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Suzuki S, Gi M, Komiya M, Obikane A, Vachiraarunwong A, Fujioka M, Kakehashi A, Totsuka Y, Wanibuchi H. Evaluation of the Mechanisms Involved in the Development of Bladder Toxicity following Exposure to Occupational Bladder Cancer Causative Chemicals Using DNA Adductome Analysis. Biomolecules 2023; 14:36. [PMID: 38254636 PMCID: PMC10813811 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to aromatic amines (AAs) is an important risk factor for urinary bladder cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of AAs and analyze the carcinogenic mechanisms in rat bladder by comprehensive analysis of DNA adducts (DNA adductome). DNA was extracted from the bladder epithelia of rats treated with AAs, including acetoacet-o-toluidine (AAOT) and o-toluidine (OTD), and adductome analysis was performed. Principal component analysis-discriminant analysis revealed that OTD and AAOT observed in urinary bladder hyperplasia could be clearly separated from the controls and other AAs. After confirming the intensity of each adduct, four adducts were screened as having characteristics of the OTD/AAOT treatment. Comparing with the in-house DNA adduct database, three of four candidates were identified as oxidative DNA adducts, including 8-OH-dG, based on mass fragmentation together with high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) spectrometry data. Therefore, findings suggested that oxidative stress may be involved in the toxicity of rat bladder epithelium exposed to AAs. Consequently, the administration of apocynin, an inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, in six-week-old rats fed with 0.6% OTD in their diet resulted in simple hyperplastic lesions in the bladder that were suppressed by apocynin. The labeling indices of Ki67, γ-H2AX, and 8-OHdG were significantly decreased in an apocynin concentration-dependent manner. These findings indicate that oxidative stress may have contributed to the development of urinary cancer induced by OTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.V.); (M.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.V.); (M.F.); (A.K.)
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masami Komiya
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan;
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Asuka Obikane
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato 1110, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Arpamas Vachiraarunwong
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.V.); (M.F.); (A.K.)
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.V.); (M.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.V.); (M.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Yukari Totsuka
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan;
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (M.G.); (A.V.); (M.F.); (A.K.)
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Michiba A, Gi M, Yokohira M, Sakurai E, Teramoto A, Kiriyama Y, Yamada S, Wanibuchi H, Tsukamoto T. Early detection of genotoxic hepatocarcinogens in rats using γH2AX and Ki-67: prediction by machine learning. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:202-212. [PMID: 37527026 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct DNA double-strand breaks result in phosphorylation of H2AX, a variant of the histone H2 protein. Phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) may be a potential indicator in the evaluation of genotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenicity. In this study, γH2AX and Ki-67 were detected in the short-term responses (24 h after chemical administration) to classify genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (GHs) from non-GH chemicals. One hundred and thirty-five 6-week-old Crl: CD(SD) (SPF) male rats were treated with 22 chemicals including 11 GH and 11 non-GH, sacrificed 24 h later, and immunostained with γH2AX and Ki-67. Positivity rates of these markers were measured in the 3 liver ZONEs 1-3; portal, lobular, and central venous regions. These values were input into 3 machine learning models-Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and k-Nearest Neighbor to classify GH and non-GH using a 10-fold cross-validation method. All 11 and 10 out of 11 GH caused significant increase in γH2AX and Ki-67 levels, respectively (P < .05). Of the 3 machine learning models, Random Forest performed the best. GH were identified with 95.0% sensitivity (76/80 GH-treated rats), 90.9% specificity (50/55 non-GH-treated rats), and 90.0% overall correct response rate using γH2AX staining, and 96.2% sensitivity (77/80), 81.8% specificity (45/55), and 90.4% overall correct response rate using Ki-67 labeling. Random Forest model using γH2AX and Ki-67 could independently predict GH in the early stage with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Michiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Departments of Medical Education and Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Eiko Sakurai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Teramoto
- Faculty of Information Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Yuka Kiriyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Narita Memorial Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8029, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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Toyoda T, Ogawa K. Early detection of urinary bladder carcinogens in rats by immunohistochemistry for γ-H2AX: a review from analyses of 100 chemicals. J Toxicol Pathol 2022; 35:283-298. [PMID: 36406171 PMCID: PMC9647216 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2022-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In safety evaluations of chemicals, there is an urgent need to develop short-term methods to replace long-term carcinogenicity tests. We have reported that immunohistochemistry for γ-H2AX, a well-established biomarker of DNA damage, can detect bladder carcinogens at an early stage using histopathological specimens from 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity studies in rats. Given the markedly low level of γ-H2AX formation in the bladder urothelium of untreated rats, an increase in γ-H2AX-positive cells following chemical exposure can be relatively easy to identify. Among the 100 compounds examined to date, bladder carcinogens can be detected with high sensitivity (33/39; 84.6%) and specificity (58/61; 95.1%). As expected, γ-H2AX formation levels tended to be high following exposure to genotoxic bladder carcinogens, whereas nongenotoxic bladder carcinogens also increased the number of γ-H2AX-positive cells, probably through secondary DNA damage associated with sustained proliferative stimulation. γ-H2AX formation in the bladder urothelium reflects species differences in susceptibility to bladder carcinogenesis between rats and mice and shows a clear dose-dependency associated with the intensity of tumor development as well as high reproducibility. Some of the bladder carcinogens that showed false-negative results in the evaluation of γ-H2AX alone could be detected by combined evaluation with immunostaining for bladder stem cell markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1. This method may be useful for the early detection of bladder carcinogens, as it can be performed by simple addition of conventional immunostaining using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 28-day repeated-dose toxicity studies in rodents, which are commonly used in safety evaluations of chemical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
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Ogawa K, Ishii Y, Toyoda T. [Role and potential of histopathological specimens in the toxicological evaluation of pharmaceuticals and chemicals]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2022; 157:139-145. [PMID: 35228447 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the development of molecular-targeted drugs, the demand for utilization of histopathological specimens and pathological diagnosis is increasing in the field of clinical pathology. In particular, in case of companion diagnostics, the results of immunohistochemical staining have become beyond diagnostic assistance, definitive diagnosis, and now indispensable for selection of therapeutic agents. Histopathological examination also serves an important role in non-clinical toxicological evaluation. Particularly, it is pivotal for obtaining data on organ-specific toxicity and carcinogenicity. On the other hand, a weight of evidence approach is currently being considered in International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) S1 as an option to replace the 2-year rat carcinogenicity study, in which case the evaluation of the 26-week-repeated dose toxicity study will be more important. In this article, We would like to introduce the usefulness of γ-H2AX-based rat bladder carcinogenicity evaluation using histopathological specimens obtain from 28-day repeated-dose study and the application of mass spectrometric imaging currently under consideration in our laboratory, thus discuss the role of histopathological examination in non-clinical toxicological and safety evaluation and its future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
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Expression of stem cell markers as useful complementary factors in the early detection of urinary bladder carcinogens by immunohistochemistry for γ-H2AX. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:715-726. [PMID: 33211169 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that immunohistochemistry for γ-H2AX, a biomarker of DNA damage, is useful for early detection of urinary bladder carcinogens in rats. In a 28-day repeated-dose study, γ-H2AX was shown to have high sensitivity for detection of bladder carcinogens. However, no reports have evaluated whether a combination of multiple biomarkers may further improve sensitivity. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the applicability of bladder tissue and cancer stem cell markers, including cytokeratin 14 (KRT14), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), as complementary markers for early detection of bladder carcinogens. Bladder samples obtained from male F344 rats orally treated with 14 bladder carcinogens and five nonbladder carcinogens for 28 days were used for immunohistochemical analysis of stem cell markers. In the bladder carcinogen-treated rats, increases in KRT14, ALDH1A1, and CD44 expression were observed in 9, 10, and 10 out of 14 groups, respectively, whereas the five nonbladder carcinogens did not cause upregulation of these markers. Although most epithelial cells with KRT14 or ALDH1A1 expression were also positive for CD44, KRT14 and ALDH1A1 expression were mutually exclusive. Twelve bladder carcinogens showed increases in at least one of the three markers, indicating that the combined evaluation showed higher sensitivity than the use of individual markers alone. Importantly, two of three bladder carcinogens that did not induce γ-H2AX immunostaining showed stem cell marker expression. Our results demonstrated that these stem cell markers may be useful as complementary markers for γ-H2AX in evaluation of bladder carcinogens.
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Yamada T, Toyoda T, Matsushita K, Morikawa T, Ogawa K. Dose dependency of γ-H2AX formation in the rat urinary bladder treated with genotoxic and nongenotoxic bladder carcinogens. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1219-1227. [PMID: 32203627 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that immunostaining for γ-H2AX, a biomarker of DNA damage, in the rat urinary bladder is useful for early detection of bladder carcinogens in 28-day toxicity studies. Here, we aimed to examine the dose dependency of γ-H2AX formation in the urinary bladder of rats. Male F344 rats (aged 6 weeks) were orally administered N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN; 0%, 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.02%, or 0.05% in drinking water), a genotoxic bladder carcinogen, and melamine (0%, 0.3%, 1.0%, or 3.0% in the diet), a nongenotoxic bladder carcinogen, for 2 days or 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that γ-H2AX- and Ki67-positive epithelial cells in the bladder urothelium were significantly increased, with a clear dose dependency, in both BBN- and melamine-treated groups. Additionally, γ-H2AX formation was detected from the lower-dose group, without increased Ki67 expression or histopathologic findings. The ratios of γ-H2AX-positive cells at week 4 in both BBN- and melamine-treated groups were higher than those on day 2, indicating the time-dependent increase in γ-H2AX formation. Immunofluorescence double-staining revealed that γ-H2AX single-positive cells without Ki67 expression were often found in the urothelium of BBN-treated rats, whereas most γ-H2AX-positive cells were Ki67-positive in the melamine group. Our results demonstrated that γ-H2AX formation in the urinary bladder increased in a clear dose-dependent manner and that γ-H2AX immunostaining has the potential to detect bladder carcinogens after a 2-day administration. Furthermore, the association of genotoxic mechanisms in bladder carcinogenesis could be determined by analyzing the colocalization of γ-H2AX and Ki67 in the urothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Yamada
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Morikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
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7
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Su N, Liu CL, Chen XP, Fan XX, Ma YC. T-2 toxin cytotoxicity mediated by directly perturbing mitochondria in human gastric epithelium GES-1 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1141-1152. [PMID: 32187393 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of the most toxic trichothecenes and harmful to human health and animal husbandry. The mechanism underlying its growth suppression remains unclear, especially for mitochondrial damage in human gastric epithelial cells. In the present study, we investigated cell death caused by T-2 toxin in a human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) and the possible mechanism of T-2-induced cytotoxicity. T-2 strongly reduced the viability of GES-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner within a small range of concentrations. However, when the concentrations of T-2 were >40 nM, there was no concentration dependence, only time dependence. Moreover, T-2 induced apoptosis, with the activation of caspase-3 in GES-1 and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease and cytochrome c release. T-2 also resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage with a positive signal of p-H2A.X in GES-1 cells. While T-2 caused a MMP decrease, DNA damage and cell death were not blocked by pretreatment with 3 mM glutathione (GSH), a typical scavenger of ROS. The induction of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) regulators voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1) and cyclophilin D (CypD) were also observed in T-2-treated cells. Interestingly, cyclosporine A (CsA), a CypD inhibitor, significantly reversed the drop in MMP and the DNA damage, as well as ROS accumulation caused by T-2. Additionally, GES-1 cell death could also be protected to some extent by 4, 4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an inhibitor of VDAC1, especially the combination of CsA and DIDS, and 3 mM GSH could further enhance the effect of CsA + DIDS on cell viability. In conclusion, our present findings indicate that the T-2 induced MMP decrease, DNA damage and cell death, as well as ROS accumulation in GES-1 cells, starts with T-2 directly perturbing the mitochondria triggering ROS generation by acting on CypD and VDAC1. This study presents a new viewpoint for evaluating the toxicity of T-2 toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Su
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lei Liu
- College of Health Management, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Pei Chen
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia-Xia Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Pharmacy of Centeral China Fuwai Hospital, Centeral China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Pharmacy of Centeral China Fuwai Hospital, Centeral China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Biological significance of aminophenyl-β-carboline derivatives formed from co-mutagenic action of β-carbolines and aniline and o-toluidine and its effect on tumorigenesis in humans: A review. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 850-851:503148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Kopp B, Khoury L, Audebert M. Validation of the γH2AX biomarker for genotoxicity assessment: a review. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2103-2114. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Liu Q, Lei Z, Gu C, Guo J, Yu H, Fatima Z, Zhou K, Shabbir MAB, Maan MK, Wu Q, Xie S, Wang X, Yuan Z. Mequindox induces apoptosis, DNA damage, and carcinogenicity in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:270-279. [PMID: 30922968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mequindox (MEQ) is a synthetic antibacterial agent. Recent studies showed that MEQ and its primary metabolites exhibit strong genotoxicity to mammalian cells, and MEQ induced carcinogenicity in mice. These findings suggest that chronic exposure to MEQ could lead to an increased risk of cancer later in life. In the present study, four groups of Wistar rats (55 rats/sex/group) were fed with diets containing MEQ (0, 25, 55, and 110 mg/kg) for 2 years. The results showed that the hematological system, liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands, as well as the developmental and reproductive systems, were the main targets for MEQ. Liver toxicity mediated by MEQ was associated with apoptosis and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In addition, MEQ increased the incidence of tumors in rats. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) is identified as a biomarker of cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Our data demonstrated that γ-H2AX expression was significantly increased in tumors. Thus, high levels of DSB might be responsible for carcinogenesis in rats, and further investigation is absolutely required to clarify the exact molecular mechanisms for carcinogenicity caused by MEQ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Changqin Gu
- A Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jingchao Guo
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huiru Yu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zainab Fatima
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad A B Shabbir
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Maan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Shuyu Xie
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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11
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Sone M, Toyoda T, Cho YM, Akagi JI, Matsushita K, Mizuta Y, Morikawa T, Nishikawa A, Ogawa K. Immunohistochemistry of γ-H2AX as a method of early detection of urinary bladder carcinogenicity in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:868-876. [PMID: 30701581 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) has been demonstrated as a DNA damage marker both in vitro and in vivo. We previously reported the effects of genotoxic carcinogens in the urinary bladder of rats by immunohistochemical analysis of γ-H2AX using samples from 28-day repeated-dose tests. To evaluate the application of γ-H2AX as a biomarker of carcinogenicity in the bladder, we examined species differences in γ-H2AX formation in the urinary bladder of mice. Six-week-old male B6C3F1 mice were treated orally with 12 chemicals for 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, p-cresidine and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), classified as genotoxic bladder carcinogens, induced significant increases in γ-H2AX levels in the bladder urothelium. In contrast, genotoxic (2-nitroanisole, glycidol, N-nitrosodiethylamine and acrylamide) and non-genotoxic (dimethylarsinic acid and melamine) non-bladder carcinogens did not upregulate γ-H2AX. Importantly, 2-nitroanisole, a potent genotoxic bladder carcinogen in rats, significantly increased the proportion of γ-H2AX-positive cells in rats only, reflecting differences in carcinogenicity in the urinary bladder between rats and mice. Significant upregulation of γ-H2AX was also induced by uracil, a non-genotoxic bladder carcinogen that may be associated with cell proliferation, as demonstrated by increased Ki67 expression. 2-AAF caused γ-H2AX formation mainly in the superficial layer, together with reduced and disorganized expression of uroplakin III, unlike in rats, suggesting the mouse-specific cytotoxicity of 2-AAF in umbrella cells. These results suggest γ-H2AX is a useful biomarker reflecting species differences in carcinogenicity in the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sone
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Young-Man Cho
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Akagi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mizuta
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Morikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, 911-1 Takebayashi-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-0974, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
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Toyoda T, Matsushita K, Morikawa T, Yamada T, Miyoshi N, Ogawa K. Distinct differences in the mechanisms of mucosal damage and γ-H2AX formation in the rat urinary bladder treated with o-toluidine and o-anisidine. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:753-762. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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