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Kiang JG, Zhai M, Lin B, Smith JT, Anderson MN, Jiang S. Co-Therapy of Pegylated G-CSF and Ghrelin for Enhancing Survival After Exposure to Lethal Radiation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628018. [PMID: 33603673 PMCID: PMC7884820 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (radiation injury, RI) in nuclear-related episode is evident to be life-threatening. RI occurs at levels of organs, tissues, cytosols, or nucleus. Their mechanisms are still not fully understood. FDA approves pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Neulasta™, Peg-G-CSF) for acute hematopoietic syndrome and has been shown to save lives after lethal RI. We aimed to test whether Ghrelin enhanced Peg-G-CSF's efficacy to save more lives after lethal RI. B6D2F1/J female mice were used for the study. They received 9.5 Gy (LD50/30 at 0.4 Gy/min) emitted from the 60Co-γ-photon radiation facility. Peg-G-CSF was injected subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg once on days 1, 8, and 15 after irradiation. Ghrelin contains 28 amino acid and is a hunger peptide that has been shown to stimulate food intake, promote intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, elevates immunity, inhibits brain hemorrhage, and increases stress-coping. Ghrelin was injected subcutaneously at 113 μg/kg once on days 1, 2, and 3 after irradiation. Survival, body weight, water consumption, hematology, spleen weight, splenocytes, bone marrow cells, and histology of bone marrow and ileum were performed. We observed that radiation resulted in 30-days survival by 30%. RI decreased their body weights and water consumption volumes. On the 30th day post-RI, platelets and WBCs such as basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and leukocytes were still significantly decreased in surviving mice. Likewise, their RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and splenocytes remained low; splenomegaly was found in these mice. Bone marrow in surviving RI animals maintained low cellularity with high counts of fat cells and low counts of megakaryocytes. Meanwhile, ileum histology displayed injury. However, mice co-treated with both drugs 24 h after RI resulted in 30-days survival by 45% above the vehicle group. Additionally, the body-weight loss was mitigated, the acute radiation syndrome was reduced. This co-therapy significantly increased neutrophils, eosinophils, leukocytes, and platelets in circulation, inhibited splenomegaly, and increased bone marrow cells. Histopathological analysis showed significant improvement on bone marrow cellularity and ileum morphology. In conclusion, the results provide a proof of concept and suggest that the co-therapy of Peg-G-CSF and Ghrelin is efficacious to ameliorate RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann G. Kiang
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Min Zhai
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bin Lin
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joan T. Smith
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marsha N. Anderson
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Suping Jiang
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Cui S, Nian Q, Chen G, Wang X, Zhang J, Qiu J, Zhang Z. Ghrelin ameliorates A549 cell apoptosis caused by paraquat via p38-MAPK regulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Toxicology 2019; 426:152267. [PMID: 31381934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat has relatively strong detrimental effects on humans and animals and can cause acute lung injury with high mortality. Ghrelin is a brain-gut peptide which plays important roles in regulating various physiological processes. This study investigated whether ghrelin could inhibit paraquat-induced lung injuries and attempted to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms. A549 cells were preincubated with different concentrations of ghrelin and then treated with 200 μM of PQ for 24 h. Then cell survival, apoptosis, cellular oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of A549 cells were detected after different treatments. Subsequently, we analyzed the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and measured caspase-3 activation in A549 cells. In addition, we investigated the activation of the MAPKs pathway and the function of p38-MAPK within mitochondrial apoptosis. Our study indicated that ghrelin administration improved cell viability and reduced apoptosis of PQ-treated A549 cells dose-dependently. Ghrelin treatment reduced the elevation of ROS and MDA, while improved GSH content in A549 cells after paraquat exposure. Moreover, we found that ghrelin dose-dependently increased ΔΨm and decreased caspase-3 activity. The phosphorylated p38 MAPK and JNK levels elevated following PQ exposure, while the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK decreased following ghrelin pretreatment. p38 MAPK siRNA or SB203580 pretreatment ameliorated PQ-caused cell injury and apoptosis related signals, however, the intracellular ROS production was not affected. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a classic antioxidant pretreatment decreased the phosphorylated p38 MAPK level and intracellular ROS production, alleviated cell injury, and inhibited apoptosis. The results showed that p38-MAPK pathway plays an important role in PQ-caused alveolar epithelial cell insult, and ghrelin might attenuate PQ-induced cell injury by inhibiting ROS-induced p38-MAPK modulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Cui
- Standardized Residency Training Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Qing Nian
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Vascular Intervention, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Xingyong Wang
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Jianqing Qiu
- Department of Emergency, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China.
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Yanagimoto Y, Takiguchi S, Miyazaki Y, Makino T, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Yamasaki M, Miyata H, Nakajima K, Hosoda H, Kangawa K, Mori M, Doki Y. Improvement of cisplatin-related renal dysfunction by synthetic ghrelin: a prospective randomised phase II trial. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1318-25. [PMID: 27253174 PMCID: PMC4984476 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid peptide predominantly produced by the stomach, exerts powerful renal protective effects by increasing levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ghrelin on the incidence of renal dysfunction in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Methods: Forty patients with oesophageal cancer receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy were assigned to either the ghrelin group (n=20), which received ghrelin (0.5 μg kg−1 h−1) for 5 days, or a placebo group (n=20). The primary endpoint was serum creatinine. Secondary endpoints were serum cystatin C, chemotherapy-related adverse events, changes in serum ghrelin-related hormone levels, correlation between markers of renal injury and hormone concentrations, and effects on the second cycle of chemotherapy. Results: Blood acyl ghrelin, total ghrelin, and IGF-1 concentrations on day 4 were significantly higher in the ghrelin group. The renal dysfunction, serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, dose reduction, and delay in the initiation of the second cycle of chemotherapy were lower in the ghrelin group than in the control group. Serum creatinine levels were significantly correlated with serum IGF-1 levels. Conclusion: Continuous synthetic ghrelin administration during cisplatin-based chemotherapy attenuated renal dysfunction and harmful effects on subsequent chemotherapy, possibly by increasing IGF-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Yanagimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita 565-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita 565-8565, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, E-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Yanagimoto Y, Takiguchi S, Miyazaki Y, Makino T, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Yamasaki M, Miyata H, Nakajima K, Mori M, Doki Y. Plasma ghrelin levels as a predictor of adverse renal events due to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46:421-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Yanagimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
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Chen P, Lv NH. Diagnostic and therapeutic value of Ghrelin in digestive diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3247-3253. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i20.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a 28 amino-acid multi-functional peptide hormone, which was identified as a natural ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin has been found in the stomach, intestine, pancreas and liver. In recent years, the application value of Ghrelin in digestive system diseases has attracted wide attention, especially in the protection of liver damage, assessment of the severity of pancreatitis, and evaluation of the activity and prognosis of peptic ulcer, gastritis and inflammatory bowel disease, and the occurrence and progression of gastrointestinal cancer. In this paper, we review the recent advance in understanding the role of Ghrelin in digestive diseases.
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Koyuturk M, Sacan O, Karabulut S, Turk N, Bolkent S, Yanardag R, Bolkent S. The role of ghrelin on apoptosis, cell proliferation and oxidant-antioxidant system in the liver of neonatal diabetic rats. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:834-41. [PMID: 25789445 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone which stimulates appetite and regulates glucose metabolism and adipogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ghrelin has protective effects in the liver of streptozocin (STZ) diabetic rats or not. Wistar-type neonatal rats were divided into four groups: I. Controls, II. Ghrelin administrated controls, III. STZ-diabetic rats, and IV. Ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. On the second day after birth, 100 mg/kg STZ was administered intraperitoneally in a single dose to induce diabetes in rats. 100 µg/kg/day ghrelin was administrated to rats subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Ghrelin administration improved histopathologic changes in STZ-diabetic liver. Obestatin immunoreactivity has been shown in livers of neonatal rats. The immunoreactivity of obestatin increased in diabetic rats and a decline was observed in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. Caspase 8 and 3 immunoreactivities increased in diabetic rats; however, ghrelin administration differently affected caspases 8 and 3 immunoreactivities. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivities decreased in diabetic rats and in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. Serum alanine (P < 0.05) and aspartate transaminase (P < 0.0001) and serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.0001) activities were decreased in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats compared to the diabetic rats. Gamma glutamyl transferase activity (P < 0.001) decreased in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats compared to the diabetic rats. The response of antioxidants including glutathione levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were altered in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. Our findings indicate that ghrelin administration affects hepatic functions in neonatal diabetic rats and might be considered as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Koyuturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Sacan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Turkey
| | - Sezin Karabulut
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Turk
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Turkey
| | - Sehnaz Bolkent
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Turkey
| | - Sema Bolkent
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Turkey
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