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Yu Y, Nie W, Chu K, Wei X, Smith ZJ. Highly Sensitive, Portable Detection System for Multiplex Chemiluminescence Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14762-14769. [PMID: 37729474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) has emerged as a critical tool for the sensing and quantification of various bioanalytes in virtually all clinical fields. However, the rapid nature of many CL reactions raises challenges for typical low-cost optical sensors such as cameras to achieve accurate and sensitive detection. Meanwhile, classic sensors such as photomultiplier tubes are highly sensitive but lack spatial multiplexing capabilities and are generally not suited for point-of-care applications outside a standard laboratory setting. To address this issue, in this paper, a miniaturized and versatile silicon-photomultiplier-based fiber-integrated CL device (SFCD) was designed for sensitive multiplex CL detection. The SFCD comprises a silicon photomultiplier array coupled to an array of high numerical aperture plastic optical fibers to achieve 16-plex detection. The optical fibers ensure efficient light collection while allowing the fixed detector to be mated with diverse sample geometries (e.g., circular or grid), simply by adjusting the fiber configuration. In a head-to-head comparison with a lens-based camera system featuring a cooled detector, the SFCD achieved a 14-fold improved limit of detection in both direct and enzyme-mediated CL reactions. The SFCD also features improved compactness and lower cost, as well as faster temporal resolution compared with camera-based systems while preserving spatial multiplexing and good environmental robustness. Thus, the SFCD has excellent potential for point-of-care biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
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2
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Mwanza C, Ding SN. Newly Developed Electrochemiluminescence Based on Bipolar Electrochemistry for Multiplex Biosensing Applications: A Consolidated Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:666. [PMID: 37367031 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an upsurge in the extent to which electrochemiluminescence (ECL) working in synergy with bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) is being applied in simple biosensing devices, especially in a clinical setup. The key objective of this particular write-up is to present a consolidated review of ECL-BPE, providing a three-dimensional perspective incorporating its strengths, weaknesses, limitations, and potential applications as a biosensing technique. The review encapsulates critical insights into the latest and novel developments in the field of ECL-BPE, including innovative electrode designs and newly developed, novel luminophores and co-reactants employed in ECL-BPE systems, along with challenges, such as optimization of the interelectrode distance, electrode miniaturization and electrode surface modification for enhancing sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, this consolidated review will provide an overview of the latest, novel applications and advances made in this field with a bias toward multiplex biosensing based on the past five years of research. The studies reviewed herein, indicate that the technology is rapidly advancing at an outstanding purse and has an immense potential to revolutionize the general field of biosensing. This perspective aims to stimulate innovative ideas and inspire researchers alike to incorporate some elements of ECL-BPE into their studies, thereby steering this field into previously unexplored domains that may lead to unexpected, interesting discoveries. For instance, the application of ECL-BPE in other challenging and complex sample matrices such as hair for bioanalytical purposes is currently an unexplored area. Of great significance, a substantial fraction of the content in this review article is based on content from research articles published between the years 2018 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mwanza
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Chemistry Department, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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3
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Meng Q, Li Y, Yu Y, Chu K, Smith ZJ. A Drop-in, Focus-Extending Phase Mask Simplifies Microscopic and Microfluidic Imaging Systems for Cost-Effective Point-of-Care Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11000-11007. [PMID: 35895976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic imaging and imaging flow cytometry have wide potential in point-of-care assays; however, their narrow depth of focus necessitates precise mechanical or fluidic focus control of a sample in order to acquire high-quality images that can be used for downstream analysis, increasing the cost and complexity of the imaging system. This complexity represents a barrier to miniaturization and translation of point-of-care assays based on microscopic imaging or imaging flow cytometry. To address this challenge, we present a simple drop-in phase mask with a physics-informed, circularly symmetric asphere phase profile that extends the depth of focus by >5-fold while largely preserving the image quality compared to other depth extending methods. We show that such a focus-extended system overcomes manufacturing tolerances in low-cost sample chambers, enlarges the useable field-of-view of low-cost objectives, and permits increased throughput and precision in flow imaging systems without the need for complex flow-focusing. As the image quality is preserved without the need for postacquisition image restoration, our solution is also highly appropriate for on-line applications such as cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yaning Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yajun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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4
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D'Alton L, Carrara S, Barbante GJ, Hoxley D, Hayne DJ, Francis PS, Hogan CF. A simple, low-cost instrument for electrochemiluminescence immunoassays based on a Raspberry Pi and screen-printed electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 146:108107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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Calabretta MM, Montali L, Lopreside A, Fragapane F, Iacoangeli F, Roda A, Bocci V, D'Elia M, Michelini E. Ultrasensitive On-Field Luminescence Detection Using a Low-Cost Silicon Photomultiplier Device. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7388-7393. [PMID: 33973781 PMCID: PMC8253476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
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The availability
of portable analytical devices for on-site monitoring
and rapid detection of analytes of forensic, environmental, and clinical
interest is vital. We report the development of a portable device
for the detection of biochemiluminescence relying on silicon photomultiplier
(SiPM) technology, called LuminoSiPM, which includes a 3D printed
sample holder that can be adapted for both liquid samples and paper-based
biosensing. We performed a comparison of analytical performance in
terms of detectability with a benchtop luminometer, a portable cooled
charge-coupled device (CCD sensor), and smartphone-integrated complementary
metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors. As model systems, we used
two luciferase/luciferin systems emitting at different wavelengths
using purified protein solutions: the green-emitting P. pyralis mutant Ppy-GR-TS (λmax 550 nm) and the blue-emitting
NanoLuc (λmax 460 nm). A limit of detection of 9
femtomoles was obtained for NanoLuc luciferase, about 2 and 3 orders
of magnitude lower than that obtained with the portable CCD camera
and with the smartphone, respectively. A proof-of-principle forensic
application of LuminoSiPM is provided, exploiting an origami chemiluminescent
paper-based sensor for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, showing high
potential for this portable low-cost device for on-site applications
with adequate sensitivity for detecting low light intensities in critical
fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Montali
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia Lopreside
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fragapane
- Gabinetto Regionale di Polizia Scientifica per l'Emilia-Romagna, 40123, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Bocci
- INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Elia
- Gabinetto Regionale di Polizia Scientifica per l'Emilia-Romagna, 40123, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136 Rome, Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Recent advances in electrochemiluminescence luminophores. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:131-146. [PMID: 33893832 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has continued to receive considerable attention in various applications, owing to its intrinsic advantages such as near-zero background response, wide dynamic range, high sensitivity, simple instrumentation, and low cost. The ECL luminophore is one of the most significant components during the light generation processes. Despite significant progress that has been made in the synthesis of new luminophores and their roles in resolving various challenges, there are few comprehensive summaries on ECL luminophores. In this review, we discuss some of the recent advances in organic, metal complexes, nanomaterials, metal oxides, and near-infrared ECL luminophores. We also emphasize their roles in tackling various challenges with illustrative examples that have been reported in the last few years. Finally, perspective and some unresolved challenges in ECL that can potentially be addressed by introducing new luminophores have also been discussed. Graphical abstract.
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