Changes in cerebral glycogenolysis and related enzymes in diazinon treated hyperglycaemic animals

The effect of diazinon on blood glucose homeostasis: a systematic and meta-analysis study

Though evidence exists on the association between diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate pesticide, with hyperglycemia, contrasting reports also exist. Herein, we performed a systematic and meta-analysis study to address this issue. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science up to April 5, 2020, searching for animal studies (rodents and fish) that assessed the impact of DZN on blood glucose concentration. The risk of bias was assessed by the SYRCLE's RoB scale. Once each article's quality was assessed, a random-effects meta-regression was used to pool the data into a meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated with the I square and Q test. Random-effect meta-analysis of 19 studies (I² = 90.5%, p < 0.001) indicated low heterogeneity between the studies. DZN significantly increased blood glucose levels in the exposed versus control groups (95% CI: 2.46-4.94; Z = 5.86; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that the effect of high-dose (3.40 (95% CI: 2.03-4.76)) DZN on changes in blood glucose was more pronounced than in the low dose (4.83 (95% CI: 1.56-8.11)). It was also ascertained that the blood glucose level was significantly higher in females (3.55 (95% CI: 2.21-4.89)) versus males (4.87 (95% CI: 0.20-9.55)) exposed to DZN. No publication bias was observed. Sensitivity analysis showed the robustness of the (standardized mean differences: 3.26-4.03). Our findings establish an association between DZN exposure and hyperglycemia in rodents and fish, which is both dose- and gender-dependent.

Occupational pesticides exposure of sprayers of grape gardens in western Maharashtra (India): effects on liver and kidney function

We compared hematologic parameters and liver and kidney function tests in occupationally exposed pesticide sprayers of grape gardens (n = 60) and normal healthy participants (n = 30), 20-45 years of age, in Western Maharashtra (India). Venous blood samples were collected from both groups. Compared with control participants, sprayers showed the following-significantly increased serum C reactive protein (117.6%), liver function marker enzymes-serum aspartate transaminase (57%), alanine transaminase (37.4%), alkaline phosphatase (16.9%), serum bilirubin (41.8%), creatinine (18.4%), blood glucose (11.4%), and urea (13.%); and decreased acetyl cholinesterase activity (30.9%) and serum cholesterol (12.12%). Serum total protein, globulin, and the A/G ratio were not significantly altered, however, but serum albumin decreased slightly (3.3%, P <.05). Compared with the control group, hematologic parameters significantly decreased in sprayers-hemoglobin (6.9%), hematocrit (3%), mean corpuscular volume (3.8%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (4.5%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (5.8%), and red blood cell count (7.7%), whereas the white blood cell count increased (18.2%). The decreased serum acetyl cholinesterase value indicates a high degree of pesticides absorption, which leads to impairment of liver and kidney functions and slightly altered hematologic parameters in the occupationally exposed pesticides sprayers of grape gardens studied here.