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Imere A, Ligorio C, O'Brien M, Wong JKF, Domingos M, Cartmell SH. Engineering a cell-hydrogel-fibre composite to mimic the structure and function of the tendon synovial sheath. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:140-154. [PMID: 33189954 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The repair of tendon injuries is often compromised by post-operative peritendinous adhesions. Placing a physical barrier at the interface between the tendon and the surrounding tissue could potentially solve this problem by reducing adhesion formation. At present, no such system is available for routine use in clinical practice. Here, we propose the development of a bilayer membrane combining a nanofibrous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun mesh with a layer of self-assembling peptide hydrogel (SAPH) laden with type-B synoviocytes. This bilayer membrane would act as an anti-adhesion system capable of restoring tendon lubrication, while assisting with synovial sheath regeneration. The PCL mesh showed adequate mechanical properties (Young's modulus=19±4 MPa, ultimate tensile stress=9.6±1.7 MPa, failure load=0.5±0.1 N), indicating that the membrane is easy to handle and capable to withstand the frictional forces generated on the tendon's surface during movement (~0.3 N). Morphological analysis confirmed the generation of a mesh with nanosized PCL fibres and small pores (< 3 μm), which prevented fibroblast infiltration to impede extrinsic healing but still allowing diffusion of nutrients and waste. Rheological tests showed that incorporation of SAPH layer allows good lubrication properties when the membrane is articulated against porcine tendon or hypodermis, suggesting that restoration of tendon gliding is possible upon implantation. Moreover, viability and metabolic activity tests indicated that the SAPH was conducive to rabbit synoviocyte growth and proliferation over 28 days of 3D culture, sustaining cell production of specific matrix components, particularly hyaluronic acid. Synoviocyte-laden peptide hydrogel promoted a sustained endogenous production of hyaluronic acid, providing an anti-friction layer that potentially restores the tendon gliding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Imere
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; The Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cosimo Ligorio
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marie O'Brien
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; The Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jason K F Wong
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Marco Domingos
- The Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah H Cartmell
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; The Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK..
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Xu B, Liu R, Ding M, Zhang J, Sun H, Liu C, Lu F, Zhao S, Pan Q, Zhang X. Interaction of Mycoplasma synoviae with chicken synovial sheath cells contributes to macrophage recruitment and inflammation. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5366-5377. [PMID: 33142453 PMCID: PMC7647830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an important avian pathogen causing considerable economic hardship in the poultry industry. A major inflammation caused by MS is synovitis that occurs in the synovial tendon sheath and joint synovium. However, the overall appearance of pathological changes in the tendon sheath and surrounding tissues caused by MS infection at the level of pathological tissue sections was poor. Studies on the role of MS and synovial sheath cells (SSCs) interaction in the development of synovitis have not been carried out. Through histopathological observation, our study found that a major MS-induced pathological change of the tendon sheath synovium was extensive scattered and focal inflammatory cell infiltration of the tendon sheath synovial layer. In vitro research experiments revealed that the CFU numbers of MS adherent and invading SSC, the levels of expression of various pattern recognition receptors, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines coding genes, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CCL-20, RANTES, MIP-1β, TLR7, and TLR15 in SSCs, and chemotaxis of macrophages were significantly increased when the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of MS to SSC were increased tenfold. The expression level of IL-12p40 in SSC was significantly higher when the MOIs of MS to SSC were increased by a factor of 100. The interaction between MS and SSC can activate macrophages, which was manifested by a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CCL-20, RANTES, MIP-1β, and CXCL-13. This study systematically demonstrated that the interaction of MS with chicken SSC contributes to the inflammatory response caused by the robust expression of related cytokines and macrophage chemotaxis. These findings are helpful in elucidating the molecular mechanism of MS-induced synovitis in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Huawei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunxing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Flexor Tendon Sheath Engineering Using Decellularized Porcine Pericardium. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 138:630e-641e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kloczko E, Nikkhah D, Yildirimer L. Scaffolds for hand tissue engineering: the importance of surface topography. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2015; 40:973-85. [PMID: 25770899 DOI: 10.1177/1753193415571308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is believed to have great potential for the reconstruction of the hand after trauma, congenital absence and tumours. Due to the presence of multiple distinct tissue types, which together function in a precisely orchestrated fashion, the hand counts among the most complex structures to regenerate. As yet the achievements have been limited. More recently, the focus has shifted towards scaffolds, which provide a three-dimensional framework to mimic the natural extracellular environment for specific cell types. In particular their surface structures (or topographies) have become a key research focus to enhance tissue-specific cell attachment and growth into fully functioning units. This article reviews the current understanding in hand tissue engineering before focusing on the potential for scaffold topographical features on micro- and nanometre scales to achieve better functional regeneration of individual and composite tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kloczko
- UCL School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Nikkhah
- The Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
| | - L Yildirimer
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital Hampstead NHS Trust, London, UK
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5
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Jiang S, Yan H, Fan D, Song J, Fan C. Multi-layer electrospun membrane mimicking tendon sheath for prevention of tendon adhesions. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6932-44. [PMID: 25822877 PMCID: PMC4424997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16046932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Defect of the tendon sheath after tendon injury is a main reason for tendon adhesions, but it is a daunting challenge for the biomimetic substitute of the tendon sheath after injury due to its multi-layer membrane-like structure and complex biologic functions. In this study, a multi-layer membrane with celecoxib-loaded poly(l-lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol (PELA) electrospun fibrous membrane as the outer layer, hyaluronic acid (HA) gel as middle layer, and PELA electrospun fibrous membrane as the inner layer was designed. The anti-adhesion efficacy of this multi-layer membrane was compared with a single-layer use in rabbit flexor digitorum profundus tendon model. The surface morphology showed that both PELA fibers and celecoxib-loaded PELA fibers in multi-layer membrane were uniform in size, randomly arrayed, very porous, and smooth without beads. Multi-layer membrane group had fewer peritendinous adhesions and better gliding than the PELA membrane group and control group in gross and histological observation. The similar mechanical characteristic and collagen expression of tendon repair site in the three groups indicated that the multi-layer membrane did not impair tendon healing. Taken together, our results demonstrated that such a biomimetic multi-layer sheath could be used as a potential strategy in clinics for promoting tendon gliding and preventing adhesion without poor tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Hede Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Dapeng Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jialin Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
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6
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Baymurat AC, Ozturk AM, Yetkin H, Ergun MA, Helvacıoglu F, Ozkızılcık A, Tuzlakoğlu K, Şener EE, Erdogan D. Bio-engineered synovial membrane to prevent tendon adhesions in rabbit flexor tendon model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:84-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alim Can Baymurat
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Akif Muhtar Ozturk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Haluk Yetkin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Helvacıoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Asya Ozkızılcık
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Kadriye Tuzlakoğlu
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Yalova University; Yalova 77100 Turkey
| | - E. Ertugrul Şener
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Deniz Erdogan
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
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7
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Galvez MG, Crowe C, Farnebo S, Chang J. Tissue engineering in flexor tendon surgery: current state and future advances. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2014; 39:71-8. [PMID: 24262584 DOI: 10.1177/1753193413512432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of flexor tendons addresses a challenge often faced by hand surgeons: the restoration of function and improvement of healing with a limited supply of donor tendons. Creating an engineered tendon construct is dependent upon understanding the normal healing mechanisms of the tendon and tendon sheath. The production of a tendon construct includes: creating a three-dimensional scaffold; seeding cells within the scaffold; encouraging cellular growth within the scaffold while maintaining a gliding surface; and finally ensuring mechanical strength. An effective construct incorporates these factors in its design, with the ultimate goal of creating tendon substitutes that are readily available to the reconstructive hand surgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Galvez
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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Jiang K, Wang Z, Du Q, Yu J, Wang A, Xiong Y. A new TGF-β3 controlled-released chitosan scaffold for tissue engineering synovial sheath. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:801-7. [PMID: 23564463 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The post-operative outcome of flexor tendon healing remains limited by flexor tendon adhesion that reduces joint range of motion. Despite improvement in different methods, peritendinous adhesion formation continues to present a formidable challenge. Recent studies showed that transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) may be the key factor to reducing adhesion formation in skin or tendon. In this study, we designed a novel type of tissue engineering synovial sheath containing TGF-β3, to prevent flexor tendon adhesion. First, to achieve a stable release of TGF-β3, chitosan microspheres, prepared by crosslinking-emulsion, were used for the delivery of TGF-β3. Second, a three-dimensional chitosan scaffold was prepared by lyophilization, and TGF-β3 microspheres were carefully introduced into the scaffold. Then, synovial cells were cultured and then seeded into the TGF-β3 loaded scaffold to produce TGF-β3 controlled-released tissue engineering synovial sheath. Tests clearly demonstrated that the scaffold has good structure and compatibility with cells. These results expand the feasibility of combinative strategies of controlled protein release and tissue-engineered synovial sheath formation. Application of this scaffold to tendon repair sites may help to prevent adhesion of tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
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9
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Liu S, Zhao J, Ruan H, Tang T, Liu G, Yu D, Cui W, Fan C. Biomimetic Sheath Membrane via Electrospinning for Antiadhesion of Repaired Tendon. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3611-9. [PMID: 23025492 DOI: 10.1021/bm301022p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan
Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- School of Biomedical
Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954
Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjiang Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan
Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic
Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011,
People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic
Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011,
People's Republic of China
| | - Degang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic
Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011,
People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road,
Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical
Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954
Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan
Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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10
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Longer-acting and highly potent chimaeric inhibitors of excessive exocytosis created with domains from botulinum neurotoxin A and B. Biochem J 2012; 444:59-67. [PMID: 22360156 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Various human neurogenic hyper-excitability disorders are successfully treated with type A or B BoNT (botulinum neurotoxin). The BoNT/A complex is widely used because of its longer-lasting benefits; also, autonomic side-effects are more often reported for BoNT/B. To establish if this distinct effect of BoNT/B could be exploited therapeutically, BoNT/A was modified so that it would bind the more abundant BoNT/B acceptor in rodents while retaining its desirable persistent action. The advantageous protease and translocation domain of BoNT/A were recombinantly combined with the acceptor-binding moiety of type B [H(C)/B (C-terminal half of BoNT/B heavy chain)], creating the chimaera AB. This purified protein bound the BoNT/B acceptor, displayed enhanced capability relative to type A for intraneuronally delivering its protease, cleaved SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) and induced a more prolonged neuromuscular paralysis than BoNT/A in mice. The BA chimaera, generated by substituting H(C)/A (C-terminal half of BoNT/A heavy chain) into BoNT/B, exhibited an extremely high specific activity, delivered the BoNT/B protease via the BoNT/A acceptor into neurons, or fibroblast-like synoviocytes that lack SNAP-25, cleaving the requisite isoforms of VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein). Both chimaeras inhibited neurotransmission in murine bladder smooth muscle. BA has the unique ability to reduce exocytosis from non-neuronal cells expressing the BoNT/A-acceptor and utilising VAMP, but not SNAP-25, in exocytosis.
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Chen G, Zhang SX, Tao ZF, Xiong Y, Sun W, Lu J, Pan F, Zhang ZZ. Overexpression of synoviolin facilitates the formation of a functional synovial biomembrane. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1761-9. [PMID: 22488929 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Digital flexor tendon repair poses a significant challenge for hand surgeons. Currently, extrasynovial tendon grafts are frequently used in clinical settings to bridge flexor tendon defects. However, the healing process is always accompanied by postoperative adhesion. This is mostly due to the fact that no synovial membrane covers the extrasynovial tendon surface, in contrast to the intrasynovial tendon. In this study, we present an efficient method of developing a functional synovial biomembrane on the surface of the extrasynovial tendon. Synoviocytes were isolated from the knee joint of a Japanese white rabbit. After being infected with lentivirus, the over-expression of synoviolin in these synoviocytes was confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Cellular proliferation and increased hyaluronic acid secretion were confirmed in the synoviolin over-expressing synoviocytes by MTT-based method, cell cycle assays and ELISA. Furthermore, the synoviolin over-expressing synoviocytes were co-cultured with extrasynovial tendons that were harvested from the hind leg of rabbits. After being co-cultured in vitro for 3 and 7 days, these infected synoviocytes were found to accelerate the formation of a biomembrane on the tendon surface compared to the control group. More importantly, Alcian blue staining confirmed the ability of this cultured biomembrane to produce specific matrices containing acidic carboxyl mucopolysaccharides (mainly hyaluronic acid). All these results demonstrate that the over-expression of synoviolin stimulates the proliferation and HA secretion of synoviocytes and facilitates the formation of a functional synovial biomembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing, China
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12
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13
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Blewis ME, Lao BJ, Jadin KD, McCarty WJ, Bugbee WD, Firestein GS, Sah RL. Semi-permeable membrane retention of synovial fluid lubricants hyaluronan and proteoglycan 4 for a biomimetic bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:149-60. [PMID: 20014439 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synovial fluid (SF) contains lubricant macromolecules, hyaluronan (HA), and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4). The synovium not only contributes lubricants to SF through secretion by synoviocyte lining cells, but also concentrates lubricants in SF due to its semi-permeable nature. A membrane that recapitulates these synovium functions may be useful in a bioreactor system for generating a bioengineered fluid (BF) similar to native SF. The objectives were to analyze expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes with pore sizes of 50 nm, 90 nm, 170 nm, and 3 microm in terms of (1) HA and PRG4 secretion rates by adherent synoviocytes, and (2) the extent of HA and PRG4 retention with or without synoviocytes adherent on the membrane. Experiment 1: Synoviocytes were cultured on tissue culture (TC) plastic or membranes +/- IL-1beta + TGF-beta1 + TNF-alpha, a cytokine combination that stimulates lubricant synthesis. HA and PRG4 secretion rates were assessed by analysis of medium. Experiment 2: Bioreactors were fabricated to provide a BF compartment enclosed by membranes +/- adherent synoviocytes, and an external compartment of nutrient fluid (NF). A solution with HA (1 mg/mL, MW ranging from 30 to 4,000 kDa) or PRG4 (50 microg/mL) was added to the BF compartment, and HA and PRG4 loss into the NF compartment after 2, 8, and 24 h was determined. Lubricant loss kinetics were analyzed to estimate membrane permeability. Experiment 1: Cytokine-regulated HA and PRG4 secretion rates on membranes were comparable to those on TC plastic. Experiment 2: Transport of HA and PRG4 across membranes was lowest with 50 nm membranes and highest with 3 microm membranes, and transport of high MW HA was decreased by adherent synoviocytes (for 50 and 90 nm membranes). The permeability to HA mixtures for 50 nm membranes was approximately 20 x 10(-8) cm/s (- cells) and approximately 5 x 10(-8) cm/s (+ cells), for 90 nm membranes was approximately 35 x 10(-8) cm/s (- cells) and approximately 19 x 10(-8) cm/s (+ cells), for 170 nm membranes was approximately 74 x 10(-8) cm/s (+/- cells), and for 3 microm membranes was approximately 139 x 10(-8) cm/s (+/- cells). The permeability of 450 kDa HA was approximately 40x lower than that of 30 kDa HA for 50 nm membranes, but only approximately 2.5x lower for 3 microm membranes. The permeability of 4,000 kDa HA was approximately 250x lower than that of 30 kDa HA for 50 nm membranes, but only approximately 4x lower for 3 microm membranes. The permeability for PRG4 was approximately 4 x 10(-8) cm/s for 50 nm membranes, approximately 48 x 10(-8) cm/s for 90 nm membranes, approximately 144 x 10(-8) cm/s for 170 nm membranes, and approximately 336 x 10(-8) cm/s for 3 microm membranes. The associated loss across membranes after 24 h ranged from 3% to 92% for HA, and from 3% to 93% for PRG4. These results suggest that semi-permeable membranes may be used in a bioreactor system to modulate lubricant retention in a bioengineered SF, and that synoviocytes adherent on the membranes may serve as both a lubricant source and a barrier for lubricant transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Blewis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0412, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA
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14
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Xu L, Cao D, Liu W, Zhou G, Zhang WJ, Cao Y. In vivo engineering of a functional tendon sheath in a hen model. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3894-902. [PMID: 20170958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Repair of injured tendon sheath remains a major challenge and this study explored the possibility of in vivo reconstruction of a tendon sheath with tendon sheath derived cells and polyglycolic acid (PGA) fibers in a Leghorn hen model. Total 55 Leghorn hens with a 1cm tendon sheath defect created in the left middle toe of each animal were randomly assigned into: (1) experimental group (n=19) that received a cell-PGA construct; (2) scaffold control group (n=18) that received a cell-free PGA scaffold; (3) blank control group (n=18) with the defect untreated. Tendon sheath cells were isolated, in vitro expanded, and seeded onto PGA scaffolds. After in vitro culture for 7 days, the constructs were in vivo implanted to repair the sheath defects. Alcian blue staining confirmed the ability of cultured cells to produce specific matrices containing acidic carboxyl mucopolysaccharide (mainly hyaluronic acid). In addition, the engineered sheath formed a relatively mature structure at 12 weeks post-surgery, which was similar to that of native counterpart, including a smooth inner surface, a well-developed sheath histological structure with a clear space between the tendon and the engineered sheath. More importantly, Work of Flexion assay revealed that the tendons needed less power consumption to glide inside the engineered sheath when compared to the tendons which were surrounded by scar-repaired tissues, indicating that the engineered sheaths had gained the function to a certain extent of preventing tendon adhesion. Taken together, these results suggest that tendon sheaths that are functionally and structurally similar to native sheaths are possible to be engineered in vivo using tendon sheath cells and PGA scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Fan J, Varshney RR, Ren L, Cai D, Wang DA. Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a new cell source for musculoskeletal regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2009; 15:75-86. [PMID: 19196118 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ever since synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) were first identified and successfully isolated in 2001, as a brand new member in MSC families, they have been increasingly regarded as a promising therapeutic cell species for musculoskeletal regeneration, particularly for reconstructions of cartilage, bones, tendons, and muscles. Besides the general multipotency in common among the MSC community, SMSCs excel other sourced MSCs in higher ability of proliferation and superiority in chondrogenesis. This review summarizes the latest advances in SMSC-related studies covering their specific isolation methodologies, biological insights, and practical applications in musculoskeletal therapeutics of which an emphasis is cast on engineered chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Fan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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