a result of vitamin A deficiency. As cell behavior, differentiation and apoptosis, and tissue mechanics are influenced by the extracellular matrix, its modifications potentially compromise organ function and may lead to disease. This review focuses on the effects of lack of vitamin A in the extracellular matrix of several organs and discusses possible molecular mechanisms and pathologic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Barber
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda V. Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Esteban-Pretel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda V. Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Spain.
| | - María Pilar Marín
- Unidad de Microscopía IIS La Fe Valencia, Avda Campanar, 21, 46009-Valencia, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Timoneda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda V. Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Spain.
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18
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Zhou TB, Drummen GPC, Qin YH. The controversial role of retinoic acid in fibrotic diseases: analysis of involved signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 14:226-243. [PMID: 23344030 PMCID: PMC3565260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases, such as liver, pulmonary and renal fibrosis, are common end-stage conditions and represent a major global health problem. Furthermore, effective therapeutic measures are presently unavailable. Extracellular matrix accumulation is the most prominent characteristic in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. Retinoic acid, including all-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis and 13-cis retinoic acid, play important roles in various physiological processes, such as in embryonic development, reproduction, vision, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation. Present studies report that retinoic acid treatment may affect various processes involved in the onset and progression of fibrotic disease. However, the therapeutic effects of retinoic acid in such diseases remain controversial. Several reports indicate that retinoic acid positively affects the progression of fibrosis and alleviates the accumulation of the extracellular matrix, whereas other studies report the opposite; that retinoic acid exacerbates fibrosis and induces extracellular matrix accumulation. Signaling pathways might be an important influencing factor and differences in signaling events might be responsible for the contradictory role of retinoic acid in fibrotic diseases. Since there was no review available that investigated the role of retinoic acid and the signaling pathways involved, we retrospectively studied the literature and provide a comprehensive analysis of retinoic acid's role in fibrotic diseases, and provide an overview of the signal transduction pathways involved in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Gregor P. C. Drummen
- Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Bionanoscience and Bio-Imaging Program, Bio & Nano-Solutions, Helmutstr. 3A, Düsseldorf 40472, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Yuan-Han Qin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mail:
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Golini RS, Delgado SM, Navigatore Fonzo LS, Ponce IT, Lacoste MG, Anzulovich AC. Daily patterns of clock and cognition-related factors are modified in the hippocampus of vitamin A-deficient rats. Hippocampus 2012; 22:1720-32. [PMID: 22434687 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The circadian expression of clock and clock-controlled cognition-related genes in the hippocampus would be essential to achieve an optimal daily cognitive performance. There is some evidence that retinoid nuclear receptors (RARs and RXRs) can regulate circadian gene expression in different tissues. In this study, Holtzman male rats from control and vitamin A-deficient groups were sacrificed throughout a 24-h period and hippocampus samples were isolated every 4 or 5 h. RARα and RXRβ expression level was quantified and daily expression patterns of clock BMAL1, PER1, RORα, and REVERB genes, RORα and REVERB proteins, as well as temporal expression of cognition-related RC3 and BDNF genes were determined in the hippocampus of the two groups of rats. Our results show significant daily variations of BMAL1, PER1, RORα, and REVERB genes, RORα and REVERB proteins and, consequently, daily oscillating expression of RC3 and BDNF genes in the rat hippocampus. Vitamin A deficiency reduced RXRβ mRNA level as well as the amplitude of PER1, REVERB gene, and REVERB protein rhythms, and phase-shifted the daily peaks of BMAL1 and RORα mRNA, RORα protein, and RC3 and BDNF mRNA levels. Thus, nutritional factors, such as vitamin A and its derivatives the retinoids, might modulate daily patterns of BDNF and RC3 expression in the hippocampus, and they could be essential to maintain an optimal daily performance at molecular level in this learning-and-memory-related brain area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca S Golini
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research - San Luis, Argentina
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20
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Ponce IT, Rezza IG, Delgado SM, Navigatore LS, Bonomi MR, Golini RL, Gimenez MS, Anzulovich AC. Daily oscillation of glutathione redox cycle is dampened in the nutritional vitamin A deficiency. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2011; 43:351-372. [PMID: 22984325 DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2011.593847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Examples of hormonal phase-shifting of circadian gene expression began to emerge a few years ago. Vitamin A fulfills a hormonal function by binding of retinoic acid to its nuclear receptors, RARs and RXRs. We found retinoid- as well as clock-responsive sites on regulatory regions of Glutathione reductase (GR) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) genes. Interestingly, we observed retinoid receptors, as well as GSH, GR and GPx, display daily oscillating patterns in the rat liver. We also found that feeding animals with a vitamin A-free diet, dampened daily rhythms of RARα and RXRβ mRNA, GR expression and activity, GSH, BMAL1 protein levels and locomotor activity. Differently, day-night oscillations of RXRα, GPx mRNA levels and activity and PER1 protein levels, were phase-shifted in the liver of vitamin A-deficient rats. These observations would emphasize the importance of micronutrient vitamin A in the modulation of biological rhythms of GSH and cellular redox state in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Tamara Ponce
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL). Chacabuco y Pedernera, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
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21
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Gatica LV, Oliveros LB, Pérez Díaz MF, Domínguez NS, Fornes MW, Gimenez MS. Implication of vitamin A deficiency on vascular injury related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Effects on the ultrastructure of rat aorta. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:97-106. [PMID: 21512820 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency induces activation of NF-kB and impairs activities of antioxidant enzymes in aorta. AIM OF THE STUDY We study the effect of vitamin A deficiency on the aorta histoarchitecture and the possibly contribution of its prooxidant and inflammatory effects to artery alterations. METHODS Twenty-one-day-old Wistar male rats were fed during 3 months with vitamin A-deficient diet (-A, n = 8) or the same diet containing 8 mg of retinol palmitate/kg of diet (+A, control, n = 8). In aortas, thiobarbituric reactive substances and reduced glutathione levels were measured by spectrophotometry. Expressions of TNF-alpha, NOX-2, VCAM-1, and TGF-beta1 were assessed by RT-PCR and Western Blot. The morphology of aorta was examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS In -A rats, high levels of TBARS in serum and aorta and low levels of GSH in aorta were found. An increased expression of TNF-alpha, NOX-2, VCAM-1, and TGF-beta1 in aorta from -A rats was observed. Examination of the intimal layer by light microscopy indicated the presence of an irregular surface in -A aortas. TEM studies showed large vacuoles and multivesicular bodies along the endothelium and also multivesicular bodies in the subendothelial space of aortas from -A rats. Furthermore, the histological appearance of internal elastic lamina was different from control. Small vesicles in the medial layer were observed in aortas from vitamin A-deficient rats. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin A deficiency produces histoarchitectural alterations in aorta, which can be associated, at least in part, to the oxidative stress and inflammation induced by vitamin A deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Gatica
- Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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